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1.
A method of docking Ca2+ ions in proteins with flexible side chains and deformable backbones is proposed. The energy was calculated with the AMBER force field, implicit solvent, and solvent exposure-dependent and distance-dependent dielectric function. Starting structures were generated with Ca2+ coordinates and side-chain torsions sampled in 1000 Å3 cubes centered at the experimental Ca2+ positions. The energy was Monte Carlo-minimized. The method was tested on fourteen Ca2+-binding sites. For twelve Ca2+-binding sites the root mean square (RMS) deviation of the apparent global minimum from the experimental structure was below 1.3 and 1.7 Å for Ca2+ ions and side-chain heavy atoms, respectively. Energies of multiple local minima correlate with the RMS deviations from the X-ray structures. Two Ca2+-binding sites at the surface of proteinase K were not predicted, because of underestimation of Ca2+ hydration energy by the implicit-solvent method. 相似文献
2.
The goal of the present study is to explore whether Ca2+ and Mg2+-binding properties of isomeric Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) have different effects on their molecular structure and the binding with Kv channel. 8-Anilinonaphthalene- 1-sulfonate fluorescence measurement showed that KChIP4.1 and KChIP2.2 possessed one and two types of Ca2+-binding sites, respectively, and only one type of Mg2+-binding site was noted in the two KChIP proteins. Removal of EF-hand 4 (EF-4) caused a marked drop in their high affinities for Ca2+, but the binding affinity for Mg2+ remained mostly the same. Unlike KChIP4.1, the intact EF-4 was essential for the Kv channel-binding ability of KChIP2.2 in a metal-free buffer. Nevertheless, the interaction of wild-type KChIPs and EF-4-truncated mutants with Kv channel was enhanced by the addition of Mg2+ and Ca2+. In contrast to KChIP4.1, the thermal stability of KChIP2.2 was decreased by the binding of Mg2+ and Ca2+. These results suggest that the conformational change with metal-bound KChIP4.1 is crucial for its interaction with Kv channel but not for KChIP2.2, and that the Mg2+- and Ca2+-binding properties of KChIP2.2 and KChIP4.1 have different effects on their molecular structure. 相似文献
3.
Rachel E. Milner Konrad S. Famulski Marek Michalak 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1992,112(1):1-13
In this paper we review some of the large quantities of information currently available concerning the identification, structure and function of Ca2+-binding proteins of endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. The review places particular emphasis on identification and discussion of Ca2+ storage proteins in these membranes. We believe that the evidence reviewed here supports the contention that the Ca2+-binding capacity of both calsequestrin and calreticulin favor their contribution as the major Ca2+-binding proteins of muscle and nonmuscle cells, respectively. Other Ca2+-binding proteins discovered in both endoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes probably contribute to the overall Ca2+ storage capacity of these membrane organelles, and they also play other important functional role such as posttranslational modification of newly synthesized proteins, a cytoskeletal (structural) function, or movement of Ca2+ within the lumen of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum towards the storage sites.Abbreviations SR
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- InsP3
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- SDS-PAGE
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
- PDI
Protein Disulphide Isomerase
- T3BP
Thyroid Hormone Binding Protein
- Grp
Glucose regulated proteins
- HCP
Histidine-rich Ca2+ binding Protein
- LDL
Low Density Lipoprotein 相似文献
4.
《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1985,129(2):603-610
A novel Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein isolated from bovine brain was found to be a potent inhibitor of the Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), also isolated from bovine brain. Halfmaximal inhibition by this calciprotein of the initial rate of phosphorylation of histone III-S by protein kinase C occurred at a calciprotein concentration of 2.2 μM under standard conditions. Comparison of the effects of a number of Ca2+-binding proteins on protein kinase C activity indicated that the Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein was the most potent inhibitor, followed by the intestinal Ca2+-binding protein and calcineurin. Calmodulin, troponin C, S-100 protein and a Mr 21,000 Ca2+-binding protein of bovine brain were relatively weak inhibitors of protein kinase C. The inhibitory effect of the Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein was apparently not due to its interaction with phospholipid or the basic protein substrate and therefore appears to be due to a direct effect on the protein kinase C. These observations suggest that the novel Mr 17,000 Ca2+-binding protein, and possibly other Ca2+-binding proteins, may play a physiological role in regulating the activity of protein kinase C. 相似文献
5.
Analysis of EF-hand-containing proteins in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Background
In plants, calcium (Ca2+) has emerged as an important messenger mediating the action of many hormonal and environmental signals, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Many different signals raise cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), which in turn is thought to regulate cellular and developmental processes via Ca2+-binding proteins. Three out of the four classes of Ca2+-binding proteins in plants contain Ca2+-binding EF-hand motif(s). This motif is a conserved helix-loop-helix structure that can bind a single Ca2+ ion. To identify all EF-hand-containing proteins in Arabidopsis, we analyzed its completed genome sequence for genes encoding EF-hand-containing proteins. 相似文献6.
Yifei Yang Camille Keeler Ivana Y. Kuo Elias J. Lolis Barbara E. Ehrlich Michael E. Hodsdon 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(16):10544-10554
Polycystin-2 (PC2) belongs to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family and forms a Ca2+-regulated channel. The C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of human PC2 (HPC2 Cterm) is important for PC2 channel assembly and regulation. In this study, we characterized the oligomeric states and Ca2+-binding profiles in the C-terminal tail using biophysical approaches. Specifically, we determined that HPC2 Cterm forms a trimer in solution with and without Ca2+ bound, although TRP channels are believed to be tetramers. We found that there is only one Ca2+-binding site in the HPC2 Cterm, located within its EF-hand domain. However, the Ca2+ binding affinity of the HPC2 Cterm trimer is greatly enhanced relative to the intrinsic binding affinity of the isolated EF-hand domain. We also employed the sea urchin PC2 (SUPC2) as a model for biophysical and structural characterization. The sea urchin C-terminal construct (SUPC2 Ccore) also forms trimers in solution, independent of Ca2+ binding. In contrast to the human PC2, the SUPC2 Ccore contains two cooperative Ca2+-binding sites within its EF-hand domain. Consequently, trimerization does not further improve the affinity of Ca2+ binding in the SUPC2 Ccore relative to the isolated EF-hand domain. Using NMR, we localized the Ca2+-binding sites in the SUPC2 Ccore and characterized the conformational changes in its EF-hand domain due to trimer formation. Our study provides a structural basis for understanding the Ca2+-dependent regulation of the PC2 channel by its cytosolic C-terminal domain. The improved methodology also serves as a good strategy to characterize other Ca2+-binding proteins. 相似文献
7.
A procedure for the isolation of highly purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from rabbit skeletal muscle has been described using sucrose gradient centrifugation in zonal rotors. The yield of our purest fraction was 300 mg of sarcoplasmic reticulum protein using 1 kg muscle. The sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were relatively simple in composition. The Ca2+-pump protein accounted for most (approx. two-thirds) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum protein. Two other protein components, a Ca2+-binding protein and a M55 protein (approx. 55 000 daltons) each accounted for about 5–10% of the protein. Enrichment in the level of phosphoenzyme by the Ca2+-pump protein was regarded as an important index of the purification of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were capable of forming 6.4 nmoles of 32P-labelled phosphoenzyme per mg protein and had a high capacity of energized Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+-dependent formation of phosphoenzyme has been used to estimate the sarcoplasmic reticulum protein content in rabbit skeletal muscle and found to be about 2.5% of the total muscle protein.The Ca2+-pump and Ca2+-binding proteins were isolated with a purity of 90% or more by treating the purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with bile acids in the presence of salt. The solubilized Ca2+-pump protein reaggregated during dialysis together with phospholipid to form membranous vesicles which were capable of forming approx. 9 nmoles 32P-labelled phosphoenzyme per mg protein. The Ca2+-binding protein was water soluble and contained a high percentage of acidic amino acids (35% of total residues).Ca2+ binding by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and by the Ca2+-pump and Ca2+-binding proteins was studied by equilibrium dialysis. Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and Ca2+-pump protein contained nonspecific high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites with a capacity of 90–100 and 55–70 nmoles Ca2+ per mg protein, respectively. Both of them specifically bound 10–15 nmoles Ca2+ per mg protein. The binding constants for nonspecific and specific Ca2+ binding by both preparations were approx. 1 μM?1. The Ca2+-binding protein nonspecifically bound 900–1000 nmoles Ca2+ per mg protein with a binding constant of about 0.25 μM?1. 相似文献
8.
The Ca2+-binding properties of placental plasma membranes were studied using a flow dialysis system.Ca2+-binding was not detectable at pH 4.0, but increased at higher pH values to a maximum binding at pH 11.0.Two types of Ca2+-binding sites were identified: high-affinity sites with dissociation constant Ks = 3.1 · 10−5 M and a capacity of 26 nmoles per mg protein; low-affinity sites with Ks = 1.1 · 10−3 M and a capacity of 266 nmoles per mg protein.The affinities of Mg2+ and Sr2+ for the high-affinity sites were 10-fold lower than that of Ca2+, and for the low-affinity sites were 4- and 8-fold lower, respectively.The placental plasma membranes contain sites for Ca2+ with capacity, specificity and affinity within the range reported for other membranes involved in an active transport of Ca2+ (mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, cardiac microsomes). The presence of high-affinity Ca2+ sites as well as Ca2+-ATPase implicates these membranes in Ca2+ transport from the maternal to the fetal circulation. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of molecular biology》2022,434(23):167872
EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins (CBPs), such as S100 proteins (S100s) and calmodulin (CaM), are signaling proteins that undergo conformational changes upon increasing intracellular Ca2+. Upon binding Ca2+, S100 proteins and CaM interact with protein targets and induce important biological responses. The Ca2+-binding affinity of CaM and most S100s in the absence of target is weak (CaKD > 1 μM). However, upon effector protein binding, the Ca2+ affinity of these proteins increases via heterotropic allostery (CaKD < 1 μM). Because of the high number and micromolar concentrations of EF-hand CBPs in a cell, at any given time, allostery is required physiologically, allowing for (i) proper Ca2+ homeostasis and (ii) strict maintenance of Ca2+-signaling within a narrow dynamic range of free Ca2+ ion concentrations, [Ca2+]free. In this review, mechanisms of allostery are coalesced into an empirical “binding and functional folding (BFF)” physiological framework. At the molecular level, folding (F), binding and folding (BF), and BFF events include all atoms in the biomolecular complex under study. The BFF framework is introduced with two straightforward BFF types for proteins (type 1, concerted; type 2, stepwise) and considers how homologous and nonhomologous amino acid residues of CBPs and their effector protein(s) evolved to provide allosteric tightening of Ca2+ and simultaneously determine how specific and relatively promiscuous CBP-target complexes form as both are needed for proper cellular function. 相似文献
10.
《Neurochemistry international》1988,12(2):215-223
At least three Ca2+-binding proteins were detected in rat cortex by 45Ca2+ autoradiography of two-dimensional electrophoretograms. The identities of two of these Ca2+-binding proteins were determined to be calmodulin and the B subunit of calcineurin. The identification was based upon the following criteria: (1) co-localization on polyacrylamide gels with the appropriate purified proteins, (2) staining of nitrocellulose blots with specific antisera for calmodulin and calcineurin and (3) ability to bind Ca2+. This information is useful in that it identifies two major brain proteins visible on silver-stained two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. In addition, this data reveals the location of an unidentified Ca2+-binding protein of molecular weight ∼ 18,000 Da and pI 5.4 on these gels. 相似文献
11.
Frank N. Gellerich Zemfira Gizatullina Sonata Trumbeckaite Huu P. Nguyen Thilo Pallas Odeta Arandarcikaite Stephan Vielhaber Enn Seppet Frank Striggow 《BBA》2010,1797(6-7):1018-1027
Despite extensive research, the regulation of mitochondrial function is still not understood completely. Ample evidence shows that cytosolic Ca2+ has a strategic task in co-ordinating the cellular work load and the regeneration of ATP by mitochondria. Currently, the paradigmatic view is that Cacyt2+ taken up by the Ca2+ uniporter activates the matrix enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. However, we have recently found that Ca2+ regulates the glutamate-dependent state 3 respiration by the supply of glutamate to mitochondria via aralar, a mitochondrial glutamate/aspartate carrier. Since this activation is not affected by ruthenium red, glutamate transport into mitochondria is controlled exclusively by extramitochondrial Ca2+. Therefore, this discovery shows that besides intramitochondrial also extramitochondrial Ca2+ regulates oxidative phosphorylation. This new mechanism acts as a mitochondrial “gas pedal”, supplying the OXPHOS with substrate on demand. These results are in line with recent findings of Satrustegui and Palmieri showing that aralar as part of the malate–aspartate shuttle is involved in the Ca2+-dependent transport of reducing hydrogen equivalents (from NADH) into mitochondria. This review summarises results and evidence as well as hypothetical interpretations of data supporting the view that at the surface of mitochondria different regulatory Ca2+-binding sites exist and can contribute to cellular energy homeostasis. Moreover, on the basis of our own data, we propose that these surface Ca2+-binding sites may act as targets for neurotoxic proteins such as mutated huntingtin and others. The binding of these proteins to Ca2+-binding sites can impair the regulation by Ca2+, causing energetic depression and neurodegeneration. 相似文献
12.
Effective control of the Ca2+ homeostasis in any living cell is paramount to coordinate some of the most essential physiological processes, including cell division, morphological differentiation, and intercellular communication. Therefore, effective homeostatic mechanisms have evolved to maintain the intracellular Ca2+ concentration at physiologically adequate levels, as well as to regulate the spatial and temporal dynamics of Ca2+signaling at subcellular resolution. Members of the superfamily of EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins are effective to either attenuate intracellular Ca2+ transients as stochiometric buffers or function as Ca2+ sensors whose conformational change upon Ca2+ binding triggers protein-protein interactions, leading to cell state-specific intracellular signaling events. In the central nervous system, some EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins are restricted to specific subtypes of neurons or glia, with their expression under developmental and/or metabolic control. Therefore, Ca2+-binding proteins are widely used as molecular markers of cell identity whilst also predicting excitability and neurotransmitter release profiles in response to electrical stimuli. Secretagogin is a novel member of the group of EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins whose expression precedes that of many other Ca2+-binding proteins in postmitotic, migratory neurons in the embryonic nervous system. Secretagogin expression persists during neurogenesis in the adult brain, yet becomes confined to regionalized subsets of differentiated neurons in the adult central and peripheral nervous and neuroendocrine systems. Secretagogin may be implicated in the control of neuronal turnover and differentiation, particularly since it is re-expressed in neoplastic brain and endocrine tumors and modulates cell proliferation in vitro. Alternatively, and since secretagogin can bind to SNARE proteins, it might function as a Ca2+ sensor/coincidence detector modulating vesicular exocytosis of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides or hormones. Thus, secretagogin emerges as a functionally multifaceted Ca2+-binding protein whose molecular characterization can unravel a new and fundamental dimension of Ca2+signaling under physiological and disease conditions in the nervous system and beyond. 相似文献
13.
Improved model of hydrated calcium ion for molecular dynamics simulations using classical biomolecular force fields
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Calcium ions (Ca2+) play key roles in various fundamental biological processes such as cell signaling and brain function. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to study such interactions, however, the accuracy of the Ca2+ models provided by the standard MD force fields has not been rigorously tested. Here, we assess the performance of the Ca2+ models from the most popular classical force fields AMBER and CHARMM by computing the osmotic pressure of model compounds and the free energy of DNA–DNA interactions. In the simulations performed using the two standard models, Ca2+ ions are seen to form artificial clusters with chloride, acetate, and phosphate species; the osmotic pressure of CaAc2 and CaCl2 solutions is a small fraction of the experimental values for both force fields. Using the standard parameterization of Ca2+ ions in the simulations of Ca2+‐mediated DNA–DNA interactions leads to qualitatively wrong outcomes: both AMBER and CHARMM simulations suggest strong inter‐DNA attraction whereas, in experiment, DNA molecules repel one another. The artificial attraction of Ca2+ to DNA phosphate is strong enough to affect the direction of the electric field‐driven translocation of DNA through a solid‐state nanopore. To address these shortcomings of the standard Ca2+ model, we introduce a custom model of a hydrated Ca2+ ion and show that using our model brings the results of the above MD simulations in quantitative agreement with experiment. Our improved model of Ca2+ can be readily applied to MD simulations of various biomolecular systems, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipid bilayer membranes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 752–763, 2016. 相似文献
14.
The tellurium oxyanion TeO32− has been used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by mycobacteria. However, many pathogenic bacteria show tellurite resistance. Several tellurite resistance genes have been identified, and these genes mediate responses to diverse extracellular stimuli, but the mechanisms underlying their functions are unknown. To shed light on the function of KP-TerD, a 20.5 -kDa tellurite resistance protein from a plasmid of Klebsiella pneumoniae, we have determined its three-dimensional structure in solution using NMR spectroscopy. KP-TerD contains a β-sandwich formed by two five-stranded β-sheets and six short helices. The structure exhibits two negative clusters in loop regions on the top of the sandwich, suggesting that KP-TerD may bind metal ions. Indeed, thermal denaturation experiments monitored by circular dichroism and NMR studies reveal that KP-TerD binds Ca2+. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy shows that the binding ratio of KP-TerD to Ca2+ is 1:2. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) titrations of Ca2+-saturated KP-TerD monitored by one-dimensional NMR yield estimated dissociation constants of 18 and 200 nM for the two Ca2+-binding sites of KP-TerD. NMR structures incorporating two Ca2+ ions define a novel bipartite Ca2+-binding motif that is predicted to be highly conserved in TerD proteins. Moreover, these Ca2+-binding sites are also predicted to be present in two additional tellurite resistance proteins, TerE and TerZ. These results suggest that some form of Ca2+ signaling plays a crucial role in tellurite resistance and in other responses of bacteria to multiple external stimuli that depend on the Ter genes. 相似文献
15.
Elizabeth Zubrzycka-Gaarn Glen MacDonald Laurie Phillips Annelise O. Jorgensen David H. MacLennan 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1984,16(5-6):441-464
In order to determine whether polymorphic forms of the Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase exist, we have examined the cross-reactivity of five monoclonal antibodies prepared against the rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum enzyme with proteins from microsomal fractions isolated from a variety of muscle and nonmuscle tissues. All of the monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted in immunoblots against rat skeletal muscle Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase but they cross-reacted differentially with the enzyme from chicken skeletal muscle. No cross-reactivity was observed with the Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase of lobster skeletal muscle. The pattern of antibody cross-reactivity with a 100,000 dalton protein from sarcoplasmic reticulum and microsomes isolated from various muscle and nonmuscle tissues of rabbit demonstrated the presence of common epitopes in multiple polymorphic forms of the Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase. One of the monoclonal antibodies prepared against the purified Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was found to cross-react with calsequestrin and with a series of other Ca2+-binding proteins and their proteolytic fragments. Its cross-reactivity was enhanced in the presence of EGTA and diminished in the presence of Ca2+. Its lack of cross-reactivity with proteins that do not bind Ca2+ suggests that it has specificity for antigenic determinants that make up the Ca2+-binding sites in several Ca2+-binding proteins including the Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase.This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. David E. Green. 相似文献
16.
M. Sundaralingam R. Bergstrom G. Strasburg S. T. Rao P. Roychowdhury M. Greaser B. C. Wang 《Journal of biosciences》1985,8(1-2):451-460
Troponin C is the Ca2+-binding subunit of the troponin complex and is involved in the calcium control of muscle contraction. The X-ray structure of chicken TnC has been determined at 3Å resolution using a single heavy atom derivative and application of a novel phase improvement and phase extension procedure. The protein has an unusual dumbbell-shape with a length of about 70A. The N- and C-domains are connected by a single long α-helix of about 9 turns. Two metal binding sites (the Ca2+-Mg2+ sites) in the C-domain are occupied by metal ions in the crystals and the helix-loop-helix Ca2+ -binding folds are very similar to those in other known Ca2+ -binding proteins. In contrast, the Ca2+ -specific sites in the N-domain appear unoccupied and the two putative Ca2+ -binding folds have a vastly different structural arrangement. The conformational rearrangements in the N-domain upon Ca2+ binding are believed to be the trigger for a cascade of protein-protein interaction alterations which lead to muscle contraction. 相似文献
17.
18.
Bradley J. Benson Walter Kisiel Donald J. Hanahan 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》1973,329(1):81-87
Intermediate 1 (55 000 daltons) and Fragment 1 (25 000 daltons), resulting from the action of bovine Factor Xa or thrombin on bovine Factor II (75 000 daltons), have been examined for their carbohydate content, N-terminal amino acid and Ca2+ - binding properties. On a weight percent basis, Fragment 1 contained almost three times the sialic acid and neutral hexoses found in Factor II, whereas Intermediate 1 gave values approx. 50% of those observed for Factor II. N-Terminal analyses revealed that Fragment 1 was the N-terminal portion of Factor II. Of interest and importance, Intermediate 1 was found not to binf Ca2+ over a wide range of Ca2+ concentrations, whereas both Factor II and Fragment 1 readily bound Ca2+ at pH 7 with 10 and 12–15 ligand-binding sites, respectively. At pH 7.0, dissociation constants of 6.3 · 10?4 M and 6.8 · 10?4 M were calculated for Factor II and Fragment I, respectively. The binding of Ca2+ to these proteins did not appear to be cooperative. Removal of sialic acid from Factor II by neuraminidase had no significant effect on the Ca2+ -binding characteristics of this protein. These results suggest that all of the Ca2+ -binding sites of bovine Factor II reside in the Fragment 1 portion of this factor. 相似文献
19.
R. John Solaro Saleh C. El-Salehl Jon C. Kentish 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1989,89(2):163-167
When the (pHi) surrounding myofilaments of striated muscle is reduced there is an inhibition of both the actin-myosin reaction as well as the Ca2+-sensitivity of the myofilaments. Although the mechanism for the effect of acidic pH on Ca2+-sensitivity has been controversial, we have evidence for the hypothesis that acidic pH reduces the affinity of troponin C (TNC) for Ca2+. This effect of acidic pH depends not only on a direct effect of protons on Ca2+-binding to TNC, but also upon neighboring thin filament proteins, especially TNI, the inhibitory component of the TN complex. Using flourescent probes that report Ca2+-binding to the regulatory sites of skeletal and cardiac TNC, we have shown, for example, that acidic pH directly decreases the Ca2+-affinity of TNC, but only by a relatively small amount. However, with TNC in whole TN or in the TNI-TNC complex, there is about a 2-fold enhancement of the effects of acidic pH on Ca2+-binding to TNC. Acidic pH decreases the affinity of skeletal TNI for skeletal TNC, and also influences the micro-environment of a probe postioned at Cys-133 of TNI, a region of interaction with TNC. Other evidence that the effects of acidic pH on Ca2+-TNC activation of myofilaments are influenced by TNI comes from studies with developing hearts. In contrast, to the case with the adult preparations, Ca2+-activation of detergent extracted fibers prepared from dog or rat hearts in the peri-natal period are weakly affected by a drop in pH from 7.0 to 6.5. This difference in the effect of acidic (pHi) appears to be due to a difference in the isoform population of TNI, and not to differences in isotype population or amount of TNC. 相似文献
20.
Zhenhui Chen Brandy L. Akin Larry R. Jones 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(5):3253-3260
Phospholamban (PLB) inhibits the activity of SERCA2a, the Ca2+-ATPase in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, by decreasing the apparent affinity of the enzyme for Ca2+. Recent cross-linking studies have suggested that PLB binding and Ca2+ binding to SERCA2a are mutually exclusive. PLB binds to the E2 conformation of the Ca2+-ATPase, preventing formation of E1, the conformation that binds two Ca2+ (at sites I and II) with high affinity and is required for ATP hydrolysis. Here we determined whether Ca2+ binding to site I, site II, or both sites is sufficient to dissociate PLB from the Ca2+ pump. Seven SERCA2a mutants with amino acid substitutions at Ca2+-binding site I (E770Q, T798A, and E907Q), site II (E309Q and N795A), or both sites (D799N and E309Q/E770Q) were made, and the effects of Ca2+ on N30C-PLB cross-linking to Lys328 of SERCA2a were measured. In agreement with earlier reports with the skeletal muscle Ca2+-ATPase, none of the SERCA2a mutants (except E907Q) hydrolyzed ATP in the presence of Ca2+; however, all were phosphorylatable by Pi to form E2P. Ca2+ inhibition of E2P formation was observed only in SERCA2a mutants retaining site I. In cross-linking assays, strong cross-linking between N30C-PLB and each Ca2+-ATPase mutant was observed in the absence of Ca2+. Importantly, however, micromolar Ca2+ inhibited PLB cross-linking only to mutants retaining a functional Ca2+-binding site I. The dynamic equilibrium between Ca2+ pumps and N30C-PLB was retained by all mutants, demonstrating normal regulation of cross-linking by ATP, thapsigargin, and anti-PLB antibody. From these results we conclude that site I is the key Ca2+-binding site regulating the physical association between PLB and SERCA2a. 相似文献