Naphtho-[2,3-b]pyrandiones类抗生素SP-1的发酵、理化性质及活性研究

从产生菌Z-2002的发酵产物中,纯化得到抗生素SP-1,属于有广泛生物活性但少见的3,4-dihydro-2H-Naphtho-[2,3-b]pyran-5,10-quinones类化合物,该化合物与已知抗生素( )-Cryptosporin一致。SP-1对23种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌进行了体外抑菌活性评价,抗菌谱表明:SP-1对G 菌有一定的抑制活性,对临床分离的耐甲氧西林的金葡菌(MRSA)、表葡菌(MRSE)呈中等程度的抑制,MIC为8μg/mL,对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性较弱。     

300例肿瘤患者痰培养及药敏结果的分析

本文通过对３００例肿瘤患者痰培养及药敏的实验结果进行分析,说明在肿瘤患者中呼吸道感染不仅见于革兰氏阳性菌,而且还常见于革兰氏阴性菌及真菌。其中革兰氏阳性菌主要是金黄色葡萄球菌（３８株）,肠球菌（３７株）,化脓性链球菌（９株）,革兰氏阴性菌主要是肺炎克雷伯氏菌（３９株）,铜绿假单胞菌（２７株）等,从药敏实验结果观察到革兰氏阳性菌对万古霉素较敏感,而对其它抗生素均有不同程度的耐药性,革兰氏阴性菌对另四代头孢菌素,头孢哌酮,头孢噻腭及对氧哌嗪青霉素的耐药率低于２０％。     

提高鱼精蛋白对革兰氏阴性菌抗菌活性的研究

测定了鱼精蛋白对常见食品污染菌的抑制效果和最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) ;通过鱼精蛋白与甘氨酸、醋酸钠复合 ,或与冷冻并用等方法 ,提高了鱼精蛋白对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性     

老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者继发革兰氏阴性杆菌感染的菌型及耐药性分析

目的：探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）继发院内革兰氏阴性杆菌感染的发病机理、菌型分布及耐药性。方法：从本院老年COPD继发医院革兰氏阴性杆菌（GNB）肺炎患者痰液中分离的213株GNB进行菌型分类,选用12种常用抗菌药物进行体外MIC药敏试验。结果：213株占COPD继发医院肺炎病原菌总数的69．6％（213／306）。老年COPD患者继发革兰氏阴性菌感染菌种分类为：铜绿假单胞菌（35．7％）、肺炎克雷伯菌（21．1％）、大肠埃希菌（17．4％）、阴沟肠杆菌（11．7％）、嗜麦芽假单胞菌（7．9％）、其他病原菌（6．1％）;药敏结果表明,所有GNB对抗菌药物耐药率均呈上升趋势。结论：铜绿假单胞菌是COPD继发GNB感染的主要致病菌,在临床治疗中必须重视菌型鉴定和药敏试验,合理使用抗生素,才能控制院内感染GNB的发生和日益增高的耐药趋势。     

银沙槐内生放线菌抗菌活性及其与内生细菌的拮抗关系

从荒漠濒危植物银沙槐根部分离到内生放线菌12株和内生细菌31株.以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为指示菌对内生放线菌进行了抗菌活性筛选.结果表明：3株放线菌对3种指示菌均有抑制作用,2株完全无抑菌作用.采用菌块抑制法分析内生放线菌对来自同一植物内生细菌的抑制效果,44.9%的组合出现抑制现象,最大抑菌圈直径为28.5mm,最小者仅8.25 mm,主要抑制对象是革兰氏阴性菌和芽孢菌;55.1%的组合无抑制现象.说明内生菌的相互作用具有多样性.     

抗菌肽及其临床应用研究进展

抗菌肽是生物体在抵抗病原微生物的防御反应过程中产生的一类具有抗微生物活性的小分子多肽。抗菌肽是机体天然免疫系统的重要组成部分,具有广谱的抗革兰氏阳性、阴性菌活性,对真菌、某些有包膜的病毒、寄生虫以及肿瘤细胞也有抑制活性。抗菌肽具有不同于传统抗生素的独特抗菌机制,病原菌不宜对其产生耐药性,有可能成为一种新的抗生素替代品。介绍了抗菌肽的来源与分类、理化特性与生物学活性,并重点阐述其最新的临床应用进展。     

抗菌肽的设计及其应用

抗菌肽(AMP)是生物体内先天免疫系统的一个组成部分,保护机体免受致病微生物的入侵.抗菌肽具有很强的广谱抗菌活性,可抑制革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、真菌和病毒的生长.为克服微生物对抗生素耐药性的问题,目前阳离子抗菌肽已被考虑作为抗生素的潜在替代品.本文将阐述抗菌肽的作用机理、选择性抗菌肽的设计及其应用.     

4种中药贯众原植物提取物的体外抗菌活性研究

用水提法和醇提法制备苏铁蕨（Brainea insighis）、华南紫萁（Osmunda vachellii）、狗脊蕨（Woodwardia japonica）和乌毛蕨（Blechnum orientale）的根状茎的提取液,应用纸片扩散法和试管二倍稀释法测定了各提取液对11种常见致病菌的抑菌圈、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果表明,各提取液（1g生药／mL）对表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及李斯特菌4种革兰氏阳性菌有明显抑制作用,对表皮葡萄球菌的抑制作用尤为明显,且醇提液的抑菌效果优于水提液;对大肠埃希氏菌等革兰氏阴性菌则无抑制作用。在4种贯众原植物中,苏铁蕨对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制活性最强。     

体液病原菌分布及革兰氏阴性杆菌药敏结果分析

目的：分析2005-2006年我院内无菌体液病原菌流行状况及革兰氏阴性杆菌对常用抗生素的敏感性,以便更好地为临床治疗感染性疾病提供用药参考。方法：所有菌株用美国BD公司BBLCRYSTAL AUTOREADER仪器进行鉴定,药敏用K-B法,培养基和药敏纸片为BD公司的。结果：80株致病菌中,肠杆菌科占65%,非发酵菌占12.5%,革兰氏阳性葡萄球菌占17.5%,酵母样真菌占2.5%,厌氧菌占2.5%。大肠埃希菌感染占首位（50株）其次为铜绿假单胞菌（3株）。嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（3株）。肺炎克雷伯菌（2株）。大肠埃希菌中ESBL阳性菌18%（9/50）ESBL阳性菌和阴性菌对不同抗菌药物的敏感性有显著差异,前者耐药明显高于后者。结论：临床应根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素,减少院内感染的发生。     

融合表达HLH结构域对猪溶菌酶抗菌活性的影响

[目的]通过遗传操作提高猪溶菌酶抗革兰氏阴性菌的活性。[方法]对猪溶菌酶进行分子模拟,得到了包含功能肽的螺旋-回环-螺旋(HLH)结构域,将HLH编码基因与猪溶菌酶基因N端或C端进行融合,于大肠杆菌中诱导表达,经复性、纯化后检测其抗菌活性,并利用原子力显微镜和荧光染色对抗菌活性较高的融合蛋白杀菌机制进行初探。[结果]与对照组相比,N端和C端融合蛋白基本保持了猪溶菌酶对革兰氏阳性菌的活性;同时,两种融合蛋白对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性均显著增强,其中N端融合产物活性更高,它对大肠杆菌ATCC 10798、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、克雷伯氏菌TR5、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 15442、沙门氏菌CMCC(B)50335的抗菌系数分别为1.64、1.24、2.56、1.72和1.42,最低抑菌浓度分别为90μg/mL、100μg/mL、40μg/mL、80μg/mL和100μg/mL。经检测,该融合蛋白能显著增强革兰氏阴性菌细胞膜的通透性。[结论]通过融合表达自身来源的HLH结构域,猪溶菌酶抗革兰氏阴性菌活性得到了显著提升,可为其它溶菌酶抗菌活性的提高提供参考。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.