肋骨接骨板的临床应用研究

目的:探讨肋骨接骨板治疗外伤性连枷胸的方法和疗效。方法:将我院2008年2月至2011年3月收治的47例外伤性连枷胸患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。分为内固定组(肋骨接骨板内固定术)21例和保守组(呼吸机气体内固定、加压包扎固定)26例。对二组病例的恢复情况及并发症进行对照比较。结果:骨折全部骨性愈合,内固定组并发症发生率低于保守组(P<0.05),恢复优于保守组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肋骨接骨板内固定术治疗外伤性连枷胸安全可行,且术后并发症少,值得推广。     

对侧皮质锁定螺钉与锁定螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折疗效比较

目的:比较对侧皮质锁定螺钉与锁定螺钉治疗股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析自2013年5月至2016年8月诊治的52例股骨远端骨折患者,采用对侧皮质锁定螺钉+NCB接骨板内固定治疗26例(A组:对侧皮质锁定组),采用锁定螺钉+NCB接骨板内固定治疗26例(B组:锁定螺钉组)。记录两组手术出血量和手术时间、切口长度、内固定治疗后骨折愈合时间、内固定治疗后完全负重时间、内固定治疗后并发症发生率等,在每个随访节点对每位患者进行患肢的正侧位X线平片检查,末次随访时对患肢进行膝关节功能评分,采用美国特种外科医院膝关节评分标准评定患肢功能。骨折愈合的定义为活动时骨折处无痛且在骨折正侧位X线平片上可见到断端骨皮质骨痂连接。术后并发症包括:关节僵硬、内固定断裂、骨不连以及感染等。结果:本研究52例骨折均获得至少12个月的随访。两组在手术相关指标及切口愈合等方面均无明显差异(P均0.05)。在骨折愈合以及完全负重时间方面,A组均显著短于B组(P均0.05)。末次随访时52例患者患肢膝关节功能:A组:优18例,良5例,差4例,优良率88.5%;B组:优15例,良6例,中4例,差1例,优良率80.8%。两组对比A组优良率显著高于B组(P0.05)。两组并发症对比无明显差异:A组发生骨不连2例,骨折内固定断裂2例。B组发生骨不连3例,畸形愈合2例。结论:与传统锁定螺钉相比,对侧皮质锁定螺钉在骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间、术后患肢功能优良率方面具有优势,但在并发症发生率方面没有明显差异。对侧皮质锁定螺钉的治疗指征及自身强度还有待大样本、多中心的临床研究进一步明确。     

记忆钛合金肋骨接骨板对多发肋骨骨折患者呼吸功能及预后的影响

目的:探讨记忆钛合金肋骨接骨板对多发肋骨骨折(MRF)患者呼吸功能及预后的影响。方法:将2016年1月-2018年12月六院集团胸外科收治的300例MRF患者,按照随机数字表法分为研究组(150例)和对照组(150例),分别采用记忆钛合金肋骨接骨板内固定术、环形接骨板内固定术。观察两组患者手术情况、呼吸功能及并发症的发生情况。结果:与对照组比较,研究组的机械通气时间、下床行走时间显著缩短(P0.05)。术后10 d,两组各肺功能指标均显著改善,研究组显著优于对照组(P0.05);术后3个月,研究组FVC、FEV1水平显著优于对照组(P0.05)。术后住院期间,研究组胸腔闭式引流时间和总并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:记忆钛合金肋骨接骨板内固定治疗MRF可较好实现骨折复位,促进术后恢复及近远期呼吸功能改善,减少术后并发症,改善患者预后。     

不同植入物内固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的临床对比研究

目的:探讨不同植入物内固定治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连的临床疗效。方法:选择我科2010年2月~2013年2月四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者38例,按照随机数表法将38例患者随机分为两组,分别为LC-DCP组以及LCP组,每组各19例,观察两组患者的平均手术持续时间、骨折临床愈合时间、X线骨痂评分以及并发症。结果:LC-DCP组平均手术持续时间为(134.73±12.91)min,LCP组为(129.54±14.87)min,两组比较不存在统计学差异(P0.05)。LC-DCP组患者平均骨折临床愈合时间为(3.94±0.83)月,LCP组为(3.81±0.69)月,两组间不存在统计学显著性差异(P0.05)。LC-DCP组患者X线骨痂评价标准平均评分值为(2.73±0.51)分,LCP组为(2.86±0.49)分,两组间差异不存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种钢板联合植骨治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连均能够取得良好的治疗效果,均可以作为治疗四肢创伤骨折后骨不连患者的有效方法。     

微创锁定接骨板与传统切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:探讨微创锁定接骨板与传统切开复位内固定术治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取89例肱骨近端骨折患者,根据手术方法不同分为两组,观察组(45例)给予微创锁定接骨板治疗,对照组(44例)给予传统切开复位内固定治疗,比较两组手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术中出血量、术后1个月Neer和Constant-Murley评分。结果:观察组患者手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P0.05)。术后1个月,观察组Constant-Murley各项评分及总分均显著优于对照组(P0.05);按Neer评分,观察组优良率为91.1%,明显高于对照组(68.1%,P0.05)。结论:与传统切开复位内固定术相比,微创锁定接骨板能更好,安全性更高,可更快更有效地促进肱骨近端骨折患者肩关节功能的恢复。     

髓内钉及其骨折内固定的力学研究

“Ｖ”形和梅花形髓内钉是常用的长管骨骨折髓内固定材料。目前临床上梅花形髓内钉有代替“Ｖ”形髓内钉的趋势,本文从力学角度对其进行研究包括、．髓内钉及其髓内固定骨折模型弯曲试验显示,梅花形髓内钉抗弯强度和承受载荷系数均大于“Ｖ”形髓内钉;２．抗弯截面惯性矩研究显示,新型双冠形髓机钉优于梅花形髓内钉优于“Ｖ”形髓内钉;３．髓内钉设计成双冠形截面将大大改进其力学原理。     

新型非骨水泥柄设计特征及临床应用效果

目的:探讨一种新型的适合于儿童的非骨水泥固定型股骨柄设计特征,并通过随访获得其临床效果。方法:选取2010年9月~2013年4月在我科植入新型非骨水泥股骨柄的6名儿童患者,其中男1例,女5例;年龄8.5±3.2岁(5~11岁)。病理诊断结果骨肉瘤患者5例,恶性神经鞘瘤患者1例;右股骨下端患者5例,左股骨下端患者1例;其中一例患者术前有病理骨折。6例患者在我科行双动半膝关节置换术,其中股骨下端均采用了新型非骨水泥假体柄。采用Enneking骨肌肉肿瘤置换后下肢功能评定标准对患肢行功能评价,影像学重点评估股骨柄在髓腔放置位置是否得当、股骨柄假体有无松动、有无应力遮挡、骨溶解等现象,并测量术后患者患肢短缩畸形数据。结果:6例患者随访时间32个月(14~54个月),除1例5岁女童术前肢体条件较差在术后14个月行膝关节融合手术,其余无翻修病例,置换关节均无感染、折断等现象。MSTS评分21.33分;射线片示所有患者股骨髓腔内假体柄放置位置满意,股骨侧及胫腓骨侧假体周围未见骨溶解。结论:新型非骨水泥固定型股骨柄设计合理,早期稳定性可,后期可取得满意的生物固定效果。     

微创经皮钢板接骨术治疗高能量胫骨干骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创经皮钢板接骨术(Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis,MIPPO)技术治疗高能量胫骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年7月-2015年7月在我院接受手术治疗的高能量胫骨干骨折患者57例作为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将其分为MIPPO组(34例)和对照组(23例)。MIPPO组患者应用微创经皮钢板接骨术治疗,对照组患者采用传统内固定术治疗。观察并比较两组患者的手术效果及并发症的发生情况。结果:MIPPO组患者手术优良率为85.29%(29/34),对照组患者手术优良率为69.57%(16/23);MIPPO组手术效果明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,MIPPO组患者的手术时间短、术中出血量少、骨折愈合时间早,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均发生内固定松动、切口感染、骨恢复畸形等并发症,其中MIPPO组并发症的发生率为5.88%(2/34),对照组并发症的发生率为8.71%(4/23),MIPPO组并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MIPPO技术治疗高能量胫骨干骨折具有明显的临床效果,且并发症的发生率较低,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

骨折磁疗愈合仪治疗骨折延迟愈合

骨折延迟愈合是指骨折在正常愈合所需的时间内,仍未能达到骨折完全愈合的标准。临床症状与体征：４个月的异常活动;骨端在移位或试做负重时,产生疼痛;畸形与肌萎缩;负重功能丧失;骨传导音降低。我科应用骨折磁疗愈合仪治疗骨折延迟愈合３０例收到了满意效果。３０例患者中应用骨折磁疗愈合仪４０天骨痂形成的２０例,５０天骨痂形成的１０例。治疗方法１将患肢固定在不负重石膏管形内,安置线圈时须用Ｘ线准确定位,使两线圈中心与骨延迟愈合部位对准,并彼此相对平行。２两线圈固定后,将线圈插入仪器前面板输出插座中,开启电源开关…     

外固定架在创伤骨科中的应用和疗效观察

目的:探讨外固定架在创伤骨科中的应用疗效。方法:选取68例四肢长骨骨折患者为研究对象,随机分成观察组和对照组两组,每组各34例,对照组实行内固定治疗,观察组实行外固定架治疗,对比两组疗效。结果:观察组手术时间、骨约合时间等均短于对照组(P0.05),出血量低于对照组(P0.05),治疗优良率高于对照组(P0.05),术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:外固定支架术治疗普通创伤骨折的疗效值得肯定,效果优于常规内固定治疗术,术后并发症发生率低,可行推广应用。     

8. Self-compressing implants in the management of fractures.

Internal fixation of fractures has become increasingly important since the introduction of self-compressing implants. Rigidity of fixation thus ensured permits primary bone healing. Two types of self-compressing implants are available--screws and plates. The former produces compression between fracture fragments, the latter, along the long axis of the bone. Two common types of plates are the dynamic compression plate and the Osteo self-compressing plate. Use of self-compressing implants requires familiarity with the technique, a definite plan of operation, and strict asepsis and lack of infection in the patient. Indications for the technique include failure or unsuitability of closed reduction of fractures, care of associated serious soft-tissue injuries, and displaced intra-articular fractures. Use of self-compressing plates hastens rehabilitation, lessens joint stiffness and reduces the duration of hospitalization. The incidence of nonunion with self-compression techniques is lower than with traditional methods of fracture management.     

Treatment of mandible fractures using bioabsorbable plates

This study evaluated the short-term outcome of treating fractures of the mandible with bioabsorbable plates. Sixty-nine fractures of the mandible in 49 patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using bioabsorbable plates and 2.4-mm, 2.0-mm, and 1.5-mm pretapped screws. The duration of intermaxillary fixation ranged from 0 to 23 days, with a mean of 4.6 days. Patients were evaluated for complications during the follow-up period, which ranged from 1 to 18 months. Six patients (12.2 percent) experienced complications. These included infection (four patients), premature occlusal contact (one patient), and temporomandibular disorder (one patient). Except for one case, all complications were minor and adequately managed with incision and drainage, elastic traction, physical therapy, and medication. Delayed infection (osteomyelitis) developed in a symphysis fracture and was treated by saucerization and antibiotics. The fracture line subsequently showed complete consolidation. Bioabsorbable plates can be selectively used for internal fixation in mandibular fractures, with the advantage that they do not need to be removed.     

弹性髓内钉与接骨板内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折的临床疗效对比研究

摘要 目的：对比弹性髓内钉与接骨板内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取我院于2018年3月~2019年8月期间收治的儿童股骨干骨折患者98例,根据固定方式的不同将患儿分为A组（n=50,接骨板内固定治疗）和B组（n=48,弹性髓内钉治疗）,观察两组优良率、术前/术后相关指标及并发症发生情况。结果：B组的优良率高于A组（P<0.05）。B组手术时间、切口长度短于A组,术中出血量少于A组（P<0.05）。B组骨折愈合时间、住院时间、手术至内固定拆除时间、取出内固定手术时间短于A组（P<0.05）。两组患儿并发症发生率对比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：相对于接骨板内固定治疗,弹性髓内钉治疗儿童股骨干骨折,疗效更好,可有效改善术中、术后指标,且不增加并发症的发生率。     

微创经皮钢板联合锁定加压钢板固定术治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创经皮钢板固定技术(MIPPO)与锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年6月-2015年6月在我院接受手术治疗的胫骨干骺端骨折患者103例作为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将所选患者分为三组。其中,联合手术组(35例)患者采用MIPPO联合LCP内固定术治疗,外固定组(33例)患者采用超关节外固定支架术治疗,内固定术组(35例)患者采用切开复位钢板内固定术治疗。观察并比较三种手术方法的临床效果及对患者骨关节功能的影响。结果:与外固定术组及内固定术组比较,联合手术组患者的手术时间短,术中出血量少,骨折愈合时间早,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者的手术优良率高于外固定组和内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);内固定组手术优良率高于外固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);联合手术组患者术后并发症的发生率低于外固定组及内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);外固定组与内固定组术后并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MIPPO联合LCP内固定治疗胫骨干骺端骨折具有手术切口小、术中出血量少、术后并发症发生率低、骨折愈合快、关节功能恢复较好等优点,是治疗胫骨干骺端骨折的理想方法,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的比较研究

摘要 目的：对比经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法：选取本院2018年3月至2021年10月收治的Tile B、C型骨盆骨折患者共68例进行前瞻性研究。将纳入患者按随机数字表法分为经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定治疗（观察组）与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗（对照组），每组各34例。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后早期疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、住院时间及术后早期并发症发生率；此外随访6个月，观察患者术后Matta影像学评分标准优良率（Matta优良率）、Majeed骨盆骨折功能评分（Majeed评分）和术后骨折愈合时间，另记录术后6个月时两组术后并发症发生情况。结果：两组手术时间、术后3天VAS评分、术后7天VAS评分、住院时间及术后骨折愈合时间比较均未见明显差异（P>0.05）；观察组术中出血量明显少于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后3个月时Matta优良率和Majeed评分均优于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），但两组术后6个月比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；观察组的术后早期并发症发生率低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后6个月时两组并发症情况无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：两种方法治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折均可取得良好疗效，但切开复位重建钢板内固定方法仍保功能恢复良好的优点，而经皮骶髂关节空心螺钉内固定联合支架外固定具有低并发症发生率，更利于提升术后早期恢复效果。     

Risk factors contributing to symptomatic plate removal in maxillofacial trauma patients

This study analyzed the fate of plates used to correct maxillofacial injuries and defined risk factors that eventually resulted in plate removal. The outpatient clinic files of 108 patients treated with rigid internal fixation after maxillofacial trauma were reviewed. Study variables included age, sex, trauma circumstances, diagnosis, type of fracture, approach to the facial skeleton, presence of teeth in the line of fracture, plate material, site of plates, and reasons for plate removal. Of 204 plates used for fixation, 44 plates (22 percent) were removed. When all factors were considered together, only fracture diagnosis (mandibular body and angle) and plate location (mandibular body and angle) were statistically significant. Only when each factor was considered separately, the approach to the facial skeleton (intraoral) and the type of fracture (comminuted and compound fractures) were statistically associated with plate removal. Selection of favorable plate location, the extraoral approach, and vigilant infection control may reduce plate removal in patients with maxillofacial injuries. Special attention should be given to compound and comminuted fractures of the mandibular body and angle.     

Resorbable plate osteosynthesis of sagittal split osteotomies with major bone movement

This study evaluates resorbable miniplate osteosyntheses in sagittal split osteotomies with major bone repositioning. Two resorbable 2.0-mm miniplate systems, MacroSorb (Macropore, San Diego, Calif.) and PolyMax (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland), were compared consecutively. Amorphous 70:30 poly-L/DL-lactide copolymer plates sustain continuous hydrolysis through water penetration into the implant body during the first 6 months in situ. This breaks copolymer chains into smaller particles, which later become degraded through phagocytotic cells. Eighteen patients, 10 women and eight men, 16 to 57 years old (average, 27 years) were examined. They had severe dysgnathia caused by congenital craniofacial malformations, systemic disorders, trauma, amelogenesis imperfecta, oligodontia, and other conditions, and they needed five 8- to 10-mm and 13 major 10- to 12-mm repositions. Twelve sagittal split osteotomies were fixed with 12 MacroSorb plates in six patients, and 24 osteotomies were filled with 32 PolyMax plates in 12 patients. Ten mandibular plate, screw, hard-tissue, and soft-tissue specimens were taken at 3, 6, 9, or 12 months postoperatively in secondary operations (e.g., dental implant placement).Follow-up ranged from 4 to 19 months; all osteosyntheses reossified. Four patients showed proximal fragments rotated up to 5 mm sagittally anteriorly and nonaligned burr holes on the postoperative radiogram, suggesting plate fractures or screw pullout. When plate fracture was noted, guided occlusion was maintained 4 weeks after surgery. Occlusal, radiologic, and skeletal results remained stable. After starting fixation with two plates on each side, no more plate fractures were seen. In three other patients, minor skeletal relapses up to 3 mm horizontally resulted. Local histologic inspection of specimens showed thorough osseous union. Screw remnants embedded in bone made screw pullout unlikely; rather, screw-head or plate fractures were found as multiple degraded particles. Microscopy showed a chronic foreign body reaction. Two patients (11 percent) developed a sterile fistula 3 and 4 months after surgery, draining implant debris. Here, the biopsies showed a granulocytic infiltrate that subsided clinically after excisional biopsy. The assignment of MacroSorb plates followed by PolyMax plates was done in an otherwise unchanged treatment protocol. Comparison of the number of patients in each group with stable osteosyntheses and regular healing showed no significant differences by Fisher's exact test (p = 0.1516); therefore, the authors focused on the combined results for both treatments.The current osteosynthesis systems showed sufficient stability for mandibular fixation after sagittal split osteotomy and repositioning more than 10 mm distant when two plates were applied to each side; however, 27 percent of patients had complications, including relapses. Disadvantages were the cost, breakability, diameter, and need to place the screws vertically to the plate, necessitating a bent instrument or transbuccal incisions.     

Biomechanical comparison of conventional and anatomical calcaneal plates for the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures – a finite element study

Initial stability is essential for open reduction internal fixation of intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Geometrical feature of a calcaneal plate is influential to its endurance under physiological load. It is unclear if conventional and pre-contoured anatomical calcaneal plates may exhibit differently in biomechanical perspective. A Sanders’ Type II-B intraarticular calcaneal fracture model was reconstructed to evaluate the effectiveness of calcaneal plates using finite element methods. Incremental vertical joint loads up to 450 N were exerted on the subtalar joint to evaluate the stability and safety of the calcaneal plates and bony structure. Results revealed that the anatomical calcaneal plate model had greater average structural stiffness (585.7 N/mm) and lower von Mises stress on the plate (774.5 MPa) compared to those observed in the conventional calcaneal plate model (stiffness: 430.9 N/mm; stress on plate: 867.1 MPa). Although both maximal compressive and maximal tensile stress and strain were lower in the anatomical calcaneal plate group, greater loads on fixation screws were found (average 172.7 MPa compared to 82.18 MPa in the conventional calcaneal plate). It was noted that high magnitude stress concentrations would occur where the bone plate bridges the fracture line on the lateral side of the calcaneus bone. Sufficient fixation strength at the posterolateral calcaneus bone is important for maintaining subtalar joint load after reduction and fixation of a Sanders’ Type II-B calcaneal fracture. In addition, geometrical design of a calcaneal plate should worth considering for the mechanical safety in practical usage.     

锁定加压钢板行微创技术治疗老年性股骨远端骨折临床疗效分析

目的:评价用锁定加压钢板行微创技术治疗老年性股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2012年1月到2015年6月间,我院用锁定加压钢板行微创技术治疗27例60岁以上老年性股骨远端骨折患者(其中1例为双侧),通过观察患者伤口愈合情况、骨折愈合情况及相关并发症,并采用Kolmert评分标准评价其临床效果。结果:本组27例患者均获得随访,其中1例患者(单侧)在术后25 d死亡,其余病例随访6-30月,平均14.7月,术后切口有1例延迟愈合,余均一期愈合,骨折在末次随访均骨性愈合,未见骨折移位、内固定物失效、骨折畸形愈合、骨折不愈合等不良并发症,根据Kolmert评分标准,优10例,良13例,可3例,差1例,优良率为85%。结论:锁定加压钢板行微创技术治疗老年性股骨远端骨折可达到固定牢固、能早期功能练习、术后并发症少、术后效果满意的疗效。