星云湖硅藻群落响应近现代人类活动与气候变化的过程

随着人类活动的增强与全球气候变暖的持续,近年来云南湖泊的生态系统功能持续退化,而目前对云南湖泊生态系统的研究还主要集中于单一环境压力的生态效应。以星云湖为研究对象,通过沉积物记录与现代监测资料,识别在湖泊富营养化、气候变化以及人类强烈干扰下硅藻群落结构响应的过程,并甄别驱动群落变化的主要环境压力及其强度。结果显示随着湖泊生产力水平(如沉积物叶绿素a浓度)的增加,硅藻物种组成发生了明显的变化,主成分分析表明了水体富营养化是驱动群落变化的主要环境因子(r=-0.63,P0.001)。简约模型与方差分解的结果表明近200年来(钻孔长度38cm),湖泊营养水平和水动力是驱动星云湖硅藻群落变化的主要环境因子,分别解释了群落变化的18.8%和2.9%;而1951年以后,湖泊营养水平和温度分别解释了硅藻群落结构变化的31.4%和26.8%。研究结果表明了硅藻群落长期变化的主控因子是湖泊营养水平,而人类活动及气候变化等可以通过改变湖泊水动力及湖水温度来驱动硅藻群落的演替,同时抚仙湖-星云湖的连通性也对硅藻群落的演替产生了一定影响。     

云南程海湖泊系统响应富营养化与水文调控的长期模式

流域开发和气候变化背景下,逐渐增强的人类活动已经显著影响湖泊系统演替及功能。本研究以云南程海为研究对象,通过对程海湖泊沉积物记录与现代调查数据相结合,重建了程海近250年来的生态环境变化过程,探讨了程海湖泊系统在富营养化以及水文波动等多重环境压力影响下的长期响应模式。结果表明: 1970年之前程海营养水平整体偏低,1970—2000年间缓慢增长,2000年后快速增加,初级生产力呈长期上升趋势。1993—2000年期间,引水工程显著增加了湖泊水动力强度和物种扩散能力,促进了直链藻和菱形藻的增加。程海沉积物记录的碳循环变化主要受内源输入的长期影响。富营养化是硅藻群落长期演替的主要驱动因子,其次是湖泊水动力条件的波动。对程海的生态修复与流域管理不仅需要关注水体营养盐的富集与流域污染物的控制,同时还要考虑到湖泊水文调控和水位波动的影响。     

有机磷培养下水体浮游植物竞争与群落结构演替

磷是浮游植物生长的必要元素,也是调控水体富营养化的重要因子之一。在无机磷缺乏的水域,能够有效利用有机磷的藻类有可能成为浮游植物群落的优势种。为了研究有机磷对浮游植物群落结构演替的影响,分别从3个水库采集表层水样,西陂水库(硅藻70.3%,甲藻19.1%,绿藻9.3%)、山美水库(硅藻31.3%,甲藻59.2%,绿藻3.5%)、三十六脚湖(硅藻43.1%,甲藻50.5%,绿藻5.0%),选用有机磷单磷酸腺苷(Adenosine monophosphate,AMP)作为磷源进行实验室模拟实验,并与无机磷(NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O)作为磷源实验组做同步对比,探讨有机磷源条件下浮游植物竞争及群落结构演替规律。结果显示:AMP培养20 d后,西陂水库、山美水库和三十六脚湖的浮游植物生物量分别增加了6.5倍,2.1倍和1.9倍,浮游植物群落结构都演替为以甲藻门和绿藻门为优势藻,所占比例分别为81.8%和16.7%、55.2%和33.5%、73.2%和24.3%,其中西陂水库甲藻门拟多甲藻对有机磷AMP的利用能力强,其所占比例达到81.8%。表明有机磷AMP能有效地促进甲藻门拟多甲藻属的增殖,进而改变水体浮游植物群落结构。     

昆明小型城市湖泊叶绿素a浓度与硅藻群落的时空分布及主控因子

水体叶绿素a浓度(Chla)与硅藻群落特征是指示湖泊水质的常用生物指标。本研究于2017年3月—2019年12月调查了昆明市4个小型湖泊(云南师范大学校园内北潭、北湖、南湖、龙潭)的水体环境指标、Chla浓度和硅藻群落的季节变化。结果显示：4个湖泊水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和Chla浓度均呈现明显的季节波动。其中，营养水平最高的南湖水体Chla含量显著高于其他3个湖泊，影响南湖Chla变化的主要因子是TN;而在其他3个水体中，水温的增加显著促进了Chla浓度的上升。水温和TN是4个湖泊水体Chla时空变化的主要驱动因子。北潭、南湖和龙潭的硅藻群落以浮游硅藻占优，水深最浅的北湖以底栖硅藻为主，表明水深影响了硅藻群落的浮游物种占比与优势属种。水深、TN、TP、透明度以及水温驱动了硅藻群落的时空变化，其中，水温是影响硅藻群落季节差异的主要因子，而TN和TP是导致同一季节湖泊间硅藻群落差异的主要因子。     

多重环境压力下大屯海硅藻群落结构的长期变化

云南亚热带高原湖泊在过去几十年内面临着工业污染、富营养化、滩地围垦、极端干旱等多重环境压力的影响.本研究以大屯海为研究对象,结合沉积物硅藻、粒度、碳氮同位素以及年代序列等数据进行了多指标分析,重建并识别了大屯海近百年来生态环境变化的历史和硅藻群落变化的特征.结果表明： 近百年来硅藻群落组合出现了较大的转变,优势种由连接脆杆藻转变为极细微曲壳藻.结合多指标环境记录(如碳氮同位素)和现代监测记录,采用排序分析以及方差分解发现,工业污染和湖泊营养盐富集是大屯海硅藻群落结构长期变化的主要驱动因子.此外,沉积物粒度分析结果与气象数据显示,由于大屯海受到修建大坝以及多次干旱事件的影响,湖泊水动力与水体交换能力减弱,从而使沉积物硅藻群落结构也发生了相应的变化.     

三峡水库神农溪2014年春季浮游藻类演替成因分析

摘要：【目的】研究三峡水库神农溪库湾春季水华期间浮游藻类演替及其成因分析。【方法】2014年3–5月在神农溪库湾布置了6个断面(SN01–SN06),在神农溪汇入长江干流河口附近水域设置1个断面CJBD,对浮游藻类、相关环境因子及水动力因子进行了同步监测,据此分析了水体层化结构及水动力特性。【结果】神农溪在监测时段内共检测到浮游藻类6门38种(属);库湾浮游藻类生物量时间上差异显著(ANOVA,P<0.05)。春季浮游藻类群落结构具有明显的演替规律,3月份暴发大面积的硅藻水华（藻密度>100×105 cells/L),小环藻(Cyclotella spp.)为优势藻种;4月在SN02–SN06暴发以小球藻(Chlorella spp.)为主要优势种、衣藻(Chlamydomonas spp.)为次优势种的绿藻水华(藻密度>100×105 cells/L),5月份受水位大幅消落影响,浮游藻类生物量降低且无明显优势藻种。【结论】在具备充足的营养盐的水体中,水体层化结构与水动力特性对浮游藻类演替影响重大。三峡水库水位处于快速消落阶段时,流速成为抑制神农溪库湾藻类生长的主要因素。     

大理西湖流域开发历史与硅藻群落变化的模式识别

有关云南湖泊的研究长期集中于高原九大湖泊和水体富营养化评价,缺少对中小型水体及多重环境压力胁迫的综合研究.本文以大理西湖为例,结合沉积物记录与现代监测资料,甄别了气候变化和人类活动干扰下硅藻群落结构的长期响应模式及其驱动强度.结果表明: 20世纪50年代以前,大理西湖总体处于自然演化阶段;1950年代开始,围湖造田和流域改造的增强导致了水体营养水平增加、水动力条件改变,硅藻优势种由扁圆卵型藻替代为脆杆藻属;而1997年以来营养水平的快速增加和湖泊水动力的改变,促进了浮游藻类大量生长、底栖硅藻持续减少,同时水生植物快速退化、生态系统稳定性明显降低.因此,在长期流域开发的背景下,对云南中小型高山湖泊的有效保护需要评价流域开发类型、强度及全球变暖的长期影响.     

三峡水库太湖新银鱼春季和秋季繁殖群体的繁殖生物学特征比较

三峡水库2003年开始蓄水后,随着库区水体水文生态与水动力学特征、生境结构和水体生产力等的改变,鱼类群落亦随之演替[1,2].太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensis Chen)种群爆发是近期库区鱼类群落演替的显著特点.     

亚热带水库浮游植物群落的季节变化及其与环境的关系:两种功能群分类法的比较

浮游植物是水库生态系统最重要的生物组成,因其对水体环境的变化敏感而常被用于指示水体生态系统状态.为了解功能群(FG)和形态功能群(MBFG)两种浮游植物功能群分类方法在指示水库环境变化中的适用性和差异性,本研究以青狮潭水库为例,于2016年3月—2017年2月对该水库浮游植物和环境因子进行逐月采样调查.应用两种浮游植物功能群分类方法分析了青狮潭水库浮游植物群落结构、季节演替及其影响因子,并比较了两种功能群分类方法在指示水库环境状态中的应用及差异.结果表明:青狮潭水库共检出浮游植物7门109种,可划分为17个FG功能群和5个MBFG功能群.两种功能群分类法的结果都表明青狮潭水库为中-富营养水体;在一年周期的浮游植物群落季节演替中,FG优势功能类群指示大坝和库中群落分别经过8、9个演替阶段,而MBFG优势功能类群指示大坝和库中群落均经过8个演替阶段.冗余分析表明,在相同环境梯度上,FG功能类群的响应比MBFG功能类群更灵敏,尤其是对pH值和硝态氮浓度的响应.在探究亚热带水库浮游植物群落演替过程及其与环境的关系上,采用FG功能群分类方法更为合适.     

安康水库表层浮游藻类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解安康水库表层水质与浮游藻类群落现状以及浮游藻类群落结构与环境因子之间的关系,于2012年1—12月对水库表层水进行每月一次的采样,分别对浮游藻类分布状况和理化因子进行分析.利用Shannon指数(H)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)分析浮游藻类群落特征,根据理化指标和综合营养状态指数(TSI)评价水体营养状态.共检测到浮游藻类7门110属,丰度为0.11×10⁴～2.08×10⁴ cells·L^-1.藻类组成、污染指示种分布情况、多样性分析和TSI显示安康水库表层属于中污染水质,处于中营养状态.此外,高密度投饵水产养殖及生活污水直接排放入库对水质产生负面影响,支流岚河的水质状况也较差.典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示,测定的8个环境因子中,不同季节影响浮游藻类群落组成及分布的环境因子不同,且氮是影响浮游藻类组成的主要营养盐因子.理化指标分析显示,安康水库表层水大体满足Ⅱ类水标准,水质良好.但部分采样点的总氮出现差于Ⅱ类水标准的现象,表明安康水库水质有变差的趋势.     

Developing biomonitoring protocols for shallow Arctic lakes using diatoms and artificial substrate samplers

Growing concerns over effects of climate warming and other stressors on shallow Arctic lakes and ponds stimulate the need to develop and implement effective protocols to track changes in ecological integrity. This study assesses seasonal and spatial variability of periphytic diatom communities in a shallow Arctic lake in northern Yukon Territory to establish biomonitoring protocols. Artificial substrate samplers, which mimic macrophytes, allow direct measurement of biotic responses to shifting environmental conditions and control for possible confounding factors (e.g., accrual time and microhabitat type). Artificial substrate samplers were deployed at three locations and retrieved at three times (early, mid, and late) during the ice-free season. Analyses identified that diatom abundance increased exponentially and community composition changed significantly over the ice-free season, despite little variability in water chemistry, but did not differ among the three sampling locations within the lake. Patterns of seasonal succession in diatom community composition were characterized by first arrival of well-dispersed taxa, which included several planktonic taxa, followed by a transitional phase composed of planktonic and periphytic taxa, and culminated with dominance by periphytic species, mainly Achnanthes minutissima (Kützing). Results highlight the role of seasonal succession on artificial substrate colonization and the need to deploy artificial substrate samplers for the duration of the ice-free season to capture peak periphytic algal abundance. Low spatial variability of shallow Arctic lakes allows for samplers to be deployed at one single location to characterize diatom community composition.     

基于硅藻功能群特征揭示海西海近现代生态环境变化

依据硅藻的形态、生理与生态特点而定义的功能群分类,可以更好地描述对湖泊环境胁迫的响应特征.本研究识别了海西海表层沉积物硅藻群的空间分布模式,并通过多指标分析探讨其与环境因子的关系.结果表明: 主成分分析和冗余分析,水深和沉积物总氮含量是硅藻功能群空间分布异质性的主要驱动因子;水深8 m左右可能是海西海硅藻出现功能群分异的阈值,与热力分层深度等湖泊水文特征相对应.上述表层沉积物硅藻功能群空间分布结果为沉积物化石记录的解释提供了依据.沉积物钻孔分析显示,近百年来海西海硅藻功能群呈现明显的阶段性波动,与年均气温、沉积物总氮含量、中值粒径等指标变化相对应.气候变暖、富营养化和水位上升是驱动海西海硅藻功能群长期变化的主要环境因子,协同促进了功能群D、P、MP占优势.硅藻功能群多样性变化的长期特征表明气候变暖和营养盐富集促进了硅藻功能群多样性的增加,而海西海1957年筑坝和1990年水库扩容两次典型水文调控显著增加了湖泊水深,导致硅藻功能群多样性降低.     

Climate drivers of diatom distribution in shallow subarctic lakes

相似文献   

Glacial Holocene environment of the southeastern Okhotsk Sea: evidence from geochemical and palaeontological data

Environmental conditions and productivity changes in the southeastern Okhotsk Sea have been reconstructed for the last 20 ka using planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope records and calcium carbonate, organic carbon and opal content data from two sediment cores. Species variability in benthic foraminiferal and diatom assemblages provides additional palaeoceanographic evidence. AMS radiocarbon dating of the sediments and oxygen isotope stratigraphy serve as the basis for the age models of the cores for the last 20 ¹⁴C kyr and for correlation between environmental variations in the Okhotsk Sea, and regional and global climate changes. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the two cores (depth 1590 and 1175 m) varied with time, so that we could recognise seven zones with different species composition. Changes in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages parallel major environmental and productivity variations. During the last glaciation, fluxes of organic matter to the sea floor showed strong seasonal variations, indicated by the presence of abundant A. weddellensis and infaunal Uvigerina spp. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages changed with warming at 12.5–11 and 10–8 ¹⁴C kyr BP, when productivity blooms and high organic fluxes were coeval with global meltwater pulses 1A and 1B. Younger Dryas cooling caused a decline in productivity (11–10 kyr BP) affecting the benthic faunal community. Subsequent warming triggered intensive diatom production, opal accumulation and a strong oxygen deficiency, causing significant changes in benthic fauna assemblages from 5.26–4.4 kyr BP to present time.     

温度和CO2浓度升高下转Bt水稻种植对土壤活性碳氮和线虫群落的短期影响

全球气候变化下转Bt水稻种植对土壤生态系统的影响仍是未知领域。利用野外开顶式气室(OTC)模拟气候变化,探讨了温度和CO2浓度([CO2])升高后种植转Bt(华恢1号)水稻对土壤活性碳氮和线虫群落的影响。结果表明:(1)温度和[CO2]升高条件下种植转Bt水稻显著影响土壤可溶性碳(DOC)、可溶性氮(DON)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)含量,同时DOC和DON受到升温和[CO2]升高与转Bt水稻的交互影响;在正常温度和[CO2]下,转Bt水稻显著降低了土壤微生物量碳氮含量(MBC、MBN),但在温度和[CO2]升高后转Bt水稻种植使土壤MBC和MBN含量显著高于亲本水稻。(2)在温度和[CO2]升高条件下,转Bt水稻土壤线虫总数呈高于亲本水稻的趋势,植食性线虫的比例随[CO2]和温度升高呈增大的趋势。此外,升温和转Bt水稻种植提高了土壤线虫群落的能流通道指数,而[CO2]升高和转Bt水稻种植则提高了土壤线虫群落的富集指数。总之,在模拟全球气候变化下,种植转Bt水稻在短期内对土壤活性碳氮和线虫群落均产生影响,但短期研究并未发现转Bt水稻种植对土壤生态系统的不利影响。     

The earliest stages of ecosystem succession in high-elevation (5000 metres above sea level), recently deglaciated soils

Global climate change has accelerated the pace of glacial retreat in high-latitude and high-elevation environments, exposing lands that remain devoid of vegetation for many years. The exposure of 'new' soil is particularly apparent at high elevations (5000 metres above sea level) in the Peruvian Andes, where extreme environmental conditions hinder plant colonization. Nonetheless, these seemingly barren soils contain a diverse microbial community; yet the biogeochemical role of micro-organisms at these extreme elevations remains unknown. Using biogeochemical and molecular techniques, we investigated the biological community structure and ecosystem functioning of the pre-plant stages of primary succession in soils along a high-Andean chronosequence. We found that recently glaciated soils were colonized by a diverse community of cyanobacteria during the first 4-5 years following glacial retreat. This significant increase in cyanobacterial diversity corresponded with equally dramatic increases in soil stability, heterotrophic microbial biomass, soil enzyme activity and the presence and abundance of photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments. Furthermore, we found that soil nitrogen-fixation rates increased almost two orders of magnitude during the first 4-5 years of succession, many years before the establishment of mosses, lichens or vascular plants. Carbon analyses (pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy) of soil organic matter suggested that soil carbon along the chronosequence was of microbial origin. This indicates that inputs of nutrients and organic matter during early ecosystem development at these sites are dominated by microbial carbon and nitrogen fixation. Overall, our results indicate that photosynthetic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria play important roles in acquiring nutrients and facilitating ecological succession in soils near some of the highest elevation receding glaciers on the Earth.     

海拔梯度变化对中亚热带黄山松土壤微生物生物量和群落结构的影响

全球变暖对陆地生态系统造成一系列生态问题,使这些问题将随着全球平均气温的升高而进一步加剧。海拔梯度变化是研究气候变暖对陆地生态系统影响的一种重要手段。目前为止利用海拔梯度对微生物影响的研究尚未定论,其主要原因是忽略了植被类型的影响。因此,以中亚热带戴云山的3个海拔(1300、1450、1600 m)的黄山松(Pinus taiwanensis)林为研究对象,探究沿海拔梯度的变化,森林土壤微生物生物量和微生物群落结构的响应变化。结果表明:土壤碳氮磷养分(SOC、TN、TP)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、微生物生物量磷(MBP)和丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)、革兰氏阴性菌(GN)、真菌(Fungi)、总磷脂脂肪酸(T_(PLFA)),细菌∶真菌(F∶B)均随海拔升高显著下降,而革兰氏阳性菌∶革兰氏阴性菌(GP∶GN)随海拔升高呈相反的趋势。冗余分析(RDA)表明,温度(T)和可溶性有机氮(DON)是影响微生物群落结构的最重要的环境因子。研究表明:与1600 m海拔相比,1300 m海拔温度较高,土壤有机质矿化作用较强,土壤速效养分及微生物生物量随之增加,从而提高(Fungi)、细菌(Bacteria)等。因此,未来气候变暖将通过改变土壤碳氮磷养分来影响本区域微生物群落组成结构。这对进一步深入了解气候变化对山地生态系统土壤养分循环过程具有重要意义。     

Lake warming favours small-sized planktonic diatom species

Diatoms contribute to a substantial portion of primary production in the oceans and many lakes. Owing to their relatively heavy cell walls and high nutrient requirements, planktonic diatoms are expected to decrease with climate warming because of reduced nutrient redistribution and increasing sinking velocities. Using a historical dataset, this study shows that diatoms were able to maintain their biovolume with increasing stratification in Lake Tahoe over the last decades; however, the diatom community structure changed. Increased stratification and reduced nitrogen to phosphorus ratios selected for small-celled diatoms, particularly within the Cyclotella genus. An empirical model showed that a shift in phytoplankton species composition and cell size was consistent within different depth strata, indicating that altered nutrient concentrations were not responsible for the change. The increase in small-celled species was sufficient to decrease the average diatom size and thus sinking velocity, which strongly influences energy transfer through the food web and carbon cycling. Our results show that within the diverse group of diatoms, small-sized species with a high surface area to volume ratio were able to adapt to a decrease in mixing intensity, supporting the hypotheses that abiotic drivers affect the size structure of planktonic communities and that warmer climate favours small-sized diatom cells.