重组血管活性肠肽的制备及鉴定

为利用基因工程技术获得重组血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP),根据大肠杆菌的密码偏好性,设计并人工合成编码28个氨基酸的VIP基因。克隆到表达载体PTWIN,构建重组质粒PTWIN-VIP,转化宿主菌E. coli Strain ER2566,构建表达工程菌。实现由重组VIP,内含肽与纤维素结合域（cellulose binding domain, CBD）组成的融合蛋白表达。融合蛋白经几丁质亲和层析纯化,通过改变温度和缓冲液PH值切割融合蛋白,获得目的多肽。所得的多肽经质谱测定分子量结果与理论值相符。生物活性分析表明,重组VIP能显著降低急性炎症小鼠血清中抵抗素的水平,发挥抗炎作用。重组VIP的制备及其抗炎活性的鉴定为其深入开发奠定了基础。     

蜘蛛多肽毒素JZTX-51和JZTX-26的重组表达和纯化

为建立一种简便、快速且能大量获得富含二硫键的蜘蛛多肽毒素JZTX-26 (35 aa)和JZTX-51 (27 aa)的有效方法,利用PCR的方法克隆成熟肽编码基因并插入至大肠杆菌Escherichia coli表达载体pMAL-p2x中与MBP(麦芽糖结合蛋白)标签融合,构建重组表达质粒pMAL-jz26和pMAL-jz51。在受体菌TB1和BL21(DE3)中对两个重组表达质粒分别进行IPTG诱导表达,通过Amylose亲和层析柱纯化并进行SDS-PAGE分析;采用因子X对融合蛋白进行酶切后通过分子筛以及反相高效液相色谱对两种重组蛋白进行纯化。通过MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱鉴定,表达产物的分子量与预期的多肽理论分子量一致。1L表达培养液中能获得大约5mg纯化的目的蛋白JZTX-26或JZTX-51。结果表明利用该原核表达体系可对蜘蛛毒素基因jztx-26和jztx-51进行融合表达,并对重组蛋白进行亲和层析,为采用基因工程的手段大量获得蜘蛛多肽毒素奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌Rv1009结构域基因的克隆、表达及亲和层析纯化

目的:克隆结核分枝杆菌Rv1009结构域基因,经序列测定正确后进行融合表达和纯化。方法:采用PCR从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组中扩增出Rv1009结构域基因,用限制性内切酶消化后插入pUC-19克隆载体中,经测序正确后亚克隆到融合表达载体pPro-EXHT中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,目的基因经IPTG诱导,由T7启动子调控表达了N端带6个连续组氨酸残基的Rv1009结构域多肽,在变性条件下对目的蛋白进行纯化。结果:获得了结核分枝杆菌Rv1009结构域基因,得到融合6个组氨酸残基的Rv1009结构域多肽,纯化获得的蛋白纯度大于87%。结论:构建了结核分枝杆菌Rv1009结构域基因的重组表达载体,并获得了高纯度的融合表达蛋白,为后续深入研究奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌Rvl009结构域基因的克隆、表达及亲和层析纯化

目的：克隆结核分枝杆菌Rvl009结构域基因,经序列测定正确后进行融合表达和纯化。方法：采用PCR从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组中扩增出Rvl009结构域基因,用限制性内切酶消化后插入pUC-19克隆载体中,经测序正确后亚克隆到融合表达载体pPro-EXHT中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,目的基因经IPTG诱导,由T7启动子调控表达了N端带6个连续组氨酸残基的Rvl009结构域多肽,在变性条件下对目的蛋白进行纯化。结果：获得了结核分枝杆菌Rvl009结构域基因,得到融合6个组氨酸残基的Rvl009结构域多肽,纯化获得的蛋白纯度大于87％。结论：构建了结核分枝杆菌Rvl009结构域基因的重组表达载体,并获得了高纯度的融合表达蛋白,为后续深入研究奠定了基础。     

PTD融和蛋白的原核表达及其抗体制备

目的:为制备凋亡素重组蛋白抗体,首先获得凋亡素重组蛋白融合基因LTA,而且通过原核表达系统表达重组蛋白并制备其抗体,为进一步利用凋亡素重组蛋白导向治疗肿瘤的检测奠定基础.方法:应用重叠延伸的基因融合技术将LHRH(黄体生成激素释放激素)基因、TAT(HIV-1反式转录激活因子)基因和凋亡素基因重组,构建成凋亡素重组蛋白原核表达载体pET-28a-LTA,随后将表达质粒转入BL21菌株,经IPTG诱导表达重组融合蛋白,将已表达的重组蛋白通过Ni-NTA亲和色谱柱进行纯化,并制备LTA凋亡素重组蛋白抗体.结果:表达产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,LTA蛋白融合基因获得高效表达,凝胶薄层扫描分析表明表达蛋白占菌体蛋白12.6%.LTA蛋白经Ni-NTA亲和色谱柱柱纯化,以纯化蛋白为抗原免疫獭兔制备凋亡素重组蛋白抗血清.结果表明抗体的效价为1: 12800.结论:应用重叠延伸的基因融合技术获得凋亡素重组蛋白融合基因LTA,通过原核表达系统表达重组蛋白并制备其抗体.     

重组环状胸腺五肽结构类似物Cyclo-（Cys- Arg-Lys –Asp-Val-Tyr）的制备、鉴定和活性检测

为了实现蛋白内含肽(Intein)介导的重组环状胸腺五肽结构类似物［cyclo-（Cys -Arg-Lys –Asp-Val-Tyr）,cTP］的高效制备,设计并合成编码6个氨基酸的cTP基因,克隆到表达载体pTWIN1,重组表达质粒pTW-cTp转化E.coli ER2566构建工程菌,IPTG诱导由几丁质结合域纯化标签（chitin binding domain,CBD）、2个蛋白内含肽和目的多肽组成的“多元”融合蛋白(CBD-intein1-cTP-intein2-CBD)的高效表达.几丁质柱亲合层析纯化融合蛋白后,改变pH值和温度诱导intein1 C端切割,硫醇MESNA诱导intein2 N端切割,释放N端为Cys,C端为硫酯的重组cTP线性前体,通过非保护多肽硫酯环合法实现环肽生成.激光飞行质谱结果显示,纯化产物的分子量为764.4,与环肽的理论值相符.免疫活性检测结果显示,环肽cTP较线性多肽TP-5具有更显著的促进巨噬细胞吞噬能力的活性（P<0.01）和促进B细胞抗体生成的活性（P<0.01）.     

棘孢木霉几丁质酶tachi2 基因的原核表达及酶学性质研究

目的:实现棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,研究几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质.方法:利用PCR技术扩增得到几丁质酶基因tachi2,将其克隆到原核表达载体pEHISTEV中,测序后,转化大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后进行Tachi2蛋白的纯化和复性.用纯化的目的蛋白Tachi2进行几丁质酶酶学性质的研究.结果:tachi2基因在重组大肠杆菌中正确表达,其主要以包涵体形式存在;重组蛋白Tachi2分子量约为44kDa,经过纯化和复性后得到的Tachi2有较高的几丁质酶活性.该酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为7.0,几丁质酶在40℃以下比较稳定、pH 6～9时酶有较高活性,受Cu2和Zn2+的强烈抑制.结论:成功实现了棘孢木霉几丁质酶基因tachi2的原核高效表达,表达纯化了重组蛋白,明确了几丁质酶Tachi2的酶学性质,为该几丁质酶的进一步开发利用和深入研究奠定了基础.     

猪丹毒丝菌C43065株表面保护性抗原A N端保护区在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达猪丹毒丝菌C43065株表面保护性抗原A(SpaA)N端保护区(SpaA-N),并检测其抗原性.方法:利用PCR方法从猪丹毒丝菌C43065株基因组中扩增出spaA基因片段,构建pMD18-spaA重组质粒并对插入片段进行测序;以pMD18-spaA重组质粒为模板,PCR扩增得到spoA-N基因片段,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-spaA-N,经序列测定证实正确后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),再经IFrG诱导表达GST-SpaA-N融合蛋白并纯化.结果:扩增得到的spaA基因长1 881 bp,编码由626个氨基酸残基构成的多肽;SDS-PAGE和Western印迹检测结果表明,诱导表达获得相对分子质量约64 000的GST-SpaA-N融合蛋白,该融合蛋白能与相应抗体发生特异性反应.结论:获得了在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达的GST-SpaA-N融合蛋白,为进一步研究猪丹毒丝菌免疫保护性抗原奠定了基础.     

烟曲霉几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

Chi4 4是烟曲霉 (Aspergillusfumigatus)YJ-407产生的一种胞外几丁质酶。通过用真菌几丁质酶保守氨基酸序列与Chi44的N-端序列检索烟曲霉部分基因组序列数据库 ,获得一个编号为contig555的烟曲霉基因组序列 ,可能包含烟曲霉几丁质酶的基因。根据检索结果用RT-PCR方法从烟曲霉YJ-407中克隆到1.4kb的cDNA片段 ,该cDNA的ORF编码一个395个氨基酸的蛋白 ,分子量为43.6kD。对其推导氨基酸序列分析表明该蛋白与其它真菌来源的几丁质酶同源 ,而且活性中心与人巨噬细胞几丁质酶高度同源。该cDNA已在E .coli与PichiapastorisGS115中获得表达 ,分别获得 43kD和44kD的重组蛋白 ,两种重组蛋白均有几丁质酶活性。与野生酶相比 ,大肠杆菌表达的43kD重组酶及Pichia酵母表达的44kD重组酶稳定性下降 ,说明Chi44的糖基化修饰可稳定酶蛋白.     

重组PTD-maxadilan的制备与鉴定

为了构建能够有效进入血脑屏障的新型融合蛋白PTD-maxadilan(PTD-MAX),设计编码融合蛋白PTD-MAX基因,克隆到表达载体pKYB,构建重组表达载体pKYB-PTD-MAX,转化大肠杆菌ER2566中。采用IPTG诱导由PTD-MAX、内含肽和几丁质组成的融合蛋白的表达。利用IMPACT(Intein Mediated Purification with an Affinity Chitin-binding Tag)介导的纯化系统制备目的融合蛋白PTD-MAX。所得的目的蛋白经激光飞行质谱测定分子量,结果与理论值相符。动物实验结果表明融合蛋白PTD-MAX能够有效穿越血脑屏障,重组PTD-MAX具有比天然maxadilan更显著(P<0.05)的抑制小鼠摄食的作用。融合蛋白PTD-MAX的构建和制备为其生物学功能的深入开发奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.