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1.
探讨转化生长因子-β超家族肽类的细胞内信号转导分子Smad4蛋白在发育不同阶段大鼠睾丸的表达与分布。分别选用出生后3、7、14、28天以及成年大鼠,应用免疫组织化学ABC法结合葡萄糖氧化酶-DAB-硫酸镍铵增强技术及蛋白质免疫印迹技术,检测Smad4蛋白在大鼠睾丸的表达、定位和发育变化,并通过图像分析技术对免疫组织化学结果进行统计学分析。结果显示,发育各个阶段的间质细胞中都有较强的表达,免疫阳性产物位于细胞质内,而各级生精细胞则无阳性反应,且随着大鼠睾丸发育阶段的变化而蛋白表达量逐渐增多,为TGF-β超家族成员在精子发生和发育过程中的分子机理提供了直接证据。 相似文献
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血管内皮生长因子蛋白在大鼠睾丸和附睾的表达和定位研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在雄性生殖系精子发生发育和成熟过程中的调控作用,应用免疫组化、Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)染色及蛋白质免疫印迹技术,检测VEGF蛋白在成年大鼠睾丸和附睾的表达和定位情况。Western-blots显示,在大鼠睾丸和附睾内均有VEGF蛋白(约45kD)的表达;免疫组化显示,睾丸内VEGF见于圆形和长形精子细胞、Sertoli细胞和Leydig细胞,免疫阳性产物位于细胞质内。精子细胞的VEGF表达伴随精子细胞项体发育的全过程,精子残余体呈强阳性。附睾内VEGF表达于附睾管上皮,且有区域和细胞特异性。附睾起始段的所有上皮主细胞内都有VEGF阳性颗粒;头、体、尾各段的VEGF阳性细胞多数与含PAS阳性颗粒的细胞重合,证明为亮细胞;近端附睾的管腔内可见精子头部呈VEGF阳性染色。睾丸、附睾间质血管内皮为VEGF阴性。上述结果表明,VEGF蛋白可由生殖细胞和附睾管上皮细胞直接产生,它可能以自分泌和/或旁分泌的形式共同作用于睾丸和附睾的生殖细胞和血管内皮,直接或间接影响精子的发生、发育和成熟过程,特别是精子顶体的形成过程,并可能与精子在附睾内的成熟有关。 相似文献
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p38 MAPK在小鼠睾丸不同发育阶段的表达和定位 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38 MAPK在小鼠睾丸不同发育阶段的表达,应用蛋白质免疫印迹杂交技术和免疫组织化学SABC法检测1至7周龄小鼠睾丸p38 MAPK的表达、定位及发育变化,并通过图像分析技术对免疫组织化学结果进行统计学分析。免疫印迹杂交发现,p38 MAPK在2~7周龄小鼠睾丸中均有表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,在2周龄小鼠睾丸曲细精管上皮中即可观察到p38 MAPK免疫阳性反应,免疫反应阳性细胞为精原细胞;3、4、5周龄小鼠睾丸仅有个别曲细精管上皮可见p38 MAPK免疫阳性反应;6、7周龄小鼠睾丸中p38 MAPK表达较丰富,免疫反应阳性细胞为精原细胞和初级精母细胞,免疫阳性反应物均主要位于细胞核内。在7周龄小鼠睾丸中还可见到部分间质细胞的细胞质亦呈p38 MAPK阳性。这些结果提示,p38 MAPK可能对生精细胞的增殖分化具有调控作用。 相似文献
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Smads蛋白家族参与TGF-β的细胞内信号转导,TGF-β通过与Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型受体结合,形成受体复合物,Ⅰ型受体磷酸化激活R-Smads,R-mads与Co-Smads结合成为转录复合物进入细胞核内,通过与DNA结合的直接方式或与DNA结合蛋白结合的间接方式,结合SBEs,最终导致PAI-1等目的基因的转录,在此过程中,某些促进因子和(或)抑制因子的协调作用使TGF-β的信号转导处于一种协调有序的状态中。 相似文献
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转化生长因子 β(TGF β)是一类多功能肽类生长因子 ,具有特异的受体及信号转导系统 ,在控制细胞生长、分化、凋亡等方面均起重要作用。已经发现TGF β通过细胞内信号转导分子Smads调控各种基因的表达 ,从而在控制细胞外基质蛋白及细胞表面整合蛋白的合成中起重要作用[1] 。整合蛋白是一类存在于细胞表面的跨膜粘附分子 ,主要介导细胞与细胞外基质 (ECM)及细胞与细胞之间的粘附作用。整合蛋白由α和 β两种亚基以异源二聚体的形式组成二十余种不同的受体 ,现已证实在伤口愈合、炎症反应、血栓形成、肿瘤发生以及迁移等许多过… 相似文献
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Smads蛋白及其介导的TGF-β胞内信号传导 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
转化生长因子 β (TGF β)具有广泛的生物学效应 ,其信号传导通路一直是研究热点 .最近发现 ,Smads蛋白是TGF β受体 (TβR)复合物的下游蛋白 ,可将信号从胞膜直接转至胞核 .Smads蛋白家族分为三类 :受体调节性Smads (thereceptor regulatedSmads ,R Smads) ,主要有Smad1、 2、 3、 5 ,有不同于其他二类Smads的特异性丝氨酸基序 ,可被活化的TβRⅠ识别 ,是TβR复合物的下游 ;公用Smads (thecommonSmads,Co Smads) ,目前在哺乳动物发现的有S… 相似文献
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大鼠和小鼠睾丸表皮生长因子表达的免疫组织化学定位观察 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
为了了解大鼠和小鼠睾丸是否产生EGF及其细胞定位,本实验用EGF单克隆抗体对大鼠和小鼠睾丸进行了免疫细胞化学定位研究,结果显示:(1)出生后,大鼠和小鼠睾丸即开始产生EGF,分泌活动主要位于睾丸间质细胞。(2)至性成熟期,少数精原细胞、精母细胞及个别圆形精子细胞和管周肌样细胞也产生EGF,使生精小管尤其是血睾屏障管腔小室侧的EGF分泌增加。(3)在本实验中,睾丸支持细胞未见明显EGF阳性染色。结果表明,大鼠和小鼠睾丸是可以产生EGF的,间质细胞是其主要的EGF分泌细胞。进入性成熟期后,少数精原细胞、精母细胞及个别圆形精子细胞和管周肌样细胞也产生EGF。大鼠和小鼠睾丸在发育过程中EGF分泌量呈上升趋势,至性成熟期达分泌高峰 相似文献
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大鼠肺纤维化血小板源性生长因子、血小板源性生长因子—受体、转化生长因子—β、转化生长因子—β受体的表达 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用免疫组织化学方法观察实验性大鼠肺纤维化肺组织内转化生长因子(TGF-β)及其受体(TGF-βR)和血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)及其受体(PDGF-R)表达的变化。发现:(1)实验早期(1-3天),TGF-β主要由单核巨噬细胞为主的炎症细胞所产生;7天以后直至实验结束(28天),TGF-β阳性细胞主要为增生的间质细胞,TGF-βR的变化与之同步。(2)实验1-7天,病灶内单核巨噬细胞细胞PDGF染色呈强阳性反应,少量间质细胞呈阳性反应;14天以后,病灶内PDGF阳性的单核巨噬细胞减少,阳性间质细胞亦减少。PDGF-R的变化与PDGF相似。结果提示PDGF的主要来源是巨噬细胞,在肺纤维化的早、中期发挥重要作用,而TGF-β主要由间质细胞自身产生,在肺纤维化的中、后期发挥重要作用,促细胞外基质合成,使肺纤维化进行性进展。 相似文献
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Abstract— (1) The encephalitogenic basic protein obtained from adult rat brain by treatment with 0·03 N-HCl was demonstrable in the brain on the 10th day after birth. It showed a marked increase in quantity during the phase of active myelination.
(2) The proteins extracted under similar conditions from 5-day old rat brain contained several highly basic proteins other than the encephalitogenic basic protein. These basic proteins, which were electrophoretically similar to highly basic proteins extracted similarly from adult rat liver, are histones.
(3) For metabolic studies the entire group of highly basic proteins in the acid extract was obtained after one-step adsorption of other proteins on DEAE-cellulose equilibrated at pH 9·8
(4) After injection of [14 C]lysine the fractions containing highly basic proteins, water soluble non-basic proteins and other tissue proteins of the brain showed higher relative specific radioactivities during the period 1–10 days after birth than during later stages of postnatal development. The fraction containing proteolipid protein, another myelin protein, showed a low relative specific radioactivity throughout the whole period of postnatal development. The relative specific radioactivity of proteolipid protein was somewhat higher in young than in adult rat brain. 相似文献
(2) The proteins extracted under similar conditions from 5-day old rat brain contained several highly basic proteins other than the encephalitogenic basic protein. These basic proteins, which were electrophoretically similar to highly basic proteins extracted similarly from adult rat liver, are histones.
(3) For metabolic studies the entire group of highly basic proteins in the acid extract was obtained after one-step adsorption of other proteins on DEAE-cellulose equilibrated at pH 9·8
(4) After injection of [
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Abstract— Membrane fractions from forebrain of rat were isolated at ages ranging from 5 to 93 days. Among these fractions were total membranes, three fractions isolated by density gradient centrifugation, and three subfractions which consisted of purified myelin and of two supernatant fractions. All membrane fractions showed an increase in protein content during the first postnatal month; however, only the myelin fraction and one of its supernatant fractions showed a prolonged accumulation. Myelin protein increased continually from 0.17 mg/g brain at 15 days to 8.3 mg/g brain at 93 days.
All fractions were analysed for protein composition by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Characteristic changes in protein composition were noted during postnatal development, most of which were pronounced up to the age of 20 days. Among others was a decrease in histones as compared to other proteins, with a concomitant shift in preponderance from the slow- to the fast-migrating histone band. In parallel, other proteins of high molecular weight became more prominent. No myelin could be isolated at 5 and 10 days. The deposition of myelin proteins was parallelled by the appearance of the Wolfgram protein which points to a close correlation of the Wolfgram protein to the process of myelination. 相似文献
All fractions were analysed for protein composition by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Characteristic changes in protein composition were noted during postnatal development, most of which were pronounced up to the age of 20 days. Among others was a decrease in histones as compared to other proteins, with a concomitant shift in preponderance from the slow- to the fast-migrating histone band. In parallel, other proteins of high molecular weight became more prominent. No myelin could be isolated at 5 and 10 days. The deposition of myelin proteins was parallelled by the appearance of the Wolfgram protein which points to a close correlation of the Wolfgram protein to the process of myelination. 相似文献
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目的研究促甲状腺激素释放激素受体-1(thyrotrophin-releasing hormone receptor type-1, TRH-R1)在大鼠睾丸出生后不同发育阶段的表达,探讨其在生殖发育调节中的作用.方法应用蛋白质免疫印迹杂交技术以及免疫组织化学ABC法检测TRH-R1在8d、15d、20d、35d、60d和90d大鼠睾丸中的表达和定位,并结合图像分析技术对免疫组化结果进行统计学分析观察其在发育过程中的变化.结果免疫印迹杂交发现TRH-R1蛋白表达于15d以后各阶段的大鼠睾丸;而运用免疫组化在第8d即检测到TRH-R1的表达,以后发育过程中的各个阶段均有阳性反应细胞, TRH-R1定位于大鼠睾丸的间质细胞;免疫反应阳性物均位于胞膜和胞质,胞核区为阴性;图像分析结果表明,随着大鼠睾丸的发育,TRH-R1表达量呈增多趋势,且具有统计学差异(P<0.01).结论本实验证明TRH-R1在出生后8d大鼠的睾丸内即有表达,并持续表达于其后各个发育阶段;TRH-R1定位于睾丸的间质细胞,其表达量随着增龄变化呈增多趋势,即同发育过程相关. 相似文献
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大鼠恒温能力和产热的胎后发育 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
本文通过胎后各龄大鼠急性暴露于不同试验温度时的体温动态变化,显示大鼠体温调节的胎后发育有阶段性。同时表明肝线粒体的呼吸速率、氧化磷酸化及呼吸控制率等功能在胎后也有个发育过程。肝线粒体发育成熟时期,正是机体恒温能力迅速发展的阶段。推测肝线粒体的成熟可能是体温调节发育的细胞机制之一。褐色脂肪细胞色素氧化酶和α-磷酸甘油氧化酶活力的变化,表明褐色脂肪在大鼠新生儿阶段的体温调节中具有重要作用。 相似文献
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Abstract— The postnatal development of three enzymes in the rat forebrain was studied. When expressed per tissue weight the catechol- O -methyl transferase (COMT) increased 2-fold from birth to adult age, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 4-fold and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) 12-fold. Expressed per mg protein the increase in the enzyme activities in the subcellular fractions which contained the main part of the different enzymes was still 2–4-fold for COMT and LDH while for MAO it was 4-fold.
There was a relative increase in the COMT activity in the P2 fraction (synaptosomes and mitochondria). This increase was identical with a corresponding increase in LDH activity and protein and was probably due to growth of nerve terminals. The COMT in the cytoplasm of the synaptosomes showed the same increase relative to the proteins as did the 'free' cytoplasmic enzyme.
The conclusion is drawn that the enzymes in the rat brain show a certain degree of development during brain growth. An additional increase of some enzymes is due to the development of specialized structures such as mitochondria and nerve terminals with synapses. COMT is not related to any such specialized structure. 相似文献
There was a relative increase in the COMT activity in the P
The conclusion is drawn that the enzymes in the rat brain show a certain degree of development during brain growth. An additional increase of some enzymes is due to the development of specialized structures such as mitochondria and nerve terminals with synapses. COMT is not related to any such specialized structure. 相似文献
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本实验采用地高辛精标记cRNA探针原位杂交技术和ABC免疫组织化学方法,研究了大鼠生后发育过程中胃肠胰组织生长抑素(SS)基因的表达。结果显示,大鼠生后发育过程中,胃腺SS杂交阳性细胞及SS-IR细胞的密度(细胞数/mm粘膜肌长)均随天龄增长而增大,至第15天前后达高峰,随后开始下降,至成年时,与出生时水平接近;十二指肠则在生后初期细胞密度较高,5天以后开始降低,第20天后降至成年水平。胰腺的SS杂交阳性细胞及SS-IR细胞密度(细胞数/mm2)变化规律与胃腺相似,随天龄增大,至第10天前后达高峰,第20天左右降至成年水平,与出生水平接近。研究结果表明,胃肠胰组织SS基因表达与胃肠胰的生长发育具有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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胚胎及生后不同发育时期大鼠睾丸生殖细胞的凋亡 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 探索雄性生殖细胞在发育过程中凋亡的特征和规律。方法 利用改进的石蜡切片原位末端标记法(TUNEL法)观察SD大鼠睾丸生殖细胞,对胚胎及生后不同阶段生殖细胞凋亡进行研究。结果 胚胎第13.5天原始生殖细胞即有较高的凋亡率,胚胎第19.5天到出生后第1天,未检测到凋亡生殖细胞,出生后第7天精原细胞分裂增生,伴有较高的凋亡率,与其他各年龄组有显著性差异。出生后第14天精母细胞凋亡率最高,与其他日龄组有显著性差异。结论 SD大鼠雄性生殖细胞发生,发育,成熟过程中都存在凋亡,主要发生在处于细胞增殖过程中的原始生殖细胞,精原细胞和初级精母细胞。 相似文献
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本文应用免疫细胞方法,研究大鼠生后4天、7天、14天、30天、2个月和3个月睾丸中S-100蛋白的分布和变化规律。结果表明:S-100蛋白染色反应位于睾丸间质细胞,直到生后30天才出现阳性细胞,数量少,着色浅,而2月龄和3月龄大鼠睾丸S-100蛋白阳性细胞数量多,着色深。提示S-100蛋白可能参与间质细胞的合成和分泌睾酮过程。 相似文献
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目的研究角蛋白15(K15)在大鼠皮肤发育中的表达状况,定位表皮干细胞.方法以不同年龄大鼠背部皮肤为标本,用组织学方法,观察出生后大鼠皮肤的形态发育变化;以K15单克隆抗体为一抗,进行免疫组织化学染色,观察K15在大鼠皮肤中的表达状况.结果(1)组织学方法显示,随着年龄的增长,大鼠背部表皮细胞层数逐渐变少;在毛囊的生长周期中,以隆突区为界,毛囊上段为恒定区,下段呈周期性变化(2)免疫组化染色显示,毛囊隆突区细胞胞浆表达K15,随年龄的增长,K15阳性细胞出现在毛母质细胞区、毛囊外根鞘和表皮基底层.结论表皮干细胞位于毛囊隆突区,与表皮的更新和毛囊的周期性变化有关. 相似文献
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Abstract— The activities of alkaline and acidic RNAses were determined in soluble and insoluble fractions from nuclei of brain hemispheres of rats, aged from 1 day to adult. The activities increased rapidly and reached a maximum, at 30 days, of about 10 times (alkaline RNAsel or 5 times (acidic RNAse) that seen at day 1. 相似文献