管花肉苁蓉与柽柳试管苗离体接种的研究

用去果皮的种子对柽柳长根实生苗和试管苗进行接种, 建立管花肉苁蓉种子与柽柳的离体接种体系, 用体视显微镜观察接种情况并用整体透明方法观察侵染情况。结果表明, 寄主柽柳的试管苗与管花肉苁蓉种子的共培养能够建立管花肉苁蓉-柽柳接种复合体, 这将为研究寄主-寄生物相互关系提供有效的实验体系。     

管花肉苁蓉与柽柳试管苗离体接种的研究

用去果皮的种子对柽柳长根实生苗和试管苗进行接种,建立管花肉苁蓉种子与柽柳的离体接种体系,用体视显微镜观察接种情况并用整体透明方法观察侵染情况.结果表明,寄主柽柳的试管苗与管花肉苁蓉种子的共培养能够建立管花肉苁蓉-柽柳接种复合体,这将为研究寄主-寄生物相互关系提供有效的实验体系.     

柽柳根对管花肉苁蓉寄生的反应

采用石蜡切片技术以及酶联免疫法对管花肉苁蓉的寄主柽柳根进行研究,结果表明：接种有管花肉苁蓉的柽柳根随着管花肉苁蓉的生长而增粗,其初生导管有黄色粘性物质阻塞,这些阻塞物中含有糖类和脂类物质,随着管花肉苁蓉的生长而消失。这可能与柽柳根内源激素脱落酸（ABA）和茉莉酸（JA）的调控有关。     

乙酰胆碱对管花肉苁蓉种子萌发及其内源IAA和ABA含量的影响

检测不同浓度乙酰胆碱对管花肉苁蓉种子发芽率和内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量影响的结果表明:适宜浓度(1.0~3.0mmol·L~(-1))的乙酰胆碱可促进肉苁蓉种子萌发,并改变内源IAA和ABA含量。1.0mmol·L~(-1)乙酰胆碱是促进肉苁蓉种子萌发的临界点。     

云南野生贸易真菌资源调查及研究

野生贸易真菌即市场上出售的野生真菌,云南的野生贸易真菌资源十分丰富且长期以来受到关注。但以往对于这一资源的全面调查和研究较为缺乏。本项目通过市场调查、标本采集和鉴定,自1997－2001年连续4年对云南野生贸易真菌从种类、地理分布、季节变化、基于贸易量的优势度评价和经济价值5方面进行研究。云南野生贸易真菌已知共64属207种（含变种、变型）,以担子菌中的牛肝菌属（Boletus)、口蘑属（Tricholoma)、鸡Chong菌属（Termitomyces)、革菌属（Thelephora)、红菇属（Russula)、乳菇属（Lactarius)、丛枝瑚属（Ramaria)为主,表现出较高的多样性和较强的地区特有性。尽管具有人为选择的因素,但云南野生贸易真菌仍表现出较强的地理分布特异性：滇南地区包含较多的热带种类,具有较强的热带性质,而滇西北则具有较强的温带高山、亚高山性质,滇中、滇西南等地表现出亚热带和温带的过渡特征。以上各地区既有各自的代表种类,又通过某些过渡类群存在一定的联系。根据各个种贸易量的相对大小即优势度将贸易真菌分为4个等级,其中的优势Ⅰ级和优势Ⅱ级为主导种类。云南贸易真菌中约近90％的种类为食用菌,5％为药用菌,另有约7%为有毒种类。对每一种贸易真菌的经济价值给予了评价。     

寄生药用植物管花肉苁蓉种子的离体萌发与吸器形成的形态学研究

研究了管花肉苁蓉(Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight)种子脱离寄主条件下的离体萌发和吸器形成的形态学,为其高产栽培提供参考。将经过层积处理的种子浸泡于赤霉素(1 000 mg.L-1)36小时,然后培养于1/2 MS(加500 mg.L-1酵母提取物、250 mg.L-1氯化钠和100 mg.L-1甘露醇,pH5.83)培养基上。培养两周后种子开始萌动,首先胚根从软化的内种皮的种孔端伸出,接着形成芽管状物,之后芽管状物逐渐伸长;17天后初生吸器开始发育,厚的带状表皮分化出若干吸根毛;在初生吸器顶端带状表皮围成窝状,表皮上的褶皱和窝内分布有乳头状突起。芽管状物延伸至4 mm就停止发育。吸根毛和乳突是黏着寄主根、刺穿寄主皮层发育为内生吸器最终建立寄生关系的基础。     

寄生药用植物管花肉苁蓉种子的离体萌发与吸器形成的形态学研究

研究了管花肉苁蓉(Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)R.Wight)种子脱离寄主条件下的离体萌发和吸器形成的形态学,为其高产栽培提供参考.将经过层积处理的种子浸泡于赤霉素(1000 mg·L-1)36小时,然后培养于1/2 MS(加500mg·L-1酵母提取物、250 mg·L-1氯化钠和100mg·L-1甘露醇,pH5.83)培养基上.培养两周后种子开始萌动,首先胚根从软化的内种皮的种孔端伸出,接着形成芽管状物,之后芽管状物逐渐伸长;17天后初生吸器开始发育,厚的带状表皮分化出若干吸根毛;在初生吸器顶端带状表皮围成窝状,表皮上的褶皱和窝内分布有乳头状突起.芽管状物延伸至4mm就停止发育.吸根毛和乳突是黏着寄主根、刺穿寄主皮层发育为内生吸器最终建立寄生关系的基础.     

黑龙江省友谊县野生药用植物资源调查与分析

目的：摸清友谊县野生药用植物资源种类及分布状况。方法：依据第四次全国中药资源普查技术规范,通过野外调查与内业整理等方法对友谊县野生药用植物资源的科属构成、生活型、区系分布、入药部位及药用功效等信息进行统计分析。结果：友谊县共有野生药用植物347种,隶属于77科226属,含重点药用植物56种;主要生活型为多年生草本;属的地理成分以温带分布类型及其变型为主,并有热带成分渗透;入药部位以全草类占比最高,药效以清热药为主。样方内重点调查野生药用植物总蕴藏量为122 851.67 kg。结论：友谊县野生药用植物资源丰富,但各重点调查品种蕴藏量差异较大,应注意科学开发与保护利用。     

胶东半岛野生豆科植物资源调查与分析

目的：调查胶东半岛野生豆科植物资源现状,分析植物功能,为当地合理利用野生豆科植物资源提供科学依据。方法：通过实地调查、标本采集、文献分析等方法,鉴定胶东半岛野生豆科植物种类,统计分析植物生境分布、功能、区系等。结果：胶东半岛共有野生豆科植物31属78种,主要为草本植物,以野豌豆属和胡枝子属种数最多。植物功能多样,有饲用植物73种、药用植物66种、可食用植物45种、观赏植物20种、油脂植物19种、蜜源植物13种。属的地理成分以温带区系占优势,但有明显的热带亲缘。结论：胶东半岛野生豆科植物资源丰富,用途多样,但利用程度不高,建议结合当地生态和经济社会发展需求,加以合理利用。     

张家界大鲵人工放流效果及其影响因素分析

大鲵(Andrias davidianus)是我国特有的两栖动物, 由于栖息地破坏和人类过度捕杀等, 种群数量急剧下降, 被列为我国II类保护野生动物。为探索大鲵人工放流的有效方法, 实现野生大鲵资源增殖, 作者对2002–2008年间在湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区内进行的大鲵人工放流活动与放流效果进行了评估, 并通过对放流点的隐蔽物、水质及饵料生物等生境特点的分析, 探讨影响放流成败的因素。该保护区内共在9处大鲵原栖息地进行了11次人工放流活动, 共放流各种规格大鲵995尾, 其中4次成功。成功放流的大鲵为1–4.5 kg的性成熟个体, 雌雄比在1:1和1:1.5之间, 成功放流点均有良好的后期管理措施, 如建立保护站, 补充饵料等。虽然所选择的多数放流点生境基本能满足大鲵生长和繁殖的要求, 但由于受水质、饵料或安全某一因素的制约, 野生大鲵资源增殖效果不明显, 导致放流失败。因此我们认为依据野生大鲵繁殖的生境特征标准, 科学选择放流地点, 选择性成熟的大鲵在春季放流, 并进行完善的后期跟踪保护, 可能是大鲵人工放流成功和实现资源增殖的有效途径。     

Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of Laminaria japonica fucoidan and Cistanche tubulosa extract

The anti-inflammatory effects of fuciodan and Cistanche tubulosa (CT) extract were investigated in vitro macrophage culture system and in vivo carrageenan-induced air pouch inflammation model. CT extract inhibited nitric oxide production from activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, while fucoidan was inactive. In vivo air pouch inflammation model, carrageenan-induced vascular exudation and increased nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) concentrations in the exudates were synergistically suppressed by co-administration of fucoidan or CT extract. Moreover, tissue inflammation was substantially attenuated by the combinational therapy. However, there was no synergistic effect against the inflammatory cell infiltration, although fucoidan and CT extract each markedly reduced the cell numbers. Therefore, it is suggested that fucoidan blocks infiltration of inflammatory cells, while CT extract inhibits activation of the cells, and that their combinational treatment could be a promising candidate for the relief of various types of inflammation.     

管花肉苁蓉(Cistanche tubulosa)在内蒙古栽培成功

肉苁蓉为历代补肾壮阳处方中使用频度最高的中药材,也是著名的补益药物之一,有"沙漠人参"之称,亦称大芸,已成为我国西部地区著名的中药材.国产肉苁蓉药材为肉苁蓉属中肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)、管花肉苁蓉(Cistanche tubulosa)和盐生肉苁蓉(Cistanche salsa)的原植物.目前我国肉苁蓉产品的年销售额已突破亿元(包括外销于日本、东南亚等国),肉苁蓉产业已形成一定规模,必将在我国西部大开发中起着重要作用.     

Phenylethanoid oligoglycosides and acylated oligosugars with vasorelaxant activity from Cistanche tubulosa

The methanolic extract from the dried stems of Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight was found to show an inhibitory effect on contractions induced by noradrenaline in isolated rat aortic strips. From the extract, new phenylethanoid oligoglycoside constituents, kankanosides F and G, and an acylated oligosugar, kankanose, were isolated together with 14 known compounds. The structures of these new compounds were determined on the basis of their chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, principal constituents, kankanoside F, kankanose, echinacoside, acteoside, and cistanoside F, showed vasorelaxant activity, and several structural requirements for the activity were clarified.     

肉苁蓉的栽培与采收

本文阐述了肉苁蓉的药用价值 ,寄主梭梭及肉苁蓉的栽培技术     

Total glycosides from stems of Cistanche tubulosa alleviate depression-like behaviors: bidirectional interaction of the phytochemicals and gut microbiota

BackgroundAs the most frequently used kidney-yang tonifying herb in traditional Chinese medicine, dried succulent stems of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight (CT) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression. However, the antidepressant components and their underlying mechanism remain unclear.PurposeTo explore the active components of CT against depression, as well as the potential mechanisms.Study design and methodsBehavioral despair tests were used to assess the antidepressant activities of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and different glycoside-enriched fractions separated from CT, as well as the typical gut microbiota metabolites including 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) and hydroxytyrosol (HT). Furthermore, the effects of bioactive fractions and metabolites on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model were explored with multiple pharmacodynamics and biochemical analyses. Changes in colonic histology and the intestinal barrier were observed by staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Gut microbial features and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism were explored using 16S rRNA sequencing and western-blotting, respectively.ResultsTotal glycosides (TG) dramatically alleviated depression-like behaviors compared to different separated fractions, reflecting in the synergistic effects of phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides on the hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, severe neuro- and peripheral inflammation, and deficiencies in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. Moreover, TG mitigated low-grade inflammation in the colon and intestinal barrier disruption, and the abundances of several bacterial genera highly correlated with the HPA axis and inflammation in CUMS rats. Consistently, the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in the colon was significantly reduced after TG administration, accompanied by the suppression of tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism. On the other hand, HT also exerted a marked antidepressant effect by ameliorating HPA axis function, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism, while it was unable to largely adjust the disordered gut microbiota in the same manner as TG. Surprisingly, superior to fluoxetine, TG and HT could further improve dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and abnormal cyclic nucleotide metabolism.ConclusionTG are primarily responsible for the antidepressant activity of CT; its effect might be achieved through the bidirectional interaction of the phytochemicals and gut microbiota, and reflect the advantage of CT in the treatment of depression.