In silico and in vitro comparative activity of novel experimental derivatives against Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum promastigotes

This in silico and in vitro comparative study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of some biurets (K1 to K8) and glucantime against Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum promastigotes. Overall, eight experimental ligands and glucantime were docked using AutoDock 4.3 program into the active sites of Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum pteridine reductase 1, which were modeled using homology modeling programs. The colorimetric MTT assay was used to find L. major and L. infantum promastigotes viability at different concentrations of biuret derivatives in a concentration and time-dependent manner and the obtained results were expressed as 50% and 90% of inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀ and IC₉₀). In silico method showed that out of eight experimental ligands, four compounds were more active on pteridine reductase 1. K3 was the most active against L. major promastigotes with an IC₅₀ of 6.8 μM and an IC₉₀ of 40.2 μM, whereas for L. infantum promastigotes was K8 with IC₅₀ of 7.8 μM. The phenylethyl derivative (K7) showed less toxicity (IC₅₀s > 60 μM) in both Leishmania strains. Glucantime displayed less growth inhibition in concentration of about 20 μM. In silico and especially docking results in a recent study were in accordance with the in vitro activity of these compounds in presented study and compound K3, K2 and K8 showed reasonable levels of selectivity for the Leishmania pteridine reductase 1.     

Switching between penta- and hexacoordination with salen-silicon-complexes

The reaction between phenyltrichlorosilane and the tetradentate ligands o-HO-C₆H₄-C(CH₃)N-(CH₂)_n-NC(CH₃)-o-C₆H₄-OH (n = 2, 3, 4), supported by an amine base, yields pentacoordinate silicon complexes (C₆H₅)Si-[o-O-C₆H₄-C(CH₃)N-(CH₂)_n-N-C(CH₂)-o-C₆H₄-O] with enamine functionalized ligands. This reaction pattern can be transferred onto various ligands of 2-iminomethylphenolate-type. The resulting pentacoordinate silicon complexes react with a variety of Brønsted acids HY to yield hexacoordinate salen silicon complexes (C₆H₅)(Y)Si-[o-O-C₆H₄-C(CH₃)N-(CH₂)_n-NC(CH₃)-o-C₆H₄-O] (Y = benzoate, picrate, 8-oxyquinolinate, 2-oxy-1,4-naphthoquinonate, p-tert-butylphenolate, (5-phenyltetrazol)-2-ide, fluoride, tetrafluoroborate). Hexacoordination of their Si-atoms was confirmed by ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy and, in some cases, by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Examples for similarities and differences in the coordination behavior of the silicon atom and its heavier congeners (Ge, Sn) in the salen-type coordination sphere as well as data regarding the nucleophilicity of some of these novel enamine complexes are presented.     

Directing iridium-catalyzed C-C bond formation by selection of the ancillary ligands: Polymerization and cyclotrimerization of alkynes

The ability of organoiridium derivatives of catalyzing oligomerization and polymerization of terminal alkynes is markedly influenced by the nature of non-participative ligands coordinated to the metal. The dimeric species [Ir(cod)Cl]₂ and [Ir(cod)(OMe)]₂ (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) as well as the phosphine complexes HIr(cod)(PR₃)₂ (PR₃ = PPh₃, P(p-MeOC₆H₄)₃, P(o-MeOC₆H₄)Ph₂, PCyPh₂) catalyze the polymerization reaction, whereas the diphosphine derivatives HIr(cod)(P-P) (P-P = Ph₂P(CH₂)_nPPh₂ (n = 1-4), o-C₆H₄(PPh₂)₂) promote the regioselective formation of 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzenes. On the other hand, the iridium complexes with nitrogen chelating ligands Ir(cod)(N-N)X and Ir(hd)(N-N)X (hd = 1,5-hexadiene; N-N = 1,10-phenanthroline and substituted derivatives; X = halogen) catalyze alkynes polymerization. In most cases one catalytic reaction predominates over the other possible routes, so that polymerization often takes place in the absence of oligomerization side reactions, and conversely cyclotrimerization is rarely accompanied by formation of either polyene or dimers.     

Transition metal complexes (M = Cu, Ni and Mn) of Schiff-base ligands: Syntheses, crystal structures, and inhibitory bioactivities against urease and xanthine oxidase

Six new transition metal complexes (M = Cu(II), Ni(II) and Mn(III)) of tridentate (H₂L¹, HL²) and/or bidentate (HL³, HL⁴) Schiff-base ligands, obtained from the condensation of salicylaldehyde with glycine, N-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine, 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenylic acid and 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzsulfamide, respectively, were synthesized and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Complexes 1-6 were evaluated for their effect on the jack bean urease and xanthine oxidase (XO). Copper(II) complexes 1-3 (IC₅₀ = 0.43-2.25 μM) showed potent inhibitory activity against jack bean urease, comparable with acetohydroxamicacid (IC₅₀ = 42.12 μM), which is a positive reference. And these copper(II) complexes (IC₅₀ = 10.26-15.82 μM) also exhibited strong ability to inhibit activity of XO, comparable to allopurinol (IC₅₀ = 10.37 μM), which was used as a positive reference. Nickel(II) and manganese(III) complexes 4-6 showed weak inhibitory activity to jack bean urease (IC₅₀ = 4.36-8.25 μM) and no ability to inhibit XO (IC₅₀ > 100 μM).     

Rh and Ir dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene complexes: Chloro, hydroxo, and mixed Au oxo complexes

New and improved procedures are reported for the synthesis of [M(DBCOT)(μ-Cl)]₂ (M = Rh, Ir; DBCOT = dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene) from MCl₃(H₂O)_x or [M(COD)(μ-Cl)]₂ and DBCOT. Treatment of [M(DBCOT)(μ-Cl)]₂ with [(LAu)₃(μ-O)]BF₄(L = PPh₃, P^tBu₃) yields the mixed-metal oxo complexes [M(DBCOT)(μ⁴-O)(AuL)₂]₂(BF₄)₂. Dimeric [Rh(DBCOT)(μ-OH)]₂ is obtained from the reaction of [M(DBCOT)(μ-Cl)]₂ with KOH in EtOH/H₂O. All complexes except [Rh(DBCOT)(μ-Cl)]₂ have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Complexation associated rearrangement of iminobiphosphines to diphosphinoamines

The reaction of the iminobiphosphines RNPPh₂-PPh₂, where R = C₆H₄(p-CN), C₆H₄(m-CN), C₆H₄(o-C₆H₅), C₆F₅ or C₆H₄(o-CF₃), with one molecular equivalent of M(cod)Cl₂ (M = Pd or Pt) results in a rearrangement of the NPP unit to the more commonly encountered P-N-P unit, forming mono-chelating complexes of general formula M{RN(PPh₂)₂}Cl₂. The related reaction of the same range of iminobiphosphines with Pt(cod)Cl₂ (but not Pd(cod)Cl₂) in 2:1 ratio affords complexes of general formula [Pt{RN(PPh₂)₂}₂]2Cl. All 15 complexes are isolated in moderate to high yield and they have been fully characterised by spectroscopic methods. Six complexes, viz. [M{C₆H₄(p-CN)N(PPh₂)₂}Cl₂], [M{C₆H₄(m-CN)N(PPh₂)₂}Cl₂] and [M{C₆H₄(o-C₆H₅)N(PPh₂)₂}Cl₂] (M = Pd and Pt), have been characterised in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.     

A series of d transition metal coordination complexes: Structures and comparative study of surface electron behaviors (n = 9, 8, 7, 6, 5)

Ten transition metal coordination complexes [Cu₂(phen)(p-tpha)(μ-O)]_n1, [Cu(m-tpha)(imH)₂]_n2, [Ni(5-Haipa)₂(H₂O)₂]_n3, [Ni(phen)₂(H₂O)₂]·btc·[Ni(H₂O)₆]_0.5·9H₂O 4, [Co(2,5-pdc)(H₂O)₂]_n·nH₂O 5, [Co₂(2,5-pdc)₂(H₂O)₆]_n·2nH₂O 6, [Fe(2,5-Hpdc)₂(H₂O)₂]·H₂O 7, [Co(C₆H₄NO₂)₃]·H₂O 8, [Fe₂(μ₂-btec)(μ₂-H₂btec)(bipy)₂(H₂O)₂]_n9, [Mn(phen)(2,5-pdc)(H₂O)₂]·H₂O 10 (H₄btec = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,5-H₂pdc = 2,5-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid, p-tpha = p-phthalic acid, m-tpha = m-phthalic acid, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, 5-H₂aipa = 5-aminoisophthalic acid, imH = imidazole, H₃btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) were synthesized through hydrothermal method. They were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and surface photovoltage spectra (SPS). Structural analysis indicated that the complexes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 9 were linked into infinite structures bridged by organic acid ligands. The other four complexes were molecular complexes and further connected to 2D or 3D structures by the hydrogen bonds. The SPS of complexes 1-10 indicate that there are positive response bands in the range of 300-800 nm showing different levels of photo-electric conversion properties. The intensity, position, shape and the number of the response bands in SPS are obviously different since the structure, species, valence, dⁿ electrons configuration and coordinated environment of the center metals are different. There are good relationships between SPS and UV-Vis spectra.     

New series of 3,5-disubstituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine thione (THTT) derivatives: Synthesis and potent antileishmanial activity

Four series of heterocyclic compounds, namely, tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine thione derivatives were synthesized in good to excellent yields and were screened for their in vitro antileishmanial activities against Leishmania major (promastigotes). Most of the compounds showed significant antileishmanial activity within the range of IC₅₀?=?15.48–39.36?μM when compared with standard pentamidine (IC₅₀?=?14.95?μM). The structure-activity relationship showed that N-3 and N-5 substituents have a key role against leishmanicidal activity. The ester analogues (series B) were found to have a 1.5 to 5-fold reduced activity compared to their acidic counterparts. Cytotoxicity against mammalian mouse fibroblast 3?T3 cells was also evaluated and compared between the acid and its ester analogue. The reduction of antileishmanial activity and loss of toxicity in the newly developed THTT ester derivative indicates that these compounds can be used as a template study for the production of effective antileishmanial ester prodrugs.     

X-ray crystallographic investigation and biological activities of Ru(III) complexes containing Schiff base and triphenyl phosphine/arsine

The crystal structures of the complexes [RuCl(Nap-o-phd)(AsPh₃)] and [RuBr(Nap-o-phd)(PPh₃)] (where H₂-Nap-o-phd = N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) o-phenylenediamine) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The antibacterial properties of the complexes have also been examined.     

Vanadium polypyridyl compounds as potential antiparasitic and antitumoral agents: new achievements

In the search for new therapeutic tools against diseases produced by kinetoplastid parasites five vanadyl complexes, [V^IVO(L-2H)(phen)], including 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and tridentate salicylaldehyde semicarbazone derivatives as ligands have been synthesized and characterized in the solid state and in solution by using different techniques. EPR suggested a distorted octahedral geometry with the tridentate semicarbazone occupying three equatorial positions and phen coordinated in an equatorial/axial mode. The compounds were evaluated in vitro on epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease, Leishmania panamensis and Leishmania chagasi and on tumor cells. The complexes showed higher in vitro anti-trypanosomal activities than the reference drug Nifurtimox (IC₅₀ values in the range 1.6-3.8 μM) and increased activities in respect to the free semicarbazone ligands. In vitro activity on promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania showed interesting results. The compounds [VO(L1-2H)(phen)] and [VO(L3-2H)(phen)], where L1 = 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde semicarbazone and L3 = 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde semicarbazone, resulted active (IC₅₀ 2.74 and 2.75 μM, respectively, on promastigotes of L. panamensis; IC₅₀ 19.52 and 20.75 μM, respectively, on intracellular amastigotes of L. panamensis) and showed low toxicity on THP-1 mammalian cells (IC₅₀ 188.55 and 88.13 μM, respectively). In addition, the complexes showed cytotoxicity on human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with IC₅₀ values of the same order of magnitude as cisplatin. The interaction of the complexes with DNA was demonstrated by different techniques, suggesting that this biomolecule could be a potential target either in the parasites or in tumor cells.     

Remarkable photocytotoxicity in hypoxic HeLa cells by a dipyridophenazine copper(II) Schiff base thiolate

Copper(II) complexes [Cu(satp)(L)] (1-3) of a Schiff base thiolate (salicylidene-2-aminothiophenol, H₂satp) and phenanthroline bases (L), viz. 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1), dipyrido[3,2-d:2′,3′-f]quinoxaline (dpq in 2) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz in 3), were prepared, characterized and their anaerobic DNA photocleavage activity and hypoxic photocytotoxicity studied. The redox active complexes show the Cu(II)-Cu(I) couple near − 0.5 V for 1 and near 0.0 V vs. SCE (saturated calomel electrode) for 2 and 3. The one-electron paramagnetic complexes (~ 1.85 μ_B) are avid DNA binders giving K_b values within 1.0 × 10⁵ − 8.0 × 10⁵ M^− 1. Thermal melting and viscosity data along with molecular docking calculations suggest DNA groove and/or partial intercalative binding of the complexes. The complexes show anaerobic DNA cleavage activity in red light under argon via type-I pathway, while DNA photocleavage in air proceeds via hydroxyl radical pathway. The DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal a thyil radical pathway for the anaerobic DNA photocleavage activity and suggest the possibility of generation of a transient copper(I) species due to bond breakage between the copper and sulfur to generate the thyil radical. An oxidation of the copper(I) species is likely by oxygen in an aerobic medium or by the buffer medium in an anaerobic condition. Complex 3 exhibits significant photocytotoxicity in HeLa cells (IC₅₀ = 8.3(± 1.0) μM) in visible light, while showing lower dark toxicity (IC₅₀ = 17.2(± 1.0) μM). A significant reduction in the dark toxicity is observed under hypoxic cellular conditions (IC₅₀ = 30.0(± 1.0) μM in dark), while retaining its photocytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 8.0(± 1.0) μM).     

Zinc complexes with tricarballylic acid and Lewis bases with zero- and two-dimensional structures

Three ternary zinc complexes of the open chain polycarboxylic acid, tricarballylic (1,2,3-propane-tricarboxylic) acid (PTCH₃) have been isolated and characterized with crystallographic and physicochemical techniques. [Zn(PTCH)(phen)(H₂O)]₂ · 4H₂O (1) (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has a unique dinuclear structure, while [Zn(PTCH)(bpy)]_n · 3nH₂O (2) and [Zn(PTCH)(epy)]_n · 4nH₂O (3) (where bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine and epy = 1,2-bis(4-pyridine)ethane) have 2D polymeric structures. The bis-deprotonated ligand, in all three complexes, uses for coordination only two oxygen atoms, which belong to the same carboxylate in 1, and to two different carboxylates in 2 and 3.     

Chalcogenolato-bridged cyclometallated binuclear palladium complexes: Synthesis, spectroscopy, structures of [Pd2(μ-Cl)(μ-SMes)(C10H6NMe2-C,N)2] and [Pd2(μ-SePh)2(C10H6NMe2-C,N)2]

Reactions of orthometallated binuclear palladium complexes with NaER, obtained by NaBH₄ reduction of R₂E₂ in methanol, gave complexes, [Pd₂(μ-ER)₂(C^∩Y)₂] (HC^∩Y = N,N-dimethylbenzylamine (C₆H₅CH₂NMe₂), N,N-dimethylnaphthylamine (C₁₀H₇NMe₂), tri-o-tolylphosphine {P(tol-o)₃}; ER=SePh, SeMes, TePh, TeMes (Mes = 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₂). Similar reactions of [Pd₂(μ-Cl)₂(C₁₀H₆NMe₂-C,N)₂] with Pb(SMes)₂ or MesSH in the presence of NaHCO₃ gave chloro/thiolato-bridged complex [Pd₂(μ-Cl)(μ-SMes)(C₁₀H₆NMe₂-C,N)₂]. The newly synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, IR, NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P, ⁷⁷Se, ¹²⁵Te) spectroscopy. These complexes crystallized out preferentially in sym-cis configuration. A low energy charge transfer transition has been identified from chalcogenolate centers to an emptyπ^∗ orbital of cyclometallated ligand in absorption spectroscopy in these complexes. The structures of [Pd₂(μ-Cl)(μ-SMes)(C₁₀H₆NMe₂-C,N)₂] (1) and [Pd₂(μ-SePh)₂(C₁₀H₆NMe₂-C,N) ₂] (3) have been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In the former, the two palladium atoms are held together by chloro and thiolato bridges whereas in the latter, the two phenylselenolato ligands bridge two palladium atoms. The pyrolysis of [Pd(μ-TeMes)(C₁₀H₆NMe₂-C,N)]₂ (10) in a furnace gave Pd₇Te₃ whereas thermolysis in TOPO afforded primarily PdTe₂.     

Synthesis and antitubercular activity of novel Schiff bases derived from d-mannitol

Six Schiff base derivatives of d-mannitol, 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-bis-{[(E)-arylmethylidene]amino}-d-mannitol (6: aryl = XC₆H₄: X = o-, m- and p- Cl or NO₂), have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇Rv using the Alamar Blue susceptibility test and the activity expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in μg/mL. All three nitro derivatives exhibit significant activities: activities of (6d: X = o-NO₂), (6e: X = m-NO₂) and (6f: X = p-NO₂) are 12.5, 25.0 and 25.0 μg/mL, respectively. When compared with first line drugs, such as ethambutol, they can be considered as a good starting point to develop new lead compounds for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Characterization of the new compounds 6 is generally achieved spectroscopically. The structure of compound 3 has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography.     

Synthesis, structure and luminescence study of two cadmium(II) coordination polymers with hetero donor ligands: Expansion of network dimensionality from 2D to 3D through hydrogen bonding

Two coordination polymers of cadmium with formula [Cd(pyp)₂(H₂O)₂]_n (1) and {[Cd₂(pyzca)₃(atr)(H₂O)]·H₂O}_n (2) [pypH = 3-pyridinepropionic acid, pyzcaH = 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid and atrH = 5-aminotetrazole] have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Both complexes display 2D structures that extend into a 3D network by means of hydrogen bonding. The crystal packing of both complexes is reinforced by π-π interactions between adjacent aromatic rings. The fluorescence study indicates intraligand π-π* charge transfer, which is the reason for emission in both the complexes.     

Spectrophotometric quantification of horseradish peroxidase with o-phenylenediamine

The assay conditions for the spectrophotometric quantification of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with the chromogenic substrate o-phenylenediamine (OPD) at 25 °C in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were optimized. With [OPD]₀ = 3.14 mM and [H₂O₂]₀ = 80 μM at pH 7.2, the initial formation of only one of the possible reaction products and intermediates, 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP, λ_max = 417 nm), was observed. The rate of DAP formation during the first 30 min of reaction was followed spectrophotometrically and found to linearly depend on the HRP concentration between 5 and 45 pM under the conditions used.     

High-valent bis(oxo)-bridged dinuclear manganese oxamates: Synthesis, crystal structures, magnetic properties, and electronic structure calculations of bis(μ-oxo)dimanganese(IV) complexes with a binucleating o-phenylenedioxamate ligand

Two novel bis(oxo)-bridged dinuclear manganese(IV) complexes with the binucleating ligand o-phenylenebis(oxamate) (opba), formulated as (Me₄N)₄[Mn₂O₂(opba)₂] (1a) and (Me₄N)₂(Ph₄P)₂[Mn₂O₂(opba)₂] · 8H₂O (1b), have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. Like the parent complex (Ph₄P)₄[Mn₂O₂(opba)₂] · 4H₂O (1c), they possess unique Mn₂(μ-O)₂ bridging cores with two additional o-phenylenediamidate bridges which lead to exceptionally short Mn-Mn distances (2.63-2.67 Å) and fairly bent Mn-O-Mn angles (93.8-95.5°). Complexes 1a-c show a moderate to strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two high-spin Mn^IV ions through the bis(oxo)bis(o-phenylenediamidate) quadruple bridge (−J = 70-164 cm⁻¹; H = −JS₁ · S₂). Along this series, the −J values increase with the shortening of the Mn-Mn distance and/or the lessening of the Mn-O-Mn angle. Electronic structure calculations on model complexes reproduce the observed dependence of −J with the Mn-O-Mn angle at short intermetallic distances, and reveal that the magnetic coupling is dominated by the in-plane 3d_x²-y² type superexchange pathway via the oxo bridges with a small but nonnegligible contribution from direct 3d_x²-y² type Mn-Mn σ-bond.     

Synthesis, crystal structures, DNA-binding properties, cytotoxic and antioxidation activities of several new ternary copper(II) complexes of N,N′-(p-xylylene)di-alanine acid and 1,10-phenanthroline

Three novel ternary copper(II) complexes, [Cu₂(phen)₂(l-PDIAla)(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₂·2.5H₂O (1), [Cu₄(phen)₆(d,l-PDIAla)(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₆·3H₂O (2) and [Cu₂(phen)₂(d,l-PDIAla)(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂·0.5H₂O (3) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, H₂PDIAla = N,N’-(p-xylylene)di-alanine acid) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and other structural analysis. Spectrometric titrations, ethidium bromide displacement experiments, CD (circular dichroism) spectral analysis and viscosity measurements indicate that the three compounds, especially the complex 3, strongly bind to calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA). The intrinsic binding constants of the ternary copper(II) complexes with CT-DNA are 0.89 × 10⁵, 1.14 × 10⁵ and 1.72 × 10⁵ M⁻¹, for 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Comparative cytotoxic activities of the copper(II) complexes are also determined by acid phosphatase assay. The results show that the ternary copper(II) complexes have significant cytotoxic activity against the HeLa (Cervical cancer), HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma), HL-60 cells (myeloid leukemia), A-549 cells (pulmonary carcinoma) and L02 (liver cells). Investigations of antioxidation properties show that all the copper(II) complexes have strong scavenging effects for hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals.     

Monoorganobismuth(III) dithiocarboxylates: Synthesis, structures and their utility as molecular precursors for the preparation of Bi2S3 films and nanocrystals

Synthesis of a series of monoorganobismuth dithiocarboxylate complexes, [RBi(S₂CAr)₂] (R = Me, Ph, tol; Ar = Ph, tol), has been reported. They have been characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods. Molecular structures of [RBi(S₂Ctol)₂] (R = Me or Ph) have been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The bismuth atom in these complexes adopts a square pyramidal configuration with the R group at the apical position. In the solid state, these complexes show supra-molecular association devoid of Bi?S secondary interactions. Thermolysis of [RBi(S₂Ctol)₂] (R = Me or Ph) in refluxing diphenylether yielded Bi₂S₃ nanocrystals which were characterized by XRD, EDAX and SEM. The complex [PhBi(S₂Ctol)₂] has been employed for deposition of thin films of Bi₂S₃ by AACVD.     

Syntheses, spectroscopic characterization and X-ray structural studies of lanthanide complexes with adamantyl substituted 4-acylpyrazol-5-one

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of new lanthanide complexes [Ln(Q_AD)₃(EtOH)(H₂O)], (Ln = Tb, Eu; HQ_AD = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-adamantylcarbonyl-pyrazol-5-one), [H₃O][Tb(Q_AD)₄], [Ln(Q_AD)₃(N-N)] (Ln = Tb, Eu; N-N = 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), 2,2′-bipyridyl (Bipy), 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (4,4′-Me₂Bipy)) are reported. The crystal structures of the proligand HQ_AD and of complexes [H₃O][Tb(Q_AD)₄] and [Tb(Q_AD)₃(4,4′-Me₂Bipy)] have been determined. In both complexes the lanthanide ions are in a square antiprismatic environment, the H₃O⁺ cation in the former acid complex being stabilized by H-bonding. Luminescence studies have been performed on selected derivatives.