泰山白首乌塑料大棚弥雾蔓插育苗技术

利用塑料大棚弥雾进行泰山白首乌蔓茎扦插育苗,加快了白首乌的繁殖速度。实验证明：6月中旬选用IBA 1000mg/kg处理扦插生根率为72％,8月20日进行大田移栽,移植成活率达95％。     

白首乌组织培养与器官发生的细胞组织学研究

白首乌(Cynanchurn bungei)属于萝摩科鹅绒藤属植物,历有泰山药材“四大名产”之一的美称。主治久病虚弱、神经衰弱、贫血、须发早白、慢性风痹,失明健忘等症。本研究将白首乌的茎段和叶片外植体分别在无菌条件下接种到附加有细胞分裂素 BA 和生长素2,4-D 的 MC培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导培养,培养一周后可见茎段两端,叶片的叶脉处开始膨大,继而产生愈伤组织。研究发现不同激素组合对外植体的愈伤组织诱导有明显的影响,其中以0.     

白首乌化学成分与药理活性研究进展

白首乌类植物含有C21甾体酯甙类、磷脂类、苯乙酮甙类等化学成分,具有抗氧化、调节免疫功能、抗肿瘤、抗缺氧、降血脂等多种药理活性.主要综述了近年来白首乌类植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展概况.     

江苏地产药白首乌的研究现状及进展

江苏地产白首乌是一传统中药,为萝摩科植物耳叶牛皮消Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight的块根,具有多种药理作用.通过对其药源、生物活性成分及主要药理作用的研究现状及进展进行综述,为白首乌的进一步开发提供参考.     

滨海白首乌提取物对酪氨酸酶活力的影响

以l-dopa为底物,研究了白首乌提取物的酪氨酸酶活性影响作用。结果表明白首乌提取物对酪氨酸酶抑制作用显著,可使酶促反应进程出现较长迟滞期,稳态酶活力缓慢下降。白首乌提取物终浓度80.0μg/mL时,迟滞时间为626 s,稳态酶活力相对维生素C抑制率为56.25%。白首乌提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制机理为可逆的竞争性抑制。     

滨海白首乌粉发酵试验

目的:通过制备固态复合微生物制剂与白首乌粉发酵试验,为白首乌粉发酵饮料制备提供科学依据。方法:选用枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、乳酸菌等菌最优培养基,各菌种经培养扩大后分别接种到以白首乌粉为原料的发酵培养基。分别测定固态复合微生物制剂的蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维的含量,测定菌体生物量、粗蛋白含量和总蛋白得率;分析发酵白首乌粉的氨基酸变化。结果:固态复合微生物制剂的有效活菌总数为3.09×109g-1,菌体生物量为5.69 g/L,菌体总蛋白得率为0.194 g/L。发酵前白首乌粉氨基酸总量为7.119 g/100g,其中精氨酸与谷氨酸含量比较高,分别达到1.833 g/100g,1.241 g/100g;测得发酵后白首乌粉氨基酸总量为7.369 g/100g,其中精氨酸与谷氨酸含量比较高,分别达到1.591 g/100g,1.245 g/100g。发酵后,精氨酸和胱氨酸减少,其他氨基酸不同程度的增加。结论:制备的固态复合微生物制剂活细菌数量能够保证白首乌粉的发酵,发酵后白首乌粉部分氨基酸含量增加,改善了白首乌粉的品质,为白首乌饮料制备提供依据。     

白首乌对超氧阴离子自由基清除作用的研究

为深入探讨耳叶牛皮消块根（白首乌）的药理作用,指导其保健食品的研究与开发,采用化学发光法测定了去皮白首乌及白首乌栓皮对超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ－２）的清除作用。结果表明,两者均能直接清除Ｏ－２,其ＩＣ５０分别为６９６９μｇ／ｍｌ和２２９８μｇ／ｍｌ,而且后者对Ｏ－２的清除能力比前者高出３０多倍,并同时测定了赤何首乌、西洋参、灵芝、当归、黄芪、菊花和竹叶。结果表明,去皮白首乌清除Ｏ－２的能力显著低于赤何首乌和灵芝,与西洋参和当归相差不大,显著高于黄芪、菊花和竹叶。而白首乌栓皮清除Ｏ－２的能力却高于其中任何一种中药。     

泰山丹参生物学特性及其人工繁育技术探讨

泰山丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)天然野生在泰山中天门以上.为解决野生丹参货源少,价格偏高,而目前市场对其需求量逐年增大的实际矛盾,大力开发和充分利用这一珍贵植物资源,笔者针对泰山丹参的生物学特点进行了人工繁育技术探讨,并对如何提高产量和质量做了细致分析.     

滨海白首乌(耳叶牛皮消)药理活性研究进展

滨海白首乌(耳叶牛皮消)是一种传统中药材,为萝藦科鹅绒藤属植物耳叶牛皮消的块根。耳叶牛皮消具有抗肿瘤、调节免疫、抗氧化、抗衰老、调血脂、促进毛发生长、保护脏器等多种药理活性。本文分析了耳叶牛皮消药理活性,提出了今后耳叶牛皮消研究与开发利用方向。     

泰山沙参属植物资源调查与营养成分分析

目的:了解泰山沙参属植物资源现状,测定其根中脂肪、蛋白质及多糖的含量,为合理开发利用泰山沙参属植物资源提供依据。方法:采用野外实地调查法进行资源考察;分别用索氏提取法、考马斯亮蓝法和苯酚-硫酸法测定脂肪、蛋白质和多糖的含量。结果:采集的100余份标本,经鉴定为沙参属植物狭叶沙参[Adenophora gmeli-nii(Spreng)Fisch.]、石沙参(Adenophora polyantha Nakai)、杏叶沙参(Adenophora stricta Mig.)及细叶沙参(Adeno-phora paniculata Nannf.)。泰山沙参属植物狭叶沙参、石沙参、杏叶沙参和细叶沙参脂肪含量分别为2.14%～7.34%,4.27%～7.72%1,.54%～2.51%和4.98%。蛋白质含量分别为0.60～2.10 mg/g0,.80～1.89 mg/g,0.83～0.89 mg/g和1.05 mg/g,多糖含量分别为20.58%～63.21%2,7.74%～65.14%,43.14%～48.47%和45.60%。结论:泰山野生沙参属植物资源丰富,品种多、分布广、蕴藏量大,多糖含量较高,具有较大的开发前景。     

Steroidal glycosides from Cynanchum forrestii Schlechter

Nine new steroidal glycosides, cynaforrosides B, C, D, E, and F, based on a 13, 14: 14, 15-disecopregnane-type skeleton, cynaforrosides G, H, and I with a new aglycone named cynaforrogenin A, and cynaforroside J together with three known C21 steroidal glycosides cynatratoside A, hancoside and komaroside C were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Cynanchum forrestii Schlechter. The structures of new compounds were determined on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Steroidal glycosides with three kinds of skeletons were isolated from this plant simultaneously. The sugar units of cynaforrosides B-I contained two moieties of glucoses and especially cynaforrosides E-I contained two glucoses with the mode of 1-->6 linkage, which were rare among steroidal glycosides of the genus Cynanchum.     

12种鹅绒藤属（萝藦科）植物花粉器形态学研究

用光学显微镜对萝藦科（Asclepiadaceae）鹅绒藤属（Cynanchum）12种植物花粉器形态进行了观察。结果表明：花粉块的形态有3种类型：球形、长球形和超长球形。着粉腺的形态有6种类型：长圆形、方形、近方形、三角形、正三角形和近三角形。花粉器形态学结果对青羊参（Cynanchum otophyllum）在鹅绒藤属中的分类具有较大意义;支持《中国植物志》第63卷中对催吐白前组（Sect. Vincetoxicum）的分组处理;结合鹅绒藤属花粉块下垂,娃儿藤属（Tylophora）花粉块平展的特点,支持将娃儿藤属作为一个独特类群的观点。     

Two new species and a new name in Andean Asclepiadaceae

Two new species of Asclepiadaceae, Cynanchum ellemannii and Gonolobus saraguranus , collected by Lis Elleman the "Aarhus University Ecuador Project" as part of an ethnobotanical study in the Province of Loja, are here described and illustrated. Moreover, the new name Cynanchum trianae is proposed.     

水分胁迫对牛心朴子叶片光合色素及叶绿素荧光的影响

研究了水分胁迫对牛心朴子叶片光合色素及叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明,在长期的水分胁迫中,牛心朴子叶片的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量没有下降或下降不明显。直到处理末期才显著下降;叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm变化不大,在处理末期各处理Fo降低,轻度、重度水分胁迫的Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm升高。说明K期水分胁迫后牛心朴子的光合功能受到影响,但牛心朴子仍表现出较强的适应干旱的能力。     

The Chemotaxonomy of Cynanchum and Its Allied Genera

This paper is a continuation of “Chemotaxonomy of Cynanchum and Its Allied Genera with Notes on the Generic Characteristics of Vincetoxicum”, published in Acta Botanica Yunnanica (11: 41-50, 1989). There are other three sections of Cynanchum in “Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae” (Vol. 63), which were considered as separate genera by some authors. These sections are Cynanchum Sect. Rhodostegiella, Sect. Seutera and Sect. Cyathella, also of a single corona. They were not given generic rank as chemical data of Sect. Rhodostegiella were inavailable. It is for this reason that we have studied the chemical constituents of this section. A very marvellous result was obtained. No C₂₁ steroidal compounds but flavonols were identified from the section Rhodostegiella. Some flavones were isolated from Hoya bella of Asclepiadaceae (Bass et al., 1979), but no report has been given from Cynanchum and the tribe Asclepiadeae up to now. The family Asclepiadaceae mainly contains C21 steroids, but some genera contain cardenolides or terpenoids, and only a few genera, such as Cryptolepis and Tylophora, have alkaloids. The genus Cynanchum sensu Tsiang et P. T. Li, like most members of Asclepiadaceae, has C₂₁ steroids except the section Rhodostegiella. Flavonols, therefore, may be the characteristic of the section. Considering the corona characteristics and geographical distribution, we suggest that the section Rhodostegiella be given generic rank. Because of the separation of Vincetoxicum Wolf and Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C. Y. Wu et D. Z. Li from Cynanchum sensu Tsiang et P.T. Li, the rank of the sections Seutera and Cyathella should be reconsidered. Obviously, the problem of evolution of the sections of Cynanchum sensu Tsiang et P. T. Li is complicated. The corona, chemical constituents, habit, root-type are not congruent with one another in evolution. The authors support the establishment of the genera Seutera and Cyathella by Reichenbach (1828) and Decne (1838) respectively. Taxonomic treatments, including a new status, Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C.Y. Wu et D. Z. Li, and 12 new combinations, are given.Key words Cynanchum Linn.; Rhodostegiella (Pobed.) C. Y. Wu et D. Z. Li; Seutera Reichb.; Cyathella Decne.; Flavonols; Chemotaxonomy; New combination     

中国鹅绒藤属(萝藦科)植物研究进展

从分类历史、地理分布、实验生物学研究等方面综述了中国鹅绒藤属(萝藦科)植物的研究进展,并就该属植物分类、实验生物学、种质资源保护与开发利用等未来研究方向和重点提出了建议。     

鹅绒藤属及其近缘属的化学分类——兼论Vincetoxicum的恢复问题

本文讨论了鹅绒藤属及其近缘属的分类问题。根据这类植物所含的C_(21)甾体甙元结构类型的分类,生源合成途径假说,以及C_(21)甾休甙元的分布,结合形态学的比较分析和其它证据,认为Vincetoxicum是一个脱胎于Cynanchum,但又较之进化的自然类群,应恢复其属级地位。列举了国产白前属全部分类群的正确学名,其中包括15个新组合,1个改级新组合和1个新改级。     

广东及香港、澳门鹅绒藤属药用植物资源

根据野外实地调查和文献查阅,对广东及香港、澳门鹅绒藤属药用植物资源的种类、分布、药用部位、化学成分与药理研究等方面进行了概述,并就该属植物在上述三地的资源保护与开发利用提出了建议。     

Dissolution of Cynanchum sect. Macbridea (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)

As a consequence of the recently established polyphyly of American Cynanchum (Apocynaceae—Asclepiadoideae), the former section Macbridea is analyzed in detail using molecular, karyological and morphological data. Three of the five species, C. angustifolium, C. peninsulare and C. utahense , are transferred to Funastrum: F. angustifolium, F peninsulare and F utahense. The remaining two species, C. grisebachii and C wrightianum are known from the type only and it is suggested to cite them as "Cynanchum" grisebachii and "C." wrightianum until analyzable material becomes available.