口服型HCV融合抗原DNA疫苗在小鼠诱导免疫应答

将编码一个外源信号肽、一个通用型辅助性T淋巴细胞抗原表位和HCV核心 包膜蛋白E2融合抗原基因的真核表达质粒pST CE2t(DNA疫苗 )转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门菌SL72 0 7.将该重组菌口服接种BALB c小鼠 3次 .小鼠的抗HCV核心和E2抗体阳转率分别达 6 0 %和 70 % .体外以重组HCV核心或E2抗原刺激小鼠脾细胞 ,均使之发生明显的增殖反应 ,且小鼠脾细胞能有效杀伤表达HCV核心抗原的同系骨髓瘤细胞SP2 0 .这为研制高效免疫、成本低廉、接种方便的HCV疫苗提供了一个新的可行途径     

重组狂犬病病毒糖蛋白活酵母疫苗经小鼠口服给药后的免疫效果

目的:研究以活酵母为输送载体的狂犬病疫苗对小鼠的免疫保护能力和免疫疗程。方法:小鼠首先灌食高浓度空白活酵母INVSI,并于灌胃后8h和12h分别采集小鼠空肠和回肠组织并提取小肠浸出液培养,计算活酵母经肠胃环境后的存活率;分别取狂犬病糖蛋白(glycoprotein,G)分泌型表达菌株pYes-InG和胞内表达型菌株pYes-G灌胃小鼠,灌胃结束后12h采集小鼠血清和小肠组织,采用免疫组织化学方法检测抗原物质G在小肠上皮细胞的分布,采用ELISA检测小鼠血清中和性抗体的滴度。结果:活酵母经灌食消化8h后在小肠中的存活率最高达36.11%,12h后降至0.59%;口服分泌型pYes-InG重组酵母的小鼠小肠组织和血清中能检测到抗原物质G和低量的中和性抗体,ELISA分析显示,小鼠经过3~4次免疫接种,免疫效果基本恒定,而口服胞内表达型pYes-G重组酵母的小鼠小肠组织和血清中均未检测到目标物。结论:分泌型重组酵母pYes-InG经多次口服可对狂犬病起到一定的预防作用,但它诱导产生的中和性抗体浓度低,免疫应答慢,虽不适合用于控制突发性狂犬病的传染以及治疗狂犬病患者,但从免疫机制、免疫方式、安全性以及生产成本等因素考虑,仍具有良好的研究价值。     

Cell-mediated Immunity in Patients Positive for Hepatitis-associated Antigen

Cell-mediated immunity to antigens prepared from both serum and liver of patients positive for hepatitis-associated antigen (H.A.A.) was measured by using the leucocyte migration test. Altogether, 43 patients with H.A.A.-positive acute and chronic liver disease, eight with serum antibody to H.A.A., and 13 controls were studied. The cell-mediated immunity detected was specific for H.A.A. or other antigenic determinants of the associated infective agent and could be found only in patients with evidence of previous contact with H.A.A.Cell-mediated immunity to the H.A.A.-positive test antigens was found in all but one of the patients with acute hepatitis, in about half of the patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis or cirrhosis, rarely in those with chronic persistent hepatitis, and in none of the apparently healthy carriers.Our results support the hypothesis that the cellular immune response plays an important part in the clearance of the infective agent from H.A.A.-positive patients and in the pathogenesis of the associated liver cell injury.     

A Natural Peptide Antigen within the Plasmodium Ribosomal Protein RPL6 Confers Liver TRM Cell-Mediated Immunity against Malaria in Mice

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Dynamics in Development of Experimental Streptococcal Immunity in Mice

The interrelation between the humoral and cellular factors in the development of immunity to experimental streptococcal infection was investigated. Early resistance to infection was caused by stimulating the phagocytic cells to function efficiently in the absence of opsonins. Subsequently, the appearance of cytophilic antibodies provided further means for elimination of streptococci. Thus, in the early stages of specific antistreptococcal immunity, resistance was observed in the absence of circulating anti-M antibodies. The type-specific antibodies that appeared in the later stage did not seem to improve clearance of streptococci in the splanchnic tissues. After an intravenous lethal challenge of mice with virulent streptococci, these antibodies did not provide increased protection. The circulating anti-M antibodies were shown to play a beneficial, indeed, a crucial, role when the infection occurred in a region in which the phagocytic cells were present in a rather limited number.     

Stable Mycoplasma Antigen Preparations for Indirect Hemagglutination Tests

In immunological studies of mycoplasmas, the use of glutaraldehyde for the fixative makes it possible to use erythrocytes from commercially available defibrinated sheep blood. It eliminates the necessity of having to screen blood from individual sheep to obtain a suitable source of erythrocytes, as when employing tannic acid for fixation and sensitization. The chemical bonding of soluble mycoplasma proteins to glutaraladehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes by bis-diazotized 3,3'dimethoxy derivative, benzidine, yields preparations that are satisfactory antigens for performing the indirect hemagglutination test by the microtiter technique. The antigenic preparations are satisfactory for use after storage at 4 or -10 C for many months. Incorporation of 5% glycerine in the final suspending milieu makes it possible to obtain uniform suspensions of the fixed and sensitized sheep erythrocytes after freezing and after repeated freezing and thawing. Proteins from Mycoplasma arthritidis and M. hominis have been coupled to glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes by diazotization. The last mentioned preparation detected the presence of antibodies in titers greater than 1:10 in 37% of 237 pregnant women whose ages ranged between 20 and 30 years. There was no correlation between the presence of specific antibodies in the blood and the isolation of M. hominis from the cervical canal.     

甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎病毒混合抗原的细胞免疫学研究

评价甲型肝炎病毒和乙型肝炎病毒混合抗原对细胞免疫反应的影响。采用小鼠迟发型超敏反应(DTH)、脾脏淋巴细胞增殖实验和淋巴细胞亚型分群实验 ,对甲肝抗原 (HAAg)、乙肝表面抗原 (HBsAg)和甲乙肝混合抗原 (HAAg +HBsAg)进行检测 ,并进行统计学分析。混合抗原没有降低相应单价抗原的各项细胞免疫反应强度 ,且较单一 ,HBsAg表现出了显著的抗原特异性T淋巴细胞和Th2细胞增殖作用 (P <0 .0 5 )。混合抗原表现出良好的细胞免疫反应原性 ,同时可能辅助B细胞 ,增强体液免疫应答能力。     

大豆低聚糖对小鼠体液免疫功能的影响试验研究

通过利用大豆低聚糖对小鼠灌服后溶血素生成量的测定,阐明大豆低聚糖对小鼠体液免疫功能的影响。     

Primary Hepatoma and Hepatitis-associated Antigen in a Young White Woman

A young woman whose serum was positive for hepatitis-associated antigen (H.A.A.) and alpha-fetoprotein developed a malignant hepatoma. Though the light-microscopical appearances of the surrounding liver tissue were normal, electronmicroscope examination of the tumour tissue disclosed both C-virus-like particles and H.A.A. particles. Possibly there was a causal connexion between one of these particles and the hepatoma.     

帕金森病小鼠模型行为学检测方法的比较研究

目的比较目前常用的5种帕金森病(PD)小鼠模型行为学检测方法在PD研究中的作用。方法用MPTP建立C57BL小鼠PD模型,通过行为学检测(自主活动计数、滚轴实验、游泳实验、爬杆实验、悬挂实验)、免疫组织化学和荧光分光光度法,对比5种行为学检测方法的平均数与变异系数,观察MPTP对PD小鼠模型的行为学、黑质多巴胺(DA)神经元和纹状体酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应阳性(TH-ir)神经纤维以及纹状体DA水平的影响。结果给与MPTP后,小鼠行为学计数降低,爬杆实验未能得到检测结果,悬挂实验变异系数很高,结果有明显的偶然性,滚轴实验结果变异系数中等,平均数呈现一定的上升趋势,自主活动计数中移动与站立和游泳实验的平均数则呈现明显的下降趋势,变异系数很低,而黑质DA神经元数目减少约58%,纹状体TH-ir神经纤维密度减低,纹状体DA水平明显降低约88%,两组相比差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论MPTP所致的C57BL小鼠的神经病理、生化改变与PD患者近似,自主活动计数和游泳实验优于其他行为学检测方法。     

“深层海水”对小鼠免疫功能的影响

取健康昆明种小鼠72只,随机分为3组,即自来水(tap water,TW)对照组、45 ppm(mg/L)深层海水(deep sea water,DSW)组、90 ppm深层海水组,每组24只,均为雄性,自由喂养8周,观察深层海水对小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数,脾淋巴细胞增殖,巨噬细胞吞噬功能,外周血CD4+、CD8+T细胞百分含量及CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值,血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM、IgA)的影响。结果表明,深层海水可显著提高小鼠胸腺、脾指数,增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能,促进脾淋巴细胞增殖,提高外周血CD4+细胞百分含量及CD4+/CD8+细胞比例,增加血清IgA、IgM含量。因而,深层海水可增强小鼠机体的免疫功能。     

Oral Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Tolerance Tests in Parkinsonian Patients

Reduction of dopamine concentrations in the brains of patients with Parkinsonism, together with reported clinical improvement after the administration of dihydroxyphenylalanine, has led to the hypothesis that impaired hydroxylation of tyrosine may be associated with the disease. To test this hypothesis oral loading tests with L-phenylalanine and tyrosine were carried out in patients and controls. After phenylalanine lower blood levels of this were found in Parkinsonian patients than in controls, but tyrosine levels were the same. After tyrosine lower levels of this were also found in patients compared with controls. It is suggested that these findings indicate a decreased rate of tyrosine utilization in Parkinson''s disease together with intestinal malabsorption; the latter is supported by the finding of abnormal D-xylose tolerance in these patients.     

Cellular Immunity of Mice Infected with Listeria monocytogenes in Diffusion Chambers

The importance of bringing live bacteria into intimate contact with macrophages as a prerequisite for establishing cellular immunity was investigated. The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes was shown to replicate and survive in diffusion chambers implanted in the peritoneal cavities of mice. Humoral substances accruing from host responses to diffusing soluble antigens of the microorganism were unable to inactivate the bacteria. The resistance of mice immunized by subcutaneous inoculation of the live organism always exceeded the resistance of mice with Listeria diffusion chamber implants. Animals with sham diffusion chambers were more resistant to a challenge by L. monocytogenes than were normal mice. Host resistance was not significantly different between Listeria diffusion chamber implant groups and sham diffusion chamber implant groups. The results suggested that direct involvement of macrophages with the parasite is necessary to achieve cellular immunity.     

Antigen Binding Lymphocytes in Congenitally Athymic (Nude) Mice

THE autoradiographic detection of the binding of various radiolabelled antigens to a proportion of lymphocytes from animals not exposed to those antigens (“nonprimed” lymphocytes) is well documented^1–4. Such lymphocytes are thought to have patches of surface immunoglobulin, primarily IgM, which act as specific receptors for antigen^5,6. A proportion at least of these unprimed lymphocytes are immunologically competent as shown in vivo^7,8 and hence are true antigen reactive cells. Most assays have used peripheral lymphocyte suspensions from tissues of man, mouse, rat and chicken, not enriched or fractionated in any way for the two distinct lines of lymphocytes, thymic derived (T) and non-thymic derived (B)⁹. It is not clear whether antigen-binding cells (ABC), detected in routine assays where autoradiographs are exposed for 1–2 weeks, are of both T and B cell type or are predominantly of only one type. Experiments using unlabelled and radiolabelled immunoglobulin antisera with isolated T and B cells have inferred specific antigen binding on both populations although T cells seem to have far fewer antigen binding receptors than B cells¹⁰.     

The Intracellular Antigen Transport Machinery TAP in Adaptive Immunity and Virus Escape Mechanisms

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a crucial element of the adaptive immune system, which translocates proteasomal degradation products into the endoplasmic reticulum, for transfer of these peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I molecules within a macromolecular peptide-loading complex. After loading and intracellular transport to the cell surface, these peptide/MHC complexes are monitored by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. This review summarizes the structural organization and function of the ABC transporter TAP. Furthermore, we discuss human diseases and viral evasion strategies associated with TAP function.