首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
生境类型对群落多样性的影响是生态学关心的重要问题。本研究对江苏阜宁县域内农田、林地、湿地和城镇等4种生境鸟类进行为期一年的调查,从物种多样性、谱系多样性、功能多样性3个层次探究不同生境对鸟类群落的影响。共记录鸟类115种,隶属15目40科。物种多样性在林地生境最高,然后依次为农田、湿地和城镇生境。谱系多样性和功能多样性与物种多样性变化模式不同,农田生境的谱系和功能多样性较其他3种生境高。比较分析生境间3种多样性指标的季节变化,发现多样性指标在季节间无显著性差异,阜宁县域内鸟类群落多样性受生境影响较大。标准化效应值分析表明,各生境群落谱系和功能多样性均呈现出聚集趋势,生境过滤主导鸟类群落的构建。本研究揭示了阜宁县域范围内鸟类资源现状,环境异质性维持较高的鸟类多样性,生境类型的多样化为保持高的鸟类群落多样性提供有力支持。  相似文献   

2.
大学校园是城市的重要组成部分,是鸟类分布的热点地区。为了获取广西生态工程职业技术学院、江西环境工程职业学院和云南林业职业技术学院的鸟类多样性,于2020年8月至2023年12月采用样点法进行3所高校的鸟类调查,并分别比较校园之间的鸟类物种多样性、功能多样性和谱系多样性。结果表明,3所高校共调查到24目19科195种鸟类,国家重点保护野生鸟类21种。记录到江西环境工程职业学院15目43科113种,云南林业职业技术学院12目38科94种,广西生态工程职业技术学院13目38科90种。3所高校的鸟类群落主要由留鸟、食虫鸟类和树冠层筑巢鸟类构成。功能和谱系多样性分析表明,随机过程可能主导了校园鸟类的群落组配机制。大学校园具有丰富的鸟类多样性。本研究强调了大学校园在城市生物多样性保护中的潜在作用,并为校园鸟类生物多样性保护、科研教育和公众宣传提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

3.
风力发电作为绿色新能源在近年来快速发展的同时,其对周边环境的影响尤其是对鸟类的影响成为研究的热点。为探究鸟类对风电场风机的响应,2019年1、3、4、5月,采用样线法对广东省连州风电场的鸟类多样性进行了4次调查。共设置样线32条,根据样线离风机的距离分为4个梯度,其中,100~300 m样线6条,300~500 m 13条,500~700 m 8条,>700 m 5条。结果显示:1)共记录鸟类112种,隶属于12目37科,目、科数量最多的分别为雀形目Passeriformes (78种)、画眉科Timaliidae (12种);2)鸟类物种、属和科的丰富度随着离风机距离的增加而呈增加趋势:在500 m以内无显著性差异,500 m外显著增加;种-属比率也呈现出相似的增加趋势。本研究结果表明,风力发电机对鸟类的影响主要在距离 < 500 m的范围,这种影响可能与风机产生的噪音、直接或间接的栖息地改变等有关。  相似文献   

4.
近年来, 功能多样性和谱系多样性为探究群落构建机制提供了新方法。为了更准确地了解海南岛高海拔热带云雾林群落构建机制, 该研究以海南岛霸王岭热带云雾林为对象, 测定7个环境因子和13个植物功能性状。利用主成分分析(PCA)筛选环境因子, 以霸王岭、尖峰岭和黎母山热带云雾林分布物种建立区域物种库, 结合模型, 分析Rao二次熵(RaoQ)和平均成对谱系距离(MPD)变化对植物群落构建的影响。结果表明: 林冠开阔度、土壤全磷含量和坡度是影响植物群落构建的关键环境因子。多数功能性状的系统发育信号很低且不显著, 说明热带云雾林群落的系统发育关系与功能性状随历史进程变化不一致。RaoQMPD的实际观测值都显著低于期望值, 且其标准效应值与土壤磷含量显著相关, 说明生境过滤是驱动热带云雾林群落构建的关键因子, 土壤磷含量是群落构建的关键环境筛。  相似文献   

5.
阔叶红松林是东北森林的典型代表,由于受到历史采伐干扰的影响,导致生态系统功能严重退化,威胁东北地区生态安全。生物多样性是生态系统功能形成和维持的重要基础,阐明采伐前后生物多样性的变化对于评估采伐干扰的影响、理解森林恢复过程具有重要意义,能够为森林生态修复与重建提供理论支持。谱系多样性和功能多样性是生物多样性的两个重要维度,然而传统的研究仍停留在物种数量层面,难以全面反映采伐干扰的影响。以吉林蛟河阔叶红松林采伐样地为对象,依托连续四次的样地清查数据,同时结合植物的系统发育和功能性状信息,探讨了不同强度采伐干扰对谱系多样性和功能多样性的影响,具体采伐设置包括:未采伐(对照),采伐15%胸高断面积(轻度采伐),采伐30%胸高断面积(中度采伐)以及采伐50%胸高断面积(重度采伐)。结果显示:(1)中、高强度的采伐干扰显著降低了森林谱系多样性和功能多样性,并且高强度干扰条件下森林多样性的恢复要更加困难;(2)采伐还影响着群落功能性状组成,随着采伐强度的增加,群落木质密度加权平均值上升而最大树高下降;(3)相较于采伐强度和采伐木断面积,保留木断面积与生物多样性的联系更加紧密,表明采伐后森林所达到的密度状态是影响生物多样性恢复的关键,当保留木断面积在18m2/hm2附近时,其与谱系多样性的关系出现显著拐点,应在阔叶红松林经营管理过程中受到更多重视。综上所述,谱系多样性和功能多样性为评价采伐的影响提供了新的视角,有助于更加全面地反映采伐干扰对生物多样性的影响,为阔叶红松林生态修复与多样性保护提供科学参照。  相似文献   

6.
探索和揭示生物多样性的空间格局和维持机制是生态学和生物地理学研究的热点内容, 但综合物种、系统进化和功能属性等方面的多样性海拔格局研究很少。该文以关帝山森林群落为研究对象, 综合物种、谱系和功能α和β多样性指数, 旨在初步探讨关帝山森林群落多样性海拔格局及其维持机制。研究结果表明: 随着海拔的升高(1 409-2 150 m), 关帝山森林群落物种丰富度指数(S)、谱系多样性指数(PD)和功能丰富度指数(FRic)整体上表现出上升的趋势, 特别是海拔1 800 m以上区域。随着海拔的升高, 总β多样性(βtotal)和更替(βrepl)上升趋势明显, 而丰富度差异(βrich)则逐渐下降。不同生活型植物的物种、谱系和功能多样性海拔格局差异较大。随着海拔的升高, 草本植物S和物种多样性指数(H′)上升趋势高于木本植物。影响草本植物S分布的主要因素是地形因子, 而影响木本植物S分布的主要因素是历史过程。随着海拔的升高, 木本植物βtotal上升趋势要比草本植物明显。随着海拔的升高, 木本植物βreplβrich分别表现出单峰格局和“U”形格局, 而草本植物βreplβrich则分别表现出单调递增和单调递减的格局。随着环境差异和地理距离的增加, 群落间物种、谱系和功能β多样性显著增加。环境差异(环境过滤)对木本植物的β多样性具有相对较强的作用; 而环境差异(环境过滤)和地理距离(扩散限制)共同作用于草本植物的β多样性。  相似文献   

7.
山东刺槐林对林下植物物种多样性及谱系多样性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)是一种广泛分布的外来植物,通常认为外来物种会对自然生态系统造成一定影响。然而,刺槐对当地植物多样性的影响仍存在争议。本研究的主要目的是比较刺槐群落和以麻栎(Quercus acutissima)或栓皮栎(Q. variabilis)为优势种的本地落叶栎群落林下植物物种组成、物种多样性、谱系多样性及群落谱系结构的差异,探究刺槐林对当地森林生态系统可能造成的影响。在山东丘陵区设置17个刺槐群落和17个相应的落叶栎群落样方(样方大小为20 m×30 m),调查每个样方内林下植物物种组成和多样性情况。研究发现,刺槐群落与落叶栎群落林下植物物种和谱系α多样性并无显著差异,而刺槐群落林下物种和谱系β多样性显著低于落叶栎群落,且刺槐群落植物谱系距离随环境距离的变化速率低于落叶栎群落,刺槐各样方间共有物种比例较大,物种的生态位较为相似,表明刺槐导致了植物群落的均质化。另外,刺槐群落较落叶栎群落具有较高的外来物种丰富度。可见,山东刺槐林虽然对植物物种数量没有显著影响,但却改变了群落的组成和结构。应对刺槐林进行长期监测,有效防控外来植物对当地生态系统造成的威...  相似文献   

8.
随着航空业的发展,野生动物与飞机之间的冲突愈发密集,机场鸟类群落多样性研究引起了大量关注。研究鸟类群落对生境类型的使用状况,可以掌握生境类型与鸟击风险的潜在关系,为机场环境改造提供理论依据。本研究于2019年7月至2021年11月,采用样点法对扬州泰州机场及周边8 km范围内的农田、湿地、林地和城镇4种生境中30个样点的鸟类群落进行调查。利用鸟类群落多样性指数,包括丰富度、多度、香农威纳多样性指数、辛普森多样性指数以及均匀度指数来表征群落的物种多样性,以及功能和谱系多样性,阐明机场周边4种生境的鸟类群落多样性差异。同时,基于多度加权的平均成对功能距离(MFD)和平均成对谱系距离(MPD)来表征群落的功能和谱系结构,探究群落构建机制,量化各多样性指标间的相关性。研究共记录扬州泰州国际机场鸟类88种,分别隶属于14目36科,目、科中数量最多的为雀形目(Passeriformes)和鹬科(Scolopacidae)。谱系和功能多样性在生境间差异显著,功能分散度在农田最高,城镇最低;谱系多样性指数在城镇最高,湿地最低。标准化效应值分析表明,随机生态过程影响了湿地鸟类群落功能和谱系的构建过程,农...  相似文献   

9.
高海拔山体因巨大环境变化为探索群落构建过程的生物和非生物因素提供了一个理想的系统。为了解高海拔山区哺乳动物群落的构建过程,分析不同海拔梯度对哺乳动物物种多样性、功能多样性和谱系多样性的影响,及各海拔哺乳动物群落的构建过程。在云南哈巴雪山进行了为期一年的调查,共设置6个300m海拔带,布设红外相机62台,铗线24条,围栏陷阱24个。累计哺乳动物有效照片2155张,累计铗日5150个,陷阱日108个。共记录哺乳动物41种,隶属8目24科。结果显示,物种丰富度在3100-3400m海拔带最高,Simpson指数、Shannon指数和Pielou指数在不同的海拔梯度均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。海拔梯度下哺乳动物物种组成差异不明显,各海拔带物种组成结构相似,分离不明显。功能多样性随海拔升高而降低, < 2500m海拔带和2500-2800m海拔带的功能丰富度显著高于其他海拔带(P < 0.05),物种在这两个海拔带中所占据的功能空间大小和空间利用程度显著高于其他海拔带。物种多样性与功能多样性的回归分析结果表明,物种多样性指数的增加会导致功能丰富度、功能离散度和功能分异度的增加,而不会改变功能均匀度指数的变化。标准化效应值分析表明, < 2500m海拔带哺乳动物出现聚集的趋势,生境过滤主导了哺乳动物群落构建;其余海拔带群落出现离散趋势,竞争排斥主导了哺乳动物群落的构建。研究结果表明,哈巴雪山多样化的环境为该地区保持较高的哺乳动物群落多样性提供有力支持,强调了评估群落结构时考虑多种生物多样性指标的重要性。  相似文献   

10.
不同程度人为干扰对古田山森林群落谱系结构的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
群落谱系结构包含群落发育的历史信息,能从新的角度反映群落形成的生态过程.作者在浙江古田山自然保护区亚热带常绿阔叶林中选择了人为干扰强度不同的4种群落类型,以20 m×20 m为研究尺度探讨了不同干扰程度对群落谱系结构的影响.结果表明,人工林(类型Ⅰ)谱系结构发散;但间伐林(类型Ⅱ)、自然恢复林(类型Ⅲ)以及自然老龄林(类型Ⅳ)谱系结构聚集,且以类型Ⅱ和Ⅳ聚集度最高.进一步分析不同径级谱系结构发现,在中小径级(DBH≤5 cm和5 cm10 cm时,除了类型Ⅳ,其他3种群落都是谱系结构发散,这反映了在恢复早期种子扩散对这些林型群落构建影响较大:而皆伐后的演替和间伐增加了群落生境异质性,生境过滤作用增强,使类型Ⅱ、Ⅲ群落中小径级谱系结构表现为聚集;类型Ⅳ群落不同径级谱系结构均表现为聚集,可能与其稳定的生境过滤作用有关.  相似文献   

11.
贾鹏  杜国祯 《生命科学》2014,(2):153-157
生物多样性是生态学的核心问题。传统的多样性指数仅包含物种数和相对多度的信息,这类基于分类学的多样性指数并不能很好地帮助理解群落构建和生态系统功能。不同物种对群落构建和生态系统功能所起到的作用类型和贡献也不完全相同,且物种在生态过程中的作用和贡献往往与性状密切相关,因此功能多样性已经成为反映物种群落构建、干扰以及环境因素对群落影响的重要指标。同时,由于亲缘关系相近的物种往往具有相似的性状,系统发育多样性也可以作为功能多样性的一个替代。功能多样性和系统发育多样性各自具有优缺点,但二者均比分类多样性更能揭示群落和生态系统的构建、维持与功能。  相似文献   

12.
    
Communities are assembled from species that evolve or colonise a given geographic region, and persist in the face of abiotic conditions and interactions with other species. The evolutionary and colonisation histories of communities are characterised by phylogenetic diversity, while functional diversity is indicative of abiotic and biotic conditions. The relationship between functional and phylogenetic diversity infers whether species functional traits are divergent (differing between related species) or convergent (similar among distantly related species). Biotic interactions and abiotic conditions are known to influence macroecological patterns in species richness, but how functional and phylogenetic diversity of guilds vary with biotic factors, and the relative importance of biotic drivers in relation to geographic and abiotic drivers is unknown. In this study, we test whether geographic, abiotic or biotic factors drive biome‐scale spatial patterns of functional and phylogenetic diversity and functional convergence in vertebrate herbivores across the Arctic tundra biome. We found that functional and phylogenetic diversity both peaked in the western North American Arctic, and that spatial patterns in both were best predicted by trophic interactions, namely vegetation productivity and predator diversity, as well as climatic severity. Our results show that both bottom–up and top–down trophic interactions, as well as winter temperatures, drive the functional and phylogenetic structure of Arctic vertebrate herbivore assemblages. This has implications for changing Arctic ecosystems; under future warming and northward movement of predators potential increases in phylogenetic and functional diversity in vertebrate herbivores may occur. Our study thus demonstrates that trophic interactions can determine large‐scale functional and phylogenetic diversity just as strongly as abiotic conditions.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Research on island species–area relationships (ISAR) has expanded to incorporate functional (IFDAR) and phylogenetic (IPDAR) diversity. However, relative to the ISAR, we know little about IFDARs and IPDARs, and lack synthetic global analyses of variation in form of these three categories of island diversity–area relationship (IDAR). Here, we undertake the first comparative evaluation of IDARs at the global scale using 51 avian archipelagic data sets representing true and habitat islands. Using null models, we explore how richness-corrected functional and phylogenetic diversity scale with island area. We also provide the largest global assessment of the impacts of species introductions and extinctions on the IDAR. Results show that increasing richness with area is the primary driver of the (non-richness corrected) IPDAR and IFDAR for many data sets. However, for several archipelagos, richness-corrected functional and phylogenetic diversity changes linearly with island area, suggesting that the dominant community assembly processes shift along the island area gradient. We also find that archipelagos with the steepest ISARs exhibit the biggest differences in slope between IDARs, indicating increased functional and phylogenetic redundancy on larger islands in these archipelagos. In several cases introduced species seem to have ‘re-calibrated’ the IDARs such that they resemble the historic period prior to recent extinctions.  相似文献   

15.
    
Varied strategies to alleviate the loss of farmland biodiversity have been tested, yet there is still insufficient evidence supporting their effectiveness, especially when considering phylogenetic and functional diversity alongside traditional taxonomic diversity metrics. This conservation challenge is accentuated in the Afrotropics by the rapid agricultural expansion and intensification for the production of cash crops and by a comparative lack of research. In this study, we assessed how farming practices influence avian phylogenetic and functional diversity. We conducted point‐count surveys to assess avian diversity in monocultures of tea and mixed crop farming systems surrounding the Nyungwe rainforest in south‐west Rwanda, allowing us to investigate the drivers of avian diversity at farm level. Species composition was found to be moderately different between farm types, with mixed crop farms supporting higher phylogenetic diversity than tea plantations. There were no significant seasonal differences in species composition, functional or phylogenetic diversity. Overall, functional diversity did not differ between farm types, but the dispersion of trophic‐related traits was significantly higher in mixed crop farms. Both functional and phylogenetic diversity were influenced by floristic diversity, vegetation height, tree number, and elevation to varying degrees. Our results also (i) highlight the role of farmland heterogeneity (e.g., crop species composition, height, and tree cover extent) in encouraging avian functional and phylogenetic diversity in the Afrotropics and (ii) indicate that the generally negative biodiversity impacts of monoculture agriculture can be partially alleviated by extensive agroforestry with an emphasis on indigenous tree species.  相似文献   

16.
海岸带沉积物中氮循环功能微生物多样性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
海岸带生境类型多样,环境梯度明显,是研究微生物多样性、群落结构与功能关系及调控机制的天然实验场.沉积物是海岸带环境中营养盐再生与转化发生的重要场所,其中多种微生物类群在氮素循环过程中扮演重要角色.本文重点介绍海岸带沉积物中固氮菌、氨氧化菌、厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化与硝酸盐铵化微生物的基于16SrRNA基因的物种多样性和基于关键酶基因nifH、amoA、narG、nirS、nirK、nosZ、nrfA、hzo、hzs等的功能多样性;总结了在海岸带特有生境(如河口、潮间带、海草藻床、红树林、盐沼、珊瑚礁、浅海等)及污染胁迫、生物扰动等条件下各功能类群的群落组成特征及时空变化规律,并提出今后需要重点关注新的培养技术和方法的开发,以进一步提高微生物的可培养性,将单细胞基因组测序与分析技术、DNA和RNA结合起来研究,以全面了解氮循环微生物多样性、参与介导硝酸盐铵化过程的微生物多样性等方面.  相似文献   

17.
    
Phylogenetic trees have been extensively used in community ecology. However, how the phylogeny construction affects ecological inferences is poorly understood. In this study, we constructed three different types of phylogenetic trees (a synthetic-tree generated using V.PhyloMaker, a barcode-tree generated using rbcL+matK+trnH-psbA, and a plastome-tree generated from plastid genomes) that represented an increasing level of phylogenetic resolution among 580 woody plant species from six forest dynamic plots in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests of China. We then evaluated the performance of each phylogeny in estimations of community phylogenetic structure, turnover and phylogenetic signal in functional traits. As expected, the plastome-tree was most resolved and most supported for relationships among species. For local phylogenetic structure, the three trees showed consistent results with Faith's PD and MPD; however, only the synthetic-tree produced significant clustering patterns using MNTD for some plots. For phylogenetic turnover, contrasting results between the molecular trees and the synthetic-tree occurred only with nearest neighbor distance. The barcode-tree agreed more with the plastome-tree than the synthetic-tree for both phylogenetic structure and turnover. For functional traits, both the barcode-tree and plastome-tree detected phylogenetic signal in maximum height, but only the plastome-tree detected signal in leaf width. This is the first study that uses plastid genomes in large-scale community phylogenetics. Our results highlight the improvement of plastome-trees over barcode-trees and synthetic-trees for the analyses studied here. Our results also point to the possibility of type I and II errors in estimation of phylogenetic structure and turnover and detection of phylogenetic signal when using synthetic-trees.  相似文献   

18.
    
Understanding how environmental filtering and biotic interactions structure communities across elevational and latitudinal gradients is still a matter of debate. To provide insight into their relative importance, we explore the mismatch between three dimensions of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic), and compare their patterns to null models of random community assembly. We focus on a highly diverse tropical group: the tree frogs (hylids) of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. For that, we combined geographic distribution data with phylogenetic and trait information for 158 species to produce maps of the three dimensions of diversity. We show that communities of tree frogs of the Hylidae family tend to have high functional richness along the Atlantic Forest, potentially driven by niche partitioning. However, environmental filtering gains importance in extreme environments, both at high elevations and higher latitudes. In these areas of the forest, clustering of both functional and phylogenetic diversity is observed. Trait overdispersion is found in areas of contact between vegetation types, or of adjacent biomes, reflecting the encounter of amphibian species adapted to distinct environmental conditions and landscape configurations. Considering all three dimensions of diversity along with multiple axes of environmental variation allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the processes shaping amphibian community assembly in this biodiversity hotspot.  相似文献   

19.
    
A branch of island biogeography has emerged to explain alien species diversity in the light of the biogeographic and anthropogenic context, yet overlooking the functional and phylogenetic facets. Evaluating alien and native birds of 407 oceanic islands worldwide, we built structural equation models to assess the direct and indirect influence of biotic, geographic, and anthropogenic contexts on alien functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD). We found that alien taxonomic richness was the main predictor of both diversities. Anthropogenic factors, including colonization pressure, associated with classic biogeographical variables also strongly influenced alien FD and PD. Specifically, habitat modification and human connectivity markedly drove alien FD, especially when controlled by taxonomic richness, whereas the human population size, gross domestic product, and native PD were crucial at explaining alien PD. Our findings suggest that humans not only shape taxonomic richness but also other facets of alien diversity in a complex way.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号