The First Record of Endasys liaoningensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Parasitizing on Pachynematus itoi (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Korea

An ichneumon species, Endasys liaoningensis Wang et al., is reported for the first time from Korea. Morphological characteristics of adults are redescribed with illustrations. In addition, the biological characteristics and their distributional ranges are discussed.     

四川九寨沟和甘南叶蜂二新种(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

记述四川九寨沟和甘肃南部山地分布的2个叶蜂新种：石氏钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya shii Wei，sp．nov．和黑刺齿唇叶蜂Rhogogaster nigrospina Wei，sp．nov．。模式标本保存于中南林学院昆虫标本室。     

Egg Deposition Behavior in the Haplodiploid Sawfly Athalia rosae ruficornis Jakovlev (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae)

The egg deposition behavior of the turnip sawfly, Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta), is described. Both unmated and mated females lay eggs individually inside of fresh young leaves of cruciferous plants. During an oviposition event, females exhibit a distinct pause in abdominal contractions just before the actual egg deposition act. Unmated females show a longer pause (11.31 s on average) than mated females (4.38 s on overall average). By employing an eye color mutation, the sex of the eggs laid by females was ascertained. Females mated once lay mostly fertilized (diploid female) eggs initially but begin to lay a considerable number of unfertilized (haploid male) eggs later in life. The laying of an unfertilized egg is associated with a longer pause (6.98 s on average) than the laying of a fertilized egg (3.76 s on average). These results are in contrast to previous reports on apocritan Hymenoptera, where the presence of a pause or a longer pause during oviposition was associated with the deposition of fertilized eggs rather than unfertilized eggs. The possibility that mated Athalia rosae females control fertilization and its implications for sex allocation strategies are discussed.     

中国钩瓣叶蜂属一新种及一新记录种(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

记述采自山东的中国钩瓣叶蜂属Macrophya Dahlbom 1新种：斑咐钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya maculotarsalina Wei et Liu.sp.nov.与Macrophya vacillans近似,但小盾片附片黑色,后足跗节大部白色,后足胫节具红斑,腹部第2背板两侧具侧白斑,第3、4背板无白斑,背地里单眼后区宽长比大于2,侧沟明显,锯腹片的锯刃强烈突出等,易与后者鉴别,斑股钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya femorata Marlatt,1898是中国新记录种,该种原记载分布于日本,新种的模式标本保存于中南林学院昆虫模式标本室。     

中国黑卵蜂属一新记录种——东方蝗卵蜂

记述黑卵蜂属Scelio中国1新记录种:东方蝗卵蜂Scelio orientalis Dodd,并报道该寄生蜂的新寄主:越北腹露蝗Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will.。     

Parasitism of the Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in Montana

The wheat stem sawfly,Cephus cinctusNorton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) was first found in wild grasses and soon became an economically important pest of wheat after cultivation began in the northern Great Plains. Of the species of parasitoids that attackC. cinctusin wild grasses, onlyBracon cephi(Gahan) andB. lissogasterMuesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have been found in wheat. Levels of parasitism vary between wheat-producing regions in Montana. Parasitism levels were increased by releasing individuals from a region with high levels of parasitism into a region where parasitism levels were low. This suggests that there has been unequal rates of parasitoid adaptation from wild grasses to wheat in different regions of Montana.     

Molecular phylogeny of the sawfly subfamily Nematinae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

Abstract.  Nematinae is one of the largest subfamilies in the sawfly family Tenthredinidae, but internal relationships are unknown in the absence of any formal phylogenetic analysis. To understand the internal phylogeny of Nematinae, we sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene and the nuclear elongation factor-1α gene from thirteen outgroup taxa and sixty-eight nematine species, the ingroup taxa of which represent all major genera and subgenera within the subfamily. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of the DNA sequence data show that: (1) Nematinae are monophyletic in a broad sense which includes Hoplocampa , Susana and the tribe Cladiini, which have been classified often into separate subfamilies; together with Craterocercus , these taxa form a paraphyletic basal grade with respect to the remaining Nematinae, but among-group relationships within the grade remain weakly resolved; (2) the remainder of the ingroup, Nematinae s. str, is monophyletic in all combined-data analyses; (3) within Nematinae s. str, the 'Higher' Nematinae is divided into three groups, Mesoneura and the large tribes Nematini and Pristiphorini; (4) although the traditional classifications at the tribal level are largely upheld, some of the largest tribes and genera are obviously para- or polyphyletic; (5) according to rate-smoothed phylogenies dated with two fossil calibration points, Nematinae originated 50–120 million years ago. In addition, the results from all Bayesian analyses provide strong and consistent support for the monophyly of Tenthredinidae, which has been difficult to demonstrate in previous parsimony analyses of morphological and molecular data.     

平背叶蜂族一新属新种暨分属检索表(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

记述广西壮族自治区十万大山地区平背叶蜂族1新属：蔡氏叶蜂属Caiina gen．nov．及1新种：短鞘蔡氏叶蜂Caiina brevitheca Wei sp．nov．，该属隶属于叶蜂科平背叶蜂亚科平背叶蜂族歧爪叶蜂亚族，与歧爪叶蜂属Nagamasaia Togashi最近似，但唇基端部亚截形，缺口很浅，爪内齿不显著长于外齿，前翅2Rs室显著短于1R1 1RS之和，后翅具1个封闭中室，Rs室开放，后足跗节明显长于胫节，锯鞘端等长于锯鞘基，锯刃平刃型，具多数微小的亚基齿，锯腹片刺毛带互相连接等，与之显著不同。编制了平背叶蜂族分亚族和属检索表。模式标本保存于中南林学院昆虫模式标本室。     

华东叶蜂科两新属（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

本文记述采自福建和浙江的叶蜂科蔺叶蜂亚科两个新属新种：奇鞘叶蜂Songyuna thaumata gen.et sp.nov.和淡足猜唇叶蜂Yuccatia albipes gen.et sp.nov.     

中国平背叶蜂亚科二新属（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

本文记述中国平背叶蜂亚科二新属新种：扁角隙臀叶蜂Ｂｌｅｎｎａｌｌａｎｔｕｓ ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,红胸宽背叶蜂Ａｌｌａｎｅｍｐｒｉａ ｒｕｆｉｔｈｏｒａｃｉｃａ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。隙臀叶蜂属Ｂｌｅｎｎａｌｌａｎｔｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．形态十分特殊：唇基三齿型;颚眼距长于单眼直径２倍,上颚对称双齿型;后颊脊全缘式;触角侧扁,１０节,基部２节宽显著大     

中国烟草甲的寄生蜂一新记录种

记述头甲肿腿蜂属1新记录种——盖拉头甲肿腿蜂Cephalonomiagallicola(Ashmead,1887)。标本保存于浙江大学寄生蜂标本室。     

尖唇叶蜂属系统分类研究(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

尖唇叶蜂属Adamas Malaise是中国新记录属。本文记述1个中国新记录种：宽缘尖唇叶蜂Adamas jakowleffi(Konow,1897)和4个新种：黄尾尖唇叶蜂A.caudatus sp.nov.,平行尖唇叶蜂A.parallelus sp.nov.,徐氏尖唇叶蜂A.xuisp.nov.和吕氏尖唇叶蜂A.lui sp.nov.,给出了详细描述和形态特征图,并编制了分种检索表。详细讨论了尖唇叶蜂属的系统学地位,初步分析了6个已知种之间的关系,认为A.jakowleffi(Konow)和A.ermak Zhelochovtsev,A.caudatus和A.parallelus.A.xui和A.lui分别构成一对姊妹种关系。尖唇叶蜂属上颚不对称,左上颚具1个大型基齿,右上颚单齿,唇基缺口深,侧叶尖,前翅臀室具很短的倾斜横脉,前胸侧板腹侧接触面窄或无,后胸后背板中央甚狭,后足基跗节很短等,表明本属是平背叶蜂亚科成员,系统学地位介于Allantini族和Empriini族之间,并自成一族——尖唇叶蜂族Adamasini。     

中国元叶蜂属一新种(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

记述采自中国湖南的元叶蜂属1新种:潇湘元叶蜂Taxonus hunanensis Wei et Huang,sp.nov.。该新种隶属于aterritinus种团,并与Taxonus aterritinus Wei很相似,新种模式标本存于中南林业科技大学昆虫标本馆。     

Life history of Aneugmenus merida Smith (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in the Venezuelan Andes

Details of the life cycle of Aneugmenus merida Smith (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) reared under laboratory conditions are reported. Females may produce parthenogenetic or non-parthenogenetic eggs. After eclosion, males of A. merida go through five larval instars, pre-pupa, pupa and imago. The complete life cycle lasts approximately 44 days. Larvae feed on bracken [Pteridium caudatum (L.) and Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf)] (Dennstaedtiaceae). We also report on morphological observations of the sinus sexualis in males by scanning electron micrographs and give details on mating behavior.     

Phylogenetics and evolution of host-plant use in leaf-mining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae)

The habit of mining within leaves has evolved convergently in numerous plant-feeding insect taxa. Many leaf-mining groups contain a large number of species with distinct feeding preferences, which makes them highly suitable for studies on the evolutionary history of host-plant use and on the role of niche shifts in speciation. We aimed to clarify the origin, classification, and ecological evolution of the tenthredinid sawfly subfamily Heterarthrinae, which contains c. 150 leaf-mining species that collectively feed on over 20 plant genera around the world. For this, we reconstructed the phylogeny of representative heterarthrine species and diverse outgroups from the superfamily Tenthredinoidea on the basis of DNA sequence data collected from two mitochondrial (CoI and Cytb) and two nuclear (EF-1α and NaK) genes. Thereafter, we inferred the history of niche diversification within Heterarthrinae by plotting larval host-plant associations on the trees, and by contrasting a time-calibrated leaf-miner phylogeny with the phylogeny of their host plants. The results show that: (1) heterarthrine leaf-miners constitute a monophyletic group that arose from external-feeding blennocampine lineages within the Tenthredinidae c. 110-80 million years ago; (2) heterarthrines generally radiated well after their host taxa, and extant host-plant associations therefore result from a combination of host conservatism and occasional shifts among available plant taxa; and (3) diversification in Heterarthrinae apparently occurs by multiple mechanisms, including sympatric or allopatric ecological speciation, non-ecological allopatric speciation, and possibly allochronic speciation. Overall, both present and historical host-use patterns within the Heterarthrinae exhibit striking similarities to patterns found in co-occurring herbivore taxa.     

A second species of Tyloceridius Malaise (Hymenoptera,Tenthredinidae)

Tyloceridius Malaise, 1945 and T. dorsatus (Mocsáry, 1883) are redescribed. Tyloceridius stictocephalussp. n. from China and Nepal is described. Tyloceridius is recorded in China for the first time.     

中国大跗突瓣叶蜂种团一新种（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

合室舞虻属Tachydromia Meigen是舞虻科中较大的属,已知112种分布世界各地.我国以前已知10种.本文首次发现合室舞虻属在陕西有分布,记述2新种:基黄合室舞虻Tachydromia basiflava sp.nov.和粗鬃合室舞虻Tachydromia crassisetosa sp.nov.,均属于白毛合室舞虻种团Tachydromia arrogans species group,并编制了中国合室舞虻属分种检索表.