Expression of the recA gene of Escherichia coli in several species of gram-negative bacteria

Summary A broad host range plasmid containing an operon fusion between the recA and lacZ genes of Escherichia coli was introduced into various aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacteria — 30 species belonging to 20 different genera — to study the expression of the recA gene after DNA damage. These included species of the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Vibrionaceae, Neisseriaceae, Rhodospirillaceae and Azotobacteraceae. Results obtained show that all bacteria tested, except Xanthomonas campestris and those of the genus Rhodobacter, are able to repress and induce the recA gene of E. coli in the absence and in the presence of DNA damage, respectively. All these data indicate that the SOS system is present in bacterial species of several families and that the LexA-binding site must be very conserved in them.     

The cloning of the rorB gene of Escherichia coli

Summary A segment of the Escherichia coli genome which complements the ionising radiation sensitivity of the rorB mutation was cloned into pBR322. This DNA segment also complements the mitomycin C sensitivity of the rorB mutation. The gene was subcloned until defined in a fragment of 1.05 kb. Only one gene product, a protein of approximately 16.5 kDa, was found on maxicell analysis of the various subclones. Iso-electric focusing of this gene product suggests it may function in a complex.     

鸡源大肠杆菌毒力基因检测及分子流行特征

[目的] 本试验旨在阐明鸡源大肠杆菌致病性及分子流行特性,为探索大肠杆菌流行途径制定合理的防控策略提供新思路。[方法] 2018–2019年在河北省采集病死鸡肝脏样品,通过选择培养基筛选、生化鉴定、血清凝集试验对分离菌株进行系统鉴定,应用PCR方法检测分离株中毒力基因流行情况。参考系统发育群分类方法对大肠杆菌进行分群分析,并参照McMLST网站数据库提供的7对管家基因序列进行多位点序列分型（multilocus sequence typing,MLST）分析。[结果] 结果显示,56株分离株符合大肠杆菌生化特征,分为8个生化表型,B4（30.36%）、B5（25%）和B2（23.21%）为主要生化表型。56株分离株大肠杆菌血清凝集试验均呈阳性,分为11种血清型,O₇₈（26.79%）、O₂（23.21%）、O₁₅₇（17.86%）和O₁（14.29%）为主要流行血清型。56株大肠杆菌共检测出15种肠外大肠杆菌毒力基因,未检出papC、ibeA和ibeB基因。黏附相关基因fimC和抗血清存活因子相关基因ompA携带率为100%。aatA、yijP、irp2、mat、iss,检出率分别为98.21%、98.21%、98.21%、96.43%、92.86%。同时,大肠杆菌与铁转运相关基因iroN、fyuA、iucD、irp2检出率均在80%以上。56株大肠杆菌中有20株属于肠出血型大肠杆菌（enterohemorrhagic E.coli,EHEC）,其次是肠聚集型大肠杆菌（enteroaggregative E.coli,EAEC）（n=4）、肠产毒素型大肠杆菌（Enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC）（n=2）。这些菌株D群分离株较多,其次是B2群。通过MLST分型分析,共分为22个ST型,其中ST88（n=7）、ST85（n=6）、ST243（n=6）型为主要流行型。[结论] 结果显示大肠杆菌血清型多样,毒力因子种类繁多,致病性大肠杆菌同时携带多种毒力基因,表明动物源大肠杆菌具有较强的毒力基础。     

Cloning and sequencing of the HU-2 gene of Escherichia coli

Summary The Escherichia coli HU-2 gene was cloned using a DNA fragment from the HU-1 gene as a probe. The amino acid sequence of the HU-2 protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence is in good agreement with the published sequence. The nucleotide sequence has a possible promoter and a typical ribosomal binding site upstream of the translation initiation codon (AUG) and a possible rhoindependent terminater site downstream of the termination codon (UAA) of the gene.     

Properties of RecA441 protein reveal a possible role for RecF and SSB proteins in Escherichia coli

Summary We examined the possibility that the recA441 mutation, which partially suppresses the UV sensitivity of uvr recF mutant bacteria, exerts its effect by coding for an altered RecA protein that competes more efficiently than the RecA⁺ protein with SSB for ssDNA in vivo. Using an assay measuring recombination between UV-damaged DNA and intact homologous DNA, we found that the introduction of the recA441 mutation partially suppressed the defects in recombination in bacteria lacking RecF activity but not in bacteria with excess SSB, although recombination was affected more in recF mutants than in bacteria overproducing SSB. These results therefore do not support the hypothesis that RecA441 protein, or RecA protein with the help of RecF protein, is required during recombination of UV-damaged DNA to compete with SSB for ssDNA.     

Identification of Escherichia coli genes whose expression increases as a function of external pH

Summary Using transposon TnphoA and a plate screening method, we have isolated a set of Escherichia coli strains carrying phoA fusions with genes whose expression is modulated as a function of external pH. Besides fusions with the ompF gene and the malB locus, thirteen independent fusions were analysed whose expression is maximal during growth at pHs ranging from 7.0 to 8.5 and minimal during growth at pH 5.0. Six different genetic loci, called phmA, phmB, phmC, phmD, phmE and phmF (for pH modulated) were characterized and localized on the E. coli chromosome at approx. 12, 18, 41, 45, 75 and 84 min, respectively. Expression of phmA: :phoA fusions is also influenced when internal pH or environmental conditions such as osmolarity or anaerobiosis are modified. EnvZ protein is not involved in the regulation of phm : :phoA fusions.     

利用CRISPRi挖掘大肠杆菌生物合成D-泛酸的关键基因

【目的】D-泛酸(D-pantothenic acid,DPA)是一种重要的功能化合物,被广泛应用于医疗保健、化妆品、动物食品和饲料等领域,具有良好的市场前景及应用。本研究以实验室保藏的大肠杆菌菌株DPAP10为底盘菌株,利用CRISPR干扰(clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats interference,CRISPRi)技术,筛选影响工程菌株DPA生物合成的内源性基因靶点。【方法】构建了p Target和pd Cas9的双质粒CRISPRi系统,可以实现对基因单个或组合表达抑制,摇瓶发酵检测基因抑制对DPA合成的影响;通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-q PCR)检测了基因抑制后的转录水平;通过高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)检测了中间代谢物分析代谢通路变化。【结果】成功从126个靶基因中筛选得到5个显著影响DPA合成的关键...     

基因编辑技术对大肠杆菌yjjW基因点突变的两步法策略

[目的]为了实现对大肠杆菌靶基因的点突变,本研究将同源重组系统与CRISPR-Cas9技术相结合,探索一种高效、简捷的两步法策略.[方法]将靶基因的上下游同源臂和标记基因(amp)与pKOV质粒连接,获得pKOV-HR重组质粒.将pKOV-HR转化至大肠杆菌,借助其自身RecA重组系统,介导DNA发生同源重组,获得靶基...     

大肠杆菌的耐酸机制及其改造研究进展

微生物细胞在自然环境或工业应用中经常受到酸胁迫,严重制约细胞生长性能和产物合成效率。为了在各种酸性环境中生存,耐酸细菌发展出多种保护机制来维持细胞内pH稳态,如氢离子消耗、细胞膜保护、代谢修饰等。因此,深入研究耐酸机制、改进菌株耐酸能力对于利用微生物发酵合成高附加值产品具有重要意义。作为模式微生物,大肠杆菌耐酸机制的研究较为透彻,近年来其耐酸性改造也取得了重大进展。本文主要总结了大肠杆菌的氧化或葡萄糖抑制系统(acid resistance system 1, AR1)、谷氨酸依赖型耐酸系统(acid resistance system 2, AR2)、精氨酸依赖型耐酸系统(acid resistance system 3, AR3)、赖氨酸依赖型耐酸系统(acid resistance system 4, AR4)和鸟氨酸依赖型耐酸系统(acid resistance system 5, AR5)、细胞膜保护以及生物大分子修复等方面的耐酸机制,并概述了利用传统代谢工程、全局转录工程和适应性实验室进化等方法构建大肠杆菌耐酸菌株的研究进展,同时展望了大肠杆菌耐酸机制及其改造的后续研究方向...     

大肠埃希菌生物被膜基因调控研究进展

大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)是一种兼性厌氧、有鞭毛的革兰氏阴性短杆菌,常寄生于人和动物肠道内,是常见的人畜共患病病原之一。大肠埃希菌易形成生物被膜,这是一种由细菌群落分泌能够包裹自身的胞外基质与细菌结合形成的特殊聚集体,也是临床细菌感染疾病难以治愈的主要原因。生物被膜的形成不仅帮助细菌逃避宿主的防御系统,还可以降低或阻止药物发挥作用,从而诱发生物被膜相关感染(biofilm-associated infections, BAI)。本文从生物被膜形成的基因调控系统和相关调控蛋白等角度,归纳总结调控大肠埃希菌生物被膜形成的分子机制,并对防治BAI的策略进行了概述,为寻找合适的药物靶点以及防治BAI提供参考。     

和厚朴酚对大肠埃希氏菌生物被膜形成的抑制机制

【目的】研究不同浓度的和厚朴酚(honokiol)抑制大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)的供试菌株10389生物被膜(biofilm,BF)形成的作用机制。【方法】用氯化三苯基四氮唑比色法(TTC)和四唑盐减低法(XTT)测定honokiol抑制E.coli10389生物被膜形成的药物最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)及其抑制作用与时间的关系;通过qRT-PCR法检测不同浓度的honokiol对E. coli 10389生物被膜形成基因和群体感应系统相关基因表达量的影响;通过生物发光法和qRT-PCR法检测亚-MIC honokiol对E. coli 10389呋喃糖基硼酸二酯(AI-2)及其调控的与生物被膜形成相关的下游基因表达量的影响。【结果】Honokiol能抑制E.coli10389生物被膜的形成,但不同浓度的honokiol抑制E. coli 10389 BF形成的作用机制不同。其中,与对照组相比,MIC的honokiol能使E. coli 10389 BF形成相关基因编码毒素(hha)和细菌酸性调节因子(ari R) mRNA的表达量显著提高,抗毒素...     

New killing system controlled by two genes located immediately upstream of the mukB gene in Escherichia coli

The nucleotide sequence was determined of the region upstream of the mukB gene of Escherichia coli. Two new genes were found, designated kicA and kicB (killing of cell); the gene order is kicB-kicA-mukB. Promoter activities were detected in the regions immediately upstream of kicB and kicA, but not in front of mukB. Gene disruption experiments revealed that the kicA disruptant was nonviable, but the kicB-disrupted mutant and the mutant lacking both the kicB and kicA genes were able to grow. When kicA disruptant cells bearing a temperature-sensitive replication plasmid carrying the kicA ⁺ gene were grown at 30° C and then transferred to 42° C, the mutant cells gradually lost colony-forming ability, even in the presence of a mukB ⁺ plasmid. Rates of protein synthesis, but not of RNA or DNA synthesis, fell dramatically during incubation at 42° C. These results suggested that the kicB gene encodes a killing factor and the kicA gene codes for a protein that suppresses the killing function of the kicB gene product. It was also demonstrated that KicA and KicB can function as a post-segregational killing system, when the genes are transferred from the E. coli chromosome onto a plasmid.     

yeaI基因对奶牛源大肠杆菌NJ17生物学特性的影响

c-di-GMP是细菌中广泛存在的第二信使,可通过效应蛋白参与调控细菌的生物被膜形成、运动性和毒力等生物学特性。YeaI因含有能结合c-di-GMP分子的EGEVF基序,可能作为c-di-GMP效应蛋白发挥作用。[目的] 研究yeaI基因缺失对奶牛源大肠杆菌临床分离株NJ17生物学特性的影响。[方法] 构建NJ17的yeaI缺失株（NJ17ΔyeaI）及回复株cNJ17ΔyeaI,分析yeaI对NJ17生物学特性（如生长特性、生物被膜形成能力和对小鼠乳腺上皮细胞（EpH₄-Ev）的黏附）的影响。[结果] 成功构建NJ17的yeaI缺失株（NJ17ΔyeaI）及其回复株（cNJ17ΔyeaI）;与野生株NJ17相比,缺失株NJ17ΔyeaI生长特性及耐药性无显著变化,生物被膜形成能力显著下降,运动性显著升高（P<0.05）;透射电镜检测结果表明,yeaI缺失影响NJ17菌毛和鞭毛的形成;实时定量PCR（qPCR）结果显示,yeaI基因显著抑制NJ17鞭毛基因filG和motB的转录水平（P<0.05）;血清杀菌实验表明,yeaI缺失能显著增强其抵抗血清杀菌作用（P<0.05）;对EpH₄-Ev细胞黏附实验表明,yeaI缺失对NJ17黏附性无显著影响（P>0.05）。[结论] yeaI对奶牛源大肠杆菌NJ17的生物学特性具有重要的调控作用。     

致犊牛脑膜炎大肠杆菌新疆分离株ibeB基因的特性分析北大核心CSCD

【目的】分析致犊牛脑膜炎大肠杆菌分离株ibeB基因的分子生物学信息。【方法】以自脑炎死亡犊牛脑组织、肝组织分离鉴定的O161-K99-STa致病性大肠杆菌牛-EN株和牛-EG分离株为材料。根据GenBank中公布的脑膜炎大肠杆菌K1株RS218 ibeB基因序列设计1对引物,采用PCR方法,从分离株中成功克隆ibe B基因,比较分离株ibeB基因与不同来源大肠杆菌ibeB基因的部分生物信息学特性。【结果】分离株ibeB基因序列全长1500 bp,包含1371 bp开放阅读框,共编码457个氨基酸;生物信息学分析显示,牛-EN株与致人脑膜炎大肠杆菌K1 RS218的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为90.5%和96.9%,牛-EG株与大肠杆菌K12的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99.4%和100.0%;ibeB蛋白为亲水性蛋白,分子质量为50.26 kDa,理论等电点为6.05;该蛋白无跨膜区,但具有信号肽序列;亚细胞定位显示,分泌信号通路位点(SP)占比例为0.939,说明该蛋白属于分泌型蛋白。【结论】从致脑膜炎大肠杆菌分离株中成功克隆ibeB基因,该基因与致人脑膜炎大肠杆菌K1 RS218 ibeB基因有较高的同源性,均有相似的生物学特性,属肠外致病性大肠杆菌。     

Recombinant streptokinase production by fed-batch cultivation of Escherichia coli

Streptokinase (SK) is a specific effective medicine for thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. This study established a process for the pilot production of recombinant streptokinase (r-SK). Engineering bacteria were fermented in a 20-l fermentor to produce r-SK. After simple renaturation and purification, 12.9 g of r-SK with 97.8% of purity and about 10⁵ IU mg⁻¹ of specific activity was obtained, the yield of protein and the recovery of activity were 44.9% and 51%, respectively. Finally, the r-SK was made into about 700 doses of injections for clinical applications.     

Mutagenic DNA repair in Escherichia coli XXI. A stable SOS-inducing signal persisting after excision repair of ultraviolet damage

Mutations to streptomycin resistance induced by ultraviolet light in Escherichia coli can lose their susceptibility to photoreversing light during excision repair and in the absence of chromosomal replication and protein synthesis, i.e., under conditions where SOS induction cannot occur. Using fusions of lac with sulA and umuC we have shown that after excision of UV damage in the presence of chloramphenicol there is a persisting, relatively stable signal capable of inducing SOS genes when protein sysnthesis is subsequently permitted. The persisting signal is formed roughly in proportion to the square of the UV dose and is about 30% photoreversible. It is suggested that the persisting SOS-inducing signal comprises a UV photoproduct (the target lesion) opposite a gap in the opposing DNA strand, and is formed by excision of one (the ancillary lesion) of a pair of closely opposed photoproducts. Calculations suggest that as few as two or three such configurations in a cell can lead to induction a sulA when protein synthesis is permitted. It is not clear whether these configurations can directly induce the SOS system because of their region of single-stranded DNA or whether the ultimate SOS-inducing signal is a more extensive single-stranded region formed when such configurations encounter a replication fork. Photoproduct/gap configurations have been previously suggested to be potentially mutagenic. UV-induced mutations to streptomycin resistance are mostly at A:T sites and are not photoreversible in fully SOS-induced bacteria in the absence of excision repair, indicating that they are not targeted at cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers. In SOS-induced excision-proficient bacteria there is about 39% photoreversibility which is rapidly lost after UV. This photoreversibility is attributed to many ancillary lesions being cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers which are excised leading to the exposure of target lesions on the opposing strand which, at these particular sites, are mostly non-photoreversible photoproducts.     

影响微生物互作的重要基因研究进展：以大肠杆菌为例

微生物在自然界中广泛存在,微生物间的相互作用对群落结构和功能有重要影响。目前已经对微生物相互作用的机制给予了很大的关注,通过高通量测序技术和统计学分析方法的结合可以定位获得影响菌株互作的重要基因。为了深入研究微生物相互作用的遗传机制,本文以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)为例,综述了与大肠杆菌运动性、耐药性、营养物质吸收和代谢调节相关的基因在互作条件下发挥的作用,并从这几个方面分别阐述了大肠杆菌互作遗传机制。总之,这些基因在大肠杆菌与其他微生物互作中发挥重要作用,同时增强了对细菌互作机制的理解,为今后研究更复杂的微生物群落互作遗传机制奠定了理论基础。     

米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）果胶酸内切水解酶（PGA）在原核系统中重组表达

果胶酶具有广阔的商业用途,在食品工业上主要用于果汁和酒类的澄清、提高植物油的提取率、提高水果的硬度和植物纤维脱胶。米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）一直用于传统发酵食品的生产,自然条件下其果胶酶的产量较低。文献报道的果胶酶的重组表达成功的例子较少,且活性较低。通过RT-PCR 的方法,获得不含信号肽的果胶酸内切水解酶A(polygalacturonase A, PGA) 的cDNA,PGA cDNA 连入pET-28a (+)载体, 构建 pET-28a (+)-pga 质粒。pET-28a (+)-pga 转化Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,得到转化子pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ,首次实现了米曲霉PGA在大肠杆菌系统中过表达,进一步对PGA在大肠杆菌系统中表达的条件进行了研究。在37℃、220 r/min条件培养pET-28a (+)-pga-Turner (DE3) placⅠ细胞,OD₆₀₀至 0.8左右时,用500μmol/L isopropyl β-D-thiogalactogalactopyranoside (IPTG)进行诱导表达,在15℃和170r/min条件下继续培养24 h,表达效果最好,相对于每毫升培养基而言,产酶可达到70u/mL,是米曲霉自然条件产酶量的87.5倍,远优于文献报道的重组表达的PGA酶活