瓜尔豆中的蛋白质与胰蛋白酶抑制剂

瓜尔豆(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)是一种重要的胶类和半乳甘露聚糖资源,具有多种工业用途。瓜尔豆在提取瓜尔胶后,留下的子叶部分含丰富的蛋白质(38～55％),可作动物或家禽的饲料。然而,据报导,用瓜尔饼作饲料会造成家禽生长缓慢,甚至引起死亡。人们认为这是由于瓜尔饼中含胰蛋白酶抑制剂、血胶精和皂角甙。     

增稠剂在油炸方便面中的应用研究

作为增稠剂的酯化淀粉、瓜尔豆胶对方便面品质的改善起到了重要作用,本文就玉米酯化淀粉、马铃薯酯化淀粉、马铃薯酯化淀粉和瓜尔豆胶复合使用在油炸方便面中的应用效果进行探讨。     

利用转基因技术生产瓜尔豆胶

AgBiotech 2004年21卷4期6页报道：瓜尔豆胶又称长角豆胶,富含半乳甘露聚糖,是一种传统使用的增稠剂、稳定剂和胶凝剂。瓜尔豆胶常作为添加剂,广泛用于化妆品工业、纺织工业、保健品工业和造纸工业。瓜尔豆胶有保持水分、乳化和保持松脆性等作用。例如可防止冰淇淋中冰晶的形成,可使洗发剂具有光滑性能和产生丝状光泽。亦常用于制造口香糖。     

瓜尔豆和跌打豆的核型分析

本文报道了豆科瓜尔豆和旋花科跌打豆的染色体数目及核型．结果表明：瓜尔豆的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６。核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１４ｍ＋２８ｍ,有７对具中部着丝点染色体和１对具近中部着丝点染色体。跌打豆的核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３０ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,全部由具中部着丝点染色体组成。按Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ的分类标准,二者均属１Ａ类型。     

马铃薯挤压重组米品质改良剂配方优化

为提高马铃薯挤压重组米品质,选用单甘酯、海藻酸钠和瓜尔豆胶作为品质改良剂,以马铃薯挤压重组米综合评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化得到马铃薯挤压重组米品质改良剂配方。结果表明:3种改良剂对马铃薯挤压重组米品质影响的大小顺序为:瓜尔豆胶单甘酯海藻酸钠;最佳品质改良剂配方为:单甘酯添加量0.3%,海藻酸钠添加量0.4%,瓜尔豆胶添加量0.4%。此时马铃薯挤压重组米综合评分可达85.97,明显高于对照样品的综合评分72.80,说明此品质改良剂能够明显提高马铃薯挤压重组米的品质。     

五种豆科种子胚乳细胞的微观结构的比较

运用光学显微镜和电子显微镜分别对胡芦巴、野皂荚、皂荚、瓜尔豆、塔拉豆等五种豆科种子内胚乳细胞的形态、大小、壁厚等微观结构进行了观察比较。研究结果表明：五种种子内胚乳细胞壁几乎完全由胶状的透明的半乳甘露聚糖所填充,细胞的形态、大小差异较大,瓜尔豆、塔拉豆的内胚乳细胞呈球形或近球形;胡芦巴内胚乳细胞为多角形或多角椭圆形,它们细胞壁界限清晰,细胞排列整齐有规律;皂荚、野皂荚则为不规则的长椭球形,细胞壁彼此连接成片,界限模糊。一般地说：当细胞壁壁厚小于4μm时,胚乳胶粉中的水不溶物含量较低,1％浓度的胶液的粘度较高,而当壁厚大于4μm时,情况反之。本文的研究目的是为植物胶生产、加工提供一定的细胞学方面的依据。     

瓜尔豆不同品种抗霜冻性与酯酶同工酶的关系分析

对瓜尔豆10个品种酯酶（EST）同工酶分析及抗霜冻性测试表明,酯酶同工酶带数及酶活性在品种间有明显差异．抗霜冻性强的品种同工酶带数多、活性高,其中品种G1抗霜冻性最强,且具有1条特异EST同工酶带。     

瓜尔豆的引种驯化研究

瓜尔豆(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(L.)Taub.)原产热带非洲,目前主要栽培于印度、巴基斯坦的干旱和半干旱地区,瓜尔豆种子胚乳中含有的半乳甘露聚糖是优质的凝胶材料,广泛用于石油、采矿、纺织、造纸、医药及食品等工业,是现代工业用胶的重要来源。 我们于1974年开始从国外引入试种,经过数年来的引种驯化及大面积生产试种,目前已在云南省元谋、保山、昌宁、龙陵、元江、峨山、蒙自、开远、勐腊、景洪等县试种成功。亩产可高达200—240斤,初步建立了生产基地,为发展我国瓜尔胶生产作了一个良好的开端。     

我国三种半乳甘露聚糖胶粉比较研究

本文阐述了瓜尔豆胶、胡芦巴胶、田菁胶的胶粉形态及其１％基液粘度、冷水不溶物的情况,讨论了它们之间的差异,为不同胶粉的粉未鉴定提供了一些基础资料。并指出胡芦巴胶粉冷水不溶物低,对其化学改性十分有利。     

改性瓜尔胶的研究进展

瓜尔胶是一种天然的半乳甘露聚糖,广泛用于食品、日化、医药等行业.改性瓜尔胶的性能具有较大改善,近年来瓜尔胶的改性研究成为热点.论述了瓜尔胶结构和性质以及改性瓜尔胶的研究进展,为瓜尔胶进一步开发研究提供参考.     

瓜尔豆种皮酶解提取物抗氧化性研究

以3种蛋白酶对瓜尔豆种皮活性肽进行酶解分离,通过总抗氧化能力测定,筛选出木瓜蛋白酶水解提取物总抗氧化能力最强,分别为碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解提取物的1．95倍和3．34倍。在清除超氧阴离子自由基的测定中,木瓜蛋白酶水解提取物也表现出较强的清除能力,清除率随水解溶液浓度的增加呈正量效关系,当溶液浓度为5．45mg/mL时,清除率达43．37％。通过实验证实瓜尔豆种皮酶解提取物与大豆多肽一样有较强的抗氧化能力。     

Chemical or enzymatic deglycosylation and germination abrogates the inhibitory activity of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba trypsin inhibitor

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology - A glycosylated heat stable trypsin chymotrypsin inhibitor was isolated from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba seeds. It is being reported for the first time...     

First Insights into the Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) Genome of the ‘Vavilovskij 130’ Accession,Using Second and Third-Generation Sequencing Technologies

Russian Journal of Genetics - Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is becoming a popular industrial crop in response to industry demand for the guar gum extracted from seeds’ endosperm....     

Silent metabolism and not-so-silent biological activity: possible molecular mechanisms of stress response in edible desert legumes

Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology - In the arid/semi-arid regions of India, there are many legumes often growing in the wild like Prosopis cineraria, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and...     

Isolation and characterization of mutants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas maltophila</Emphasis> PM-4 altered in chitinolytic activity and antagonistic activity against root rot pathogens of clusterbean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</Emphasis>)

Pseudomonas maltophila PM-4, an antagonist of pathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia bataticola, R. solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum associated with root rot of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) was mutagenized with Tn5. Hyperchitinase producing mutants showing large zone of colloidal chitin dissolution were identified on medium containing calcoflor dye as an indicator. A mutant P-48 producing 137% higher chitinase activity than the parent strain PM-4 was identified. Seed bacterization of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) with P-48 controlled the root rot upto 40.8% in the presence of conglomerate of all the four fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia bataticola, R. solani, F. oxysporum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.     

On the Ordered Development of Plants 3. Branching by the Grain Legume Cyamopsis tetragonoloba(Guar)

Two selections of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)with contrasting branching patterns were grown at three plantdensities at two times of the year. The numbers of growing vegetativemeristems (branches and main stems) per unit ground area atthe start of reproductive growth were linearly related to theamount of the incident light energy intercepted by the differentcrops of each selection. The data were consistent with the hypothesisthat each vegetative meristem required a minimum assimilateflux to continue growth and, further, that meristems on thehighly branching selection required approximately one-quarterof the assimilate flux required by vegetative meristems on therelatively non-branching selection. The effect of increasingplant density in reducing branching by individual plants ofa particular selection was also consistent with this hypothesis. The hypothesis accounted quantitatively for the observed three-dimensionaldistribution of vegetative meristems through the volumes ofcrop canopies at each of the three plant densities. The implicationsof this analysis to the field performance of crops comprisingplants with different branching patterns are discussed. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, guar, branching, grain legume, crop, morphology     

Isolation and structural elucidation of a triterpenoid saponin from guar,Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

A new saponin has been isolated from the methanolic extract of the seed meal of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba and its structure elucidated as 3-O-{[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-     

Removal of browning and growth enhancement by polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in protoplast cultures ofCyamopsis tetragonoloba L.

The occurrence of browning in protoplast cultures ofCyamopsis tetragonoloba completely inhibited the growth of protoplast derived colonies. Of the various additives employed to counteract the problem of browning and subsequent necrosis, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was found most effective. Simultaneous addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to the protoplast culture medium accentuated the effect of PVPP and also improved the frequency of protoplast division.     

An antiviral protein having deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease activity from leaves of the post-flowering stage of Celosia cristata

An antiviral protein named CCP-27 was purified from the leaves of Celosia cristata at the post-flowering stage by anion-exchange, cation-exchange, and gel-filtration chromatography. It exhibited resistance against sunnhemp rosette virus in its test host Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. It also exhibited deoxyribonuclease activity against supercoiled pBlueScript SK+ plasmid DNA. It was found to nick supercoiled DNA into nicked circular form at lower protein concentration followed by nicked to linear form conversion at higher protein concentration. CCP-27 also possesses strong ribonuclease activity against Torula yeast rRNA.     

Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV) infectious clone: possible mechanism of 3' and 5' end repair and role of polyprotein processing in viral replication

Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV) is a positive stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Sobemovirus. Construction of an infectious clone is an essential step for deciphering the virus gene functions in vivo. Using Agrobacterium based transient expression system we show that SeMV icDNA is infectious on Sesbania grandiflora and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba plants. The efficiency of icDNA infection was found to be significantly high on Cyamopsis plants when compared to that on Sesbania grandiflora. The coat protein could be detected within 6 days post infiltration in the infiltrated leaves. Different species of viral RNA (double stranded and single stranded genomic and subgenomic RNA) could be detected upon northern analysis, suggesting that complete replication had taken place. Based on the analysis of the sequences at the genomic termini of progeny RNA from SeMV icDNA infiltrated leaves and those of its 3' and 5' terminal deletion mutants, we propose a possible mechanism for 3' and 5' end repair in vivo. Mutation of the cleavage sites in the polyproteins encoded by ORF 2 resulted in complete loss of infection by the icDNA, suggesting the importance of correct polyprotein processing at all the four cleavage sites for viral replication. Complementation analysis suggested that ORF 2 gene products can act in trans. However, the trans acting ability of ORF 2 gene products was abolished upon deletion of the N-terminal hydrophobic domain of polyprotein 2a and 2ab, suggesting that these products necessarily function at the replication site, where they are anchored to membranes.