共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
G. R. Tortella O. Rubilar L. Gianfreda E. Valenzuela M. C. Diez 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(12):2805-2818
This work presents a preliminary report of a series of studies on the ability of several indigenous wood-rotting fungi from
Chile to produce hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes and the evaluation of these native microorganism to future research on
potential applications in bioremediation programs. Wood-rotting Basidiomycete fungi were collected from indigenous hardwood
forest in the South of Chile. Twenty-eight strains were identified and qualitative enzymatic tests for peroxidases, laccase,
tyrosinase, xylanase and cellulase production were performed in solid medium. Eleven selected strains were evaluated in liquid
medium to quantify their ligninolytic enzyme production and their capacity to grow in solid medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenol
(2,4-DCF), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCF) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). PCP degradation and ligninolytic enzymes production
were also evaluated in liquid medium. Results showed that laccase was present in 28 of the selected strains (≈73%). Peroxidase
was present in 40% and cellulase in 37% of the strains. Xilanase and tyrosinase were obtained in a smaller percentage in the
strains (28% and 7%, respectively). The 11 selected strains showed high concentrations of lignin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese
peroxidase (MnP). Anthracophyllum discolor (Sp4), produced LiP and MnP at 90.3 and MnP 125.5 U L−1 respectively, compared to the control fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium CECT-2798 that produced 58.1 and 118.4 U L−1 of LiP and MnP. Tolerance test showed that native Chilean fungi did not present high tolerance to 2,4,6-TCF and PCP but were
quite tolerant to 25 and 50 mg L−1 of 2,4-DCF. However, pre-acclimatization in 2,4-DCP notably improved the growth in medium with 2,4,6-TCP and PCP. PCP in
liquid medium was efficiently degraded by the fungi Anthracophyllum discolor, Lenzites betulina (Ru-30) and Galerina patagónica (Sp3), and the major MnP activity was produced by A. discolor (Sp4) (67 U L−1). 相似文献
2.
Christiane Liers Caroline Bobeth Marek Pecyna René Ullrich Martin Hofrichter 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2010,85(6):1869-1879
The jelly fungus Auricularia auricula-judae produced an enzyme with manganese-independent peroxidase activity during growth on beech wood (∼300 U l−1). The same enzymatic activity was detected and produced at larger scale in agitated cultures comprising of liquid, plant-based
media (e.g. tomato juice suspensions) at levels up to 8,000 U l−1. Two pure peroxidase forms (A. auricula-judae peroxidase (AjP I and AjP II) could be obtained from respective culture liquids by three chromatographic steps. Spectroscopic
and electrophoretic analyses of the purified proteins revealed their heme and peroxidase nature. The N-terminal amino acid
sequence of AjP matched well with sequences of fungal enzymes known as “dye-decolorizing peroxidases”. Homology was found
to the N-termini of peroxidases from Marasmius scorodonius (up to 86%), Thanatephorus cucumeris (60%), and Termitomyces albuminosus (60%). Both enzyme forms catalyzed not only the conversion of typical peroxidase substrates such as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate) but also the decolorization of the high-redox potential dyes Reactive Blue 5
and Reactive Black 5, whereas manganese(II) ions (Mn2+) were not oxidized. Most remarkable, however, is the finding that both AjPs oxidized nonphenolic lignin model compounds (veratryl
alcohol; adlerol, a nonphenolic β-O-4 lignin model dimer) at low pH (maximum activity at pH 1.4), which indicates a certain ligninolytic activity of dye-decolorizing
peroxidases. 相似文献
3.
The agaric basidiomycete Clitocybula dusenii was used for the production of the extracellular ligninolytic enzyme, manganese (Mn) peroxidase. An immobilization technique
is described using cellulose and polypropylene as carrier for the fungal mycelium. High amounts of Mn peroxidase were obtained
with agitated cultures of immobilized fungus (up to 3,000 U l−1) while the biomass was recovered and used for further production cycles. Purification of Mn peroxidase revealed the existence
of two forms: MnP1 (molecular mass 43 kDa, pI 4.5) and MnP2 (42 kDa, pI 3.8).
Received: 30 July 1999 / Received revision: 1 December 1999 / Accepted: 3 December 1999 相似文献
4.
Saparrat Mario Carlos Nazareno Martínez María Jesús Tournier Horacio Alfio Cabello Marta Noemí Arambarri Angélica Margarita 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2000,16(8-9):799-803
A comparative study on the extracellular ligninolytic enzymatic activity of five strains of Fusarium solani in a carbon-limited medium under shaking, revealed a differential production of these enzymes. Aryl alcohol oxidase (AAO)
activity was observed only in the supernatant of strain CLPS no. 568 with levels higher than 57 mU ml−1. Free extracellular laccase activity was detected in strains CLPS nos. 493, 568 and 570, strain no. 568 being the one which
showed the highest activity (over 8.6 mU ml−1). Free extracellular lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity was not detected in any isolate tested, whereas low levels of manganese-dependent
peroxidase (MnP) and manganese-independent peroxidase (MIP) activities were detected in certain isolates used. The AAO activity
of F. solani on primary α-alcohols such as veratryl alcohol, is reported for the first time; this enzyme activity is hydrogen-peroxide
independent. This is also the first report for extracellular MnP and MIP activities of F. solani.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Liu J Zhang Z Liu Z Zhu H Dang H Lu J Cui Z 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2011,13(5):837-844
The aim of this work was to optimize the fermentation parameters in the shake-flask culture of marine bacterium Wangia sp. C52 to increase cold-adapted amylase production using two statistical experimental methods including Plackett–Burman
design, which was applied to find the key ingredients for the best medium composition, and response surface methodology, which
was used to determine the optimal concentrations of these components. The results showed starch, tryptone, and initial pH
had significant effects on the cold-adapted amylase production. A central composite design was then employed to further optimize
these three factors. The experimental results indicated that the optimized composition of medium was 6.38 g L−1 starch, 33.84 g L−1 tryptone, 3.00 g L−1 yeast extract, 30 g L−1 NaCl, 0.60 g L−1 MgSO4 and 0.56 g L−1 CaCl2. The optimized cultivation conditions for amylase production were pH 7.18, a temperature of 20°C, and a shaking speed of
180 rpm. Under the proposed optimized conditions, the amylase experimental yield (676.63 U mL−1) closely matched the yield (685.60 U mL−1) predicted by the statistical model. The optimization of the medium contributed to tenfold higher amylase production than
that of the control in shake-flask experiments. 相似文献
6.
G Feijoo M T Moreira E Roca J M Lema 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1999,23(2):86-90
Manganese peroxidase, MnP, is one of the major ligninolytic enzymes produced by a number of white-rot fungi. The ability of
this enzyme to degrade lignin by the fungus Bjerkanderasp BOS55 has opened its application to related bioprocesses such as recalcitrant-compound degradation and effluent decolorization.
The medium reported to induce MnP production is composed of chemical grade reagents, all with relatively high costs for application
to detoxification purposes. The use of inexpensive sources for MnP production can bring its implementation closer. For this
purpose, dairy residues from cheese processing were considered. MnP production obtained using crude whey as the sole substrate
reached appreciable levels, around 190 U L−1, values comparable to those found with synthetic media (between 175–250 U L−1). Thus, this cheese-processing byproduct can be used as an inexpensive alternative for the large-scale production of MnP.
Received 14 December 1998/ Accepted in revised form 29 April 1999 相似文献
7.
Bettin F Montanari Q Calloni R Gaio TA Silveira MM Dillon AJ 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(1):1-9
Some conditions in media composition for laccases production, such as different sources of carbon and organic nitrogen, antifoams
and a surfactant, were studied in liquid cultures of Pleurotus sajor-caju strain PS-2001. Cultivation with fructose or glucose as carbon sources produced maximum enzyme activities of 37 and 36 U mL−1, respectively. When sucrose was present in the medium, the best results were obtained using 5 g L−1 of this carbohydrate, on the 11th day of the process, attaining laccase titres of 13 U mL−1. In a medium without casein, practically no enzyme was produced during the experiments; among the sources of nitrogen studied,
pure casein led to the highest titres of laccase activity. Different concentrations of pure casein and sucrose were also tested.
As to the different concentrations of casein, the addition of 1.5 g L−1 resulted in the highest titres of laccase activity. Negligible levels of manganese peroxidase activity were also detected
in the culture medium. In low concentrations, polypropylene glycol or silicon-based antifoams and the surfactant Tween 80
have no significant influence on the formation of laccases by P. sajor-caju. However, enhanced concentration of polypropylene glycol negatively affected the production of laccases but favored the titres
in total peroxidases, lignin peroxidase and veratryl alcohol oxidase. 相似文献
8.
Concentration of fungal ligninolytic enzymes by ultrafiltration and their use in distillery effluent decolorization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Extracellular ligninolytic enzymes secreted by seven different fungi grown under solid-state fermentation using agro-residue
as substrate were extracted through successive extractions. In general, most of the enzymes were recovered during first and
second extractions. These extractants were then subjected to ultrafiltration using a 10 kDa membrane for further concentration.
The permeates collected after every filtration and the final retentate were analyzed for protein and enzymes. In all the isolates,
enzyme concentration was maximum in first retentate, which reduced significantly in second, third, and fourth retentate. Maximum
per unit laccase (14.44 U g−1) and MnP production (142.2 U g−1) was observed in Fusarium verticillioides TERIDB16 while maximum LiP production (137.42 U g−1) was in Alternaria gaisen TERIDB6. The retentate was further used for checking its decolorization efficiency of undiluted distillery effluent. The
maximum decolorization (37%) was obtained using the enzyme extract of Pleurotus florida EM1303. 相似文献
9.
Effect of growth substrate,method of fermentation,and nitrogen source on lignocellulose-degrading enzymes production by white-rot basidiomycetes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Elisashvili V Kachlishvili E Penninckx M 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2008,35(11):1531-1538
The exploration of seven physiologically different white rot fungi potential to produce cellulase, xylanase, laccase, and
manganese peroxidase (MnP) showed that the enzyme yield and their ratio in enzyme preparations significantly depends on the
fungus species, lignocellulosic growth substrate, and cultivation method. The fruit residues were appropriate growth substrates
for the production of hydrolytic enzymes and laccase. The highest endoglucanase (111 U ml−1) and xylanase (135 U ml−1) activities were revealed in submerged fermentation (SF) of banana peels by Pycnoporus coccineus. In the same cultivation conditions Cerrena maxima accumulated the highest level of laccase activity (7,620 U l−1). The lignified materials (wheat straw and tree leaves) appeared to be appropriate for the MnP secretion by majority basidiomycetes.
With few exceptions, SF favored to hydrolases and laccase production by fungi tested whereas SSF was appropriate for the MnP
accumulation. Thus, the Coriolopsis polyzona hydrolases activity increased more than threefold, while laccase yield increased 15-fold when tree leaves were undergone
to SF instead SSF. The supplementation of nitrogen to the control medium seemed to have a negative effect on all enzyme production
in SSF of wheat straw and tree leaves by Pleurotus ostreatus. In SF peptone and ammonium containing salts significantly increased C. polyzona and Trametes versicolor hydrolases and laccase yields. However, in most cases the supplementation of media with additional nitrogen lowered the fungi
specific enzyme activities. Especially strong repression of T. versicolor MnP production was revealed. 相似文献
10.
White-rot fungi are extensively used in various submerged biotechnology processes to produce ligninolytic enzymes. Transfer
of the process from the laboratory to the industrial level requires optimization of the cultivation conditions on the laboratory
scale. An interesting area of optimization is pellet growth since this morphological form solves problems such as the decreased
oxygen concentration, limited heat, and nutrient transport, which usually occur in dispersed mycelium cultures. Many submerged
fermentations with basidiomycetes in pellet form were done with Phanerochaete, Trametes, and Bjerkandera species, among others. In our study, another promising basidiomycete, D. squalens, was used for ligninolytic enzyme production. With the addition of wood particles (sawdust) as a natural inducer and optimization
of mixing and aeration conditions in laboratory stirred tank (STR) and bubble column (BCR) reactors on pellet growth and morphology,
the secretion of laccase and the manganese-dependent peroxidase into the medium was substantially enhanced. The maximum mean
pellet radius was achieved after 10 days in the BCR (5.1 mm) where pellets were fluffy and 5 days in the STR (3.5 mm) where
they were round and smooth. The maximum Lac activity (1,882 U l−1) was obtained after 12 days in the STR, while maximum MnP activity (449.8 U l−1) occurred after 18 days in the BCR. The pellet size and morphology depended on the agitation and aeration conditions and
consequently influenced a particular enzyme synthesis. The enzyme activities were high and comparable with the activities
found for other investigations in reactors with basidiomycetes in the form of pellets. 相似文献
11.
Kameshnee Naidoo Manimaran Ayyachamy Kugen Permaul Suren Singh 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2009,32(5):689-695
Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli produced an extracellular endoinulinase (9.24 ± 0.03 U mL−1) in an optimized medium comprising of 3% sucrose and 2.5% tryptone. X. campestris pv. phaseoli was further subjected to ethylmethanesulfonate mutagenesis and the resulting mutant, X. campestris pv. phaseoli KM 24 demonstrated inulinase production of 22.09 ± 0.03 U mL−1 after 18 h, which was 2.4-fold higher than that of the wild type. Inulinase production by this mutant was scaled up using
sucrose as a carbon source in a 5-L fermenter yielding maximum volumetric (21,865 U L−1 h−1) and specific (119,025 U g−1 h−1) productivities of inulinase after 18 h with an inulinase/invertase ratio of 2.6. A maximum FOS production of 11.9 g L−1 h−1 and specific productivity of 72 g g−1 h−1 FOS from inulin were observed in a fermenter, when the mutant was grown on medium containing 3% inulin and 2.5% tryptone.
The detection of mono- and oligosaccharides in inulin hydrolysates by TLC analysis indicated the presence of an endoinulinase.
This mutant has potential for large-scale production of inulinase and fructooligosaccharides. 相似文献
12.
Forty-six pulp-bleaching fungi were screened for production of key enzymes for conversion of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins—lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and manganese-independent peroxidase (MiP)—under various conditions that would allow their utilization in the environment. Of 38 MnP-producing strains with MiP activity, 22 produced LiP. Three of the new isolates, Bjerkandera sp. strains MS191, MS325, and MS1167, were the best producers of the three different peroxidases, and had reasonable growth rates. The most promising Bjerkandera sp. strain, MS325, exhibited significant levels of LiP and MnP activities under various conditions, e.g., nutrient nitrogen-sufficient or -limited conditions, conditions with or without Mn(II), and changes in temperature (15–37°C). Furthermore, the ability of this strain to degrade 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was confirmed. The results presented here indicate that utilization of Bjerkandera sp. strain MS325 on a practical scale in the environment has several advantages over many white rot fungi, which produce extracellular peroxidases only under specific conditions such as nutrient limitation. 相似文献
13.
Chen XS Li S Liao LJ Ren XD Li F Tang L Zhang JH Mao ZG 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2011,34(5):561-567
The production of ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL) by Streptomyces sp. M-Z18 from glycerol was investigated in a 5-L jar-fermenter. Batch fermentations by Streptomyces sp. M-Z18 at various pH values ranging from 3.5 to 4.5 were studied. Based on the analysis of the time course of specific
cell growth rate and specific ε-PL formation rate, a novel two-stage pH control strategy was developed to improve ε-PL production
by shifting the culture pH from 3.5 to 3.8 after 36 h of cultivation. By applying the strategy, the maximal ε-PL concentration
and productivity had a significant improvement and reached 9.13 g L−1 and 4.76 g L−1 day−1, respectively, compared with those in one-stage pH control process where the pH value is controlled at 3.5 (7.83 g L−1 and 3.13 g L−1 day−1). Fed-batch fermentation with two-stage pH control strategy was also applied to produce ε-PL; final ε-PL concentration of
30.11 g L−1 was obtained, being 3.3-fold greater than that of batch fermentation. To our knowledge, it is the first report on production
of ε-PL from glycerol in fermenter scale and achievement of high ε-PL production with two-stage pH control strategy. 相似文献
14.
Cui Fengjie Li Yin Liu Zhiqiang Zhao Hui Ping Lifeng Ping Liying Yang Yinan Xue Yaping Yan Lijiao 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(4):721-725
The objective of this study was to maximize production of xylanase by a newly isolated strain Penicillium thiersii ZH-19. Response surface methodology was employed to study the effects of significant factors such as pH, temperature, xylan
concentration, and cultivation time, on the production of xylanase by Penicillium thiersii ZH-19. The optimal fermentation parameters for enhanced xylanase production were found to be pH 7.72, temperature 24.8°C, xylan
13.2 g l−1 and the fermentation time 125.8 h. The model predicted a xylanase activity of 75.24 U ml−1. Verification of the optimization showed that the maximum xylanase production reached 73.50 U mL−1 in the flask experiments and 80.23 U mL−1 in the scale of 15-L fermenter under the optimal condition. 相似文献
15.
Luo LH Seo JW Baek JO Oh BR Heo SY Hong WK Kim DH Kim CH 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,89(3):697-703
Although the de novo biosynthetic mechanism of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) in glycerol-fermenting microorganisms is still
unclear, the propanediol utilization protein (PduP) of Lactobacillus species has been suggested to be a key enzyme in this regard. To verify this hypothesis, a pduP gene from Lactobacillus reuteri was cloned and expressed, and the encoded protein was characterized. Recombinant L. reuteri PduP exhibited broad substrate specificity including 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and utilized both NAD+ and NADP+ as a cofactor. Among various aldehyde substrates tested, the specific activity was highest for propionaldehyde, at pH 7.8
and 37 °C. The K
m and V
max values for propionaldehyde in the presence of NAD+ were 1.18 mM and 0.35 U mg−1, respectively. When L. reuteri pduP was overexpressed in Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3-HP production remarkably increased as compared to the wild-type strain (from 0.18 g L−1 to 0.72 g L−1) under shake-flask culture conditions, and the highest titer (1.38 g L−1 3-HP) was produced by the recombinant strain under batch fermentation conditions in a bioreactor. This is the first report
stating the enzymatic properties of PduP protein and the probable role in biosynthesis of 3-HP in glycerol fermentation. 相似文献
16.
Hong-Yang Zhu Hong Xu Xiao-Yan Dai Yang Zhang Han-Jie Ying Ping-Kai Ouyang 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2010,33(5):565-571
A new yeast, isolated from natural osmophilic sources, produces d-arabitol as the main metabolic product from glucose. According to 18S rRNA analysis, the NH-9 strain belongs to the genus
Kodamaea. The optimal culture conditions for inducing production of d-arabitol were 37 °C, neutral pH, 220 rpm shaking, and 5% inoculum. The yeast produced 81.2 ± 0.67 g L−1
d-arabitol from 200 g L−1
d-glucose in 72 h with a yield of 0.406 g g−1 glucose and volumetric productivity
Q\textP Q_{\text{P}} of 1.128 g L−1 h−1. Semi-continuous repeated-batch fermentation was performed in shaker-flasks to enhance the process of d-arabitol production by Kodamaea ohmeri NH-9 from d-glucose. Under repeated-batch culture conditions, the highest volumetric productivity was 1.380 g L−1 h−1. 相似文献
17.
Böer E Breuer FS Weniger M Denter S Piontek M Kunze G 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2011,92(1):105-114
Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.20) hydrolyses the ester and depside bonds of gallotannins and gallic acid esters
and is an important industrial enzyme. In the present study, transgenic Arxula adeninivorans strains were optimised for tannase production. Various plasmids carrying one or two expression modules for constitutive expression
of tannase were constructed. Transformant strains that overexpress the ATAN1 gene from the strong A. adeninivorans TEF1 promoter produce levels of up to 1,642 U L−1 when grown in glucose medium in shake flasks. The effect of fed-batch fermentation on tannase productivity was then investigated
in detail. Under these conditions, a transgenic strain containing one ATAN1 expression module produced 51,900 U of tannase activity per litre after 142 h of fermentation at a dry cell weight of 162 g L−1. The highest yield obtained from a transgenic strain with two ATAN1 expression modules was 31,300 U after 232 h at a dry cell weight of 104 g L−1. Interestingly, the maximum achieved yield coefficients [Y(P/X)] for the two strains were essentially identical. 相似文献
18.
The extracellular ligninolytic enzyme system of Pleurotus laciniatocrenatus, grown under different culture conditions, was characterized and the ability of this strain to degrade different components of Eucalyptus globulus wood was determined. In shaken liquid cultures grown on a C-limited medium supplemented with yeast extract (0.1%) and peptone (0.5%), the fungus produced extracellular aryl-alcohol oxidase (Aao), laccase (Lac), manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and manganese-independent peroxidase (MiP) activities, their maximum levels being, respectively, about 600, 50, 1360, and 920 pkat/mL. The supplementation of 1 mmol/L vanillic acid and 150 micromol/L CuSO4 produced an increase of Lac activity levels up to 4-fold and 68.3-fold, respectively. No significant differences were found in the levels of the other ligninolytic enzyme activities when compared to the basal medium. Solid-state fermentation cultures on E. globulus wood chips revealed Lac and MiP activities. These cultures showed degradative activity on lignin and lipophilic wood extractives. 相似文献
19.
Delta-endotoxin production by a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp kurstakion complex media based on crude gruel and fish meal was investigated. High proteolytic activities were concomitantly produced
with the bioinsecticide. In such complex media, the repressive regulation due to readily consumed carbon sources was partially
overcome. In order to improve substrate assimilation, 0.5 g L−1 sodium chloride and 0.1% Tween-80 were supplemented to the production medium, increasing delta-endotoxin yields when using
gruel concentrations below 59 g L−1. At and beyond 75 g L−1 gruel, delta-endotoxin yields were not affected in the presence of 0.5 g L−1 NaCl and 0.1% Tween-80, but proteolytic activity yields were remarkably reduced. Thus, the use of sodium chloride and Tween-80
allowed reduction of the initial gruel concentration to 42 g L−1 for the production of 3350 mg L−1 delta-endotoxin, while it was only 3800 mg L−1 with 92 g L−1 gruel. Moreover, similar to 0.5 g L−1 NaCl and 0.1% Tween-80, the use of 10 g L−1 sodium acetate significantly improved delta-endotoxin production and also reduced the proteolytic activity to 250 U ml−1.
Received 05 November 1998/ Accepted in revised form 19 August 1999 相似文献
20.
Treichel H Mazutti MA Maugeri Filho F Rodrigues MI 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2009,32(4):425-433
The present work aimed to study the viability of the use of sugarcane molasses and corn steep liquor (CSL) in a sequential
inulinase production performing an up-stream pretreatment of these agroindustrial residues. A sequential strategy was used
applying three central composite rotatable designs (CCRDs) to optimise medium composition, followed by a down-stream step.
The medium containing 150 g L−1 molasses, 50 g L−1 CSL and 6 g L−1 yeast extract, yielded a maximum inulinase production of 1,294 ± 7 U mL−1, after 72 h of fermentation. A down-stream evaluation was carried out using an expanded bed of Streamline DAE resin (Pharmacia),
with and without the up-stream treatment. The results showed that the enzyme could not be recovered from the non-pretreated
medium, whereas a yield of 91% was obtained in the adsorption stage from the medium prepared with the up-stream treatment,
showing the viability of producing the enzyme inulinase from agroindustrial residues using the integrated process. 相似文献