Paenibacillus lentimorbus Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance Through Lateral Root Formation and Phytohormone Regulation

Under the stressed conditions plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are able to stimulate plant growth through several mechanisms, including antioxidants alleviation, regulation of stress responsive genes and phytohormones etc. Present study is conducted to investigate the impact of Paenibacillus lentimorbus B-30488 inoculation on salinity and drought stress mitigation in Arabidopsis thaliana through modulation in defense enzymes, phyto-hormones and root system architecture associated gene expression profiling. In vitro experiments clearly demonstrated the role of B-30488 in stimulating the root length, branches, lateral root formation and biomass under salinity and drought stress. The inoculation of B-30488 modulated the phytohormones levels to protect the plants from salinity and drought stress. Similarly, defence enzymes were also activated under the stressed conditions, but B-30488 inoculation reduced the antioxidants content during salinity and drought stress as compared to their respective controls. Microscopy results showed decrease in lateral roots hair formation under both stresses and B-30488 inoculation not only mitigate but also enhanced the lateral root formation. Gene expression analysis through real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed modulated expression of several genes related to root development, stress and lateral root formation in B-30488 inoculated seedlings. Results based on the present study, B-30488 is also involved in alteration root architecture, its growth regulation via modulation in phytohormones and genes expression and overall significant improvement in plant growth under stress conditions.

     

The hydroperoxide lyase branch of the oxylipin pathway protects against photoinhibition of photosynthesis

Main conclusion

This study describes a new role for hydroperoxide lyase branch of oxylipin biosynthesis pathway in protecting photosynthetic apparatus under high light conditions.

Lipid-derived signaling molecules, oxylipins, produced by a multi-branch pathway are central in regulation of a wide range of functions. The two most known branches, allene oxide synthase (AOS) and 13-hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) pathways, are best recognized as producers of defense compounds against biotic challenges. In the present work, we examine the role of these two oxylipin branches in plant tolerance to the abiotic stress, namely excessive light. Towards this goal, we have analyzed variable chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of intact leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes with altered oxylipin profile, followed by examining the impact of exogenous application of selected oxylipins on functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus in intact leaves and isolated thylakoid membranes. Our findings unequivocally bridge the function of oxylipins to photosynthetic processes. Specifically, HPL overexpressing lines display enhanced adaptability in response to high light treatment as evidenced by lower rate constant of photosystem 2 (PS2) photoinhibition and higher rate constant of PS2 recovery after photoinhibition. In addition, exogenous application of linolenic acid, 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid, 12-oxophytodienoic acid, and methyl jasmonate individually, suppresses photochemical activity of PS2 in intact plants and isolated thylakoid membranes, while application of HPL-branch metabolites—does not. Collectively these data implicate function of HPL branch of oxylipin biosynthesis pathway in guarding PS2 under high light conditions, potentially exerted through tight regulation of free linolenic acid and 13-hydroperoxy linolenic acid levels, as well as competition with production of metabolites by AOS-branch of the oxylipin pathway.

     

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy Identification of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid in Compressionwood Vascular Cambium of Pinus contorta Dougl

Following cation and anion exchange chromatography, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was converted to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative and then purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After three HPLC steps, endogenous ACC was identified by GCMS in the vascular cambium on the lower side of Pinus contorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia branches in association with compressionwood differentiation, but ACC was not detected in the opposite wood cambial region on the upper sides of the same branches.

The possibility that ACC and ethylene have physiological roles in cambial activity and compressionwood tracheid differentiation is discussed.

     

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the CrRLK1L Gene Family in Apple (Malus domestica)

It has been reported that members of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase1-like kinase (CrRLK1L) gene family detect cell wall integrity, cell-to-cell communication, and biotic and abiotic stress. We performed a comprehensive study including the genome-wide identification, characterization, and gene expression analysis of CrRLK1Ls in apple (Malus domestica). Sixty-seven M. domestica CrRLK1Ls (MdCrRLK1Ls) were identified based on their domain structure. Molecular weight and pI ranged from 52.36–141 kDa and 5.05–8.9, respectively. They were distributed across 16 of the 18 chromosomes and classified into five phylogenetic branches. Exon-intron structural analysis indicated a wide range of exon numbers. Collinearity analysis showed that both segmental-and tandem-duplication contributed to the expansion of this family. Cis-elements in the MdCrRLK1L promoter region responded mainly to light, circadian rhythm, phytohormones, and biotic or abiotic stress. Many members exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns and differentially expressed under biotic stresses, which may contribute to the different functional roles of MdCrRLK1Ls under physiological stress and/or pathological conditions. This study provides new insights into the CrRLK1Ls in Malus spp.

     

Microsporogenesis of the feathers (fertile branches derived from annual buds) in Vitis vinifera,cv Picolit giallo

Abstract

Using light and electron microscopy, we have studied the microsporogenesis and tapetal development of the feathers in two different low producing clones of Picolit giallo (sp. Vitis vinifera). In these clones while the productivity of the main branches (fertile branches originated from buds, formed in the previous year, that remained silent during the winter) is very low, that of the feathers (fertile branches derived from annual buds) is always normal.

The microsporogenesis and tapetal development proceed normally in almost all the examined anthers; it is remarkable that at the tetrad stage the tapetal cells appear well structured without any degeneration symptom, unlike what observed for the main branches. Moreover in most of the mature anthers the pollen grains are numerous, pleinty of organelles and show sometimes thickenings in the callose layer under their wall. The tapetal cells of these anthers have disappeared. Only in few anthers we observed the presence of collapsed pollen grains and tapetal cells with anomalous development, that are still present when the pollen grains are mature. This rare situation for the feathers is on the contrary frequent for the main branches.     

How important is woody tissue photosynthesis in poplar during drought stress?

Key message

Woody tissue photosynthesis might play a key role in maintaining plant carbon economy and hydraulic function under unfavourable conditions such as drought stress.

Abstract

Within trees, a portion of respired CO₂ is assimilated by bark and woody tissue photosynthesis, but its physiological role remains unclear, in particular under unfavour able conditions like drought stress. We hypothesised that woody tissue photosynthesis will contribute to overall tree carbon gain both under sufficient water supply and during drought, and plays a role in maintaining the hydraulic function. We subjected half of the trees to a stem and branch light-exclusion treatment to prevent bark and woody tissue photosynthesis. Then, we measured leaf gas exchange and stem growth in Populus deltoides x nigra ‘Monviso’ trees both under well-watered and dry conditions. We additionally measured cavitation using acoustic emission in detached control and light-excluded branches to illustrate the role of woody tissue photosynthesis in xylem embolism repair. Under well-watered conditions, light exclusion resulted in reduced stem growth relative to control trees by 30 %. In response to drought, stem shrinkage of light-excluded trees was more pronounced as compared to control trees. During drought stress also maximum photosynthesis and transpiration rate tended to decrease more rapidly in light-excluded trees compared to control trees. Leaf fall in light-excluded branches together with the larger number of acoustic emissions in control branches indicates that in the latter more xylem vessels were still hydraulically functional under drought. Therefore, our study highlights that photosynthesis at branch and stem level might be a key factor in the resilience of trees to drought stress by maintaining both the plant carbon economy and hydraulic function.

     

Germination of the Spores and Development of Primary and Secondary Protonema of Funaria hygrometrica

Abstract

1. The primary protonema of Funaria hygrometrica, cultivated on Knop's or Marchal's agar in the light, proved to consist of filaments with much chlorophyll, a hyaline membrane, perpendicular cross-walls and branches equal to the main filament (chloronema). These filaments grow on the surface of the agar, the branches may also grow vertically. Sometimes filaments with less chlorophyll occur immediately after the germination. The caulonema described by Sironval has not been observed. Thus the rhizoid-like forms mentioned in the literature should more likely be considered as a result of external conditions (see Schoene, Bauer, Heitz and Fitting). Therefore it remains doubtful if a distinction between rhizoids and chloronema on the primary protonema is of any importance as it is impossible to give a good definition of either form.

At the base of moss plants main filaments with brown membranes, oblique septa and without chlorophyll may develop (rhizoids). They grow on the surface or within the agar. In F. hygrometrica especially, the stem seems to influence the occurrence of these rhizoids. The main filaments form buds on the basal cell of the branches and thus serve for vegetative reproduction. The branches show the characteristics of the chloronema. This is contrary to the conclusion of Westerdijk that rhizoids would pass into chloronema only when they are damaged or when the growth of the end bud of the plant is inhibited. At the base of the plant, moreover, little ramified, short branches with oblique septa appear which do not produce buds.

2. Branches may develop in the first growth stages of the primary protonema at any point of the cells. One single cell of a main filament can produce none, one, or more than one branch. Later the branches appear immediately behind the acroscopic cross-wall except in a few cases. Each cell then produces one branch.

3. Buds always develop at the basal cell of a primary branch of a green main filament or of a rhizoid derived from a moss plant.

4. In two ways the protonema may fall into pieces, which can develop into new main filaments:

(a) By forming brood cells; rounded cells which get detached by splitting of the septum. This phenomenon is very frequent. Contrary to Servettaz's opinion it seems to occur particularly under unfavourable conditions.

(b) By forming special cells, tmemata, whose walls are rent. These occur on the primary protonema contrary to the observations of Correns and Bauer, but they are much less frequent than the brood cells. No observations have been made on the circumstances of their occurrence.     

Porous metal block based on topology optimization to treat distal femoral bone defect in total knee revision

Metal block augmentations are common solutions in treating bone defects of total knee revision. However, the stress shielding and poor osteointegration resulted from metal block application could not be neglected in bone defects restoration. In this study, a novel porous metal block was designed with topology optimization to improve biomechanical performance. The biomechanical difference of the topologically optimized block, solid Ti6Al4V block, and porous Ti6Al4V block in treating bone defects of total knee revision was compared by finite element analysis. The inhomogeneous femoral model was created according to the computed tomography data. Combined with porous structures, minimum compliance topology optimization subjected to the volume fraction constraint was utilized for the redesign of the metal block. The region of interest was defined as a 10 mm area of the distal femur beneath the contacting surface. The biomechanical performance of daily motions was investigated. The von Mises stress, the strain energy density of the region of interest, and the von Mises stress of metal blocks were recorded. The results were analyzed in SPSS. In terms of the region of interest, the maximum von Mises stress of the topological optimized group increased obviously, and its average stress was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the topologically optimized block group had the highest maximum strain energy density of the three groups, and the lowest maximum stress of block was also found in this group. In this study, the stress shielding reduction and stress transfer capability were found obviously improved through topology optimization. Therefore, the topological optimized porous block is recommended in treating bone defects of total knee revision. Meanwhile, this study also provided a novel approach for mechanical optimization in block designing.

     

Tree Branching: Leonardo da Vinci's Rule versus Biomechanical Models

This study examined Leonardo da Vinci''s rule (i.e., the sum of the cross-sectional area of all tree branches above a branching point at any height is equal to the cross-sectional area of the trunk or the branch immediately below the branching point) using simulations based on two biomechanical models: the uniform stress and elastic similarity models. Model calculations of the daughter/mother ratio (i.e., the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the daughter branches to the cross-sectional area of the mother branch at the branching point) showed that both biomechanical models agreed with da Vinci''s rule when the branching angles of daughter branches and the weights of lateral daughter branches were small; however, the models deviated from da Vinci''s rule as the weights and/or the branching angles of lateral daughter branches increased. The calculated values of the two models were largely similar but differed in some ways. Field measurements of Fagus crenata and Abies homolepis also fit this trend, wherein models deviated from da Vinci''s rule with increasing relative weights of lateral daughter branches. However, this deviation was small for a branching pattern in nature, where empirical measurements were taken under realistic measurement conditions; thus, da Vinci''s rule did not critically contradict the biomechanical models in the case of real branching patterns, though the model calculations described the contradiction between da Vinci''s rule and the biomechanical models. The field data for Fagus crenata fit the uniform stress model best, indicating that stress uniformity is the key constraint of branch morphology in Fagus crenata rather than elastic similarity or da Vinci''s rule. On the other hand, mechanical constraints are not necessarily significant in the morphology of Abies homolepis branches, depending on the number of daughter branches. Rather, these branches were often in agreement with da Vinci''s rule.     

Mechanical stresses of primary branches: a survey of 40 woody tree and shrub species

Land plants have evolved a large number of growth forms and each plant species has a unique morphology. For many tall plants, main stems serve the function of vertical growth while primary and higher order branches are responsible for lateral growth for greater light interception. Herein we search for a mechanical constant for primary branches. Primary branches were sampled from 40 species of trees and shrubs. Among the species sampled, branch lengths ranged from 1.8 to 12.2 m, weights from 0.056 to 16.6 kg, base diameters from 17 to 150 mm, bending moments from 7.1 to 2,200 N-m, and section moduli from 0.039 to 29.0 × 10⁻³ m³. Primary branches of all 40 tree and shrub species exhibited relatively constant bending stresses along each branch. Moreover stress values among the 40 species were relatively constant at about 11 MPa (mean = 11.1 MPa [range 5.2–18.9]; standard deviation = 3.3 MPa). Furthermore, primary branches without secondary branches attached (1) had similar bending moment distributions as tapered cantilever beams, (2) exhibited relatively constant slope values of stress versus length among all species (stresses increased linearly with length), and (3) exhibited both relatively constant density and relatively constant taper within each species. We conclude that the relatively constant stress of about 11 MPa of primary branches was due solely to the numbers, weights, and distributions of secondary branches and associated higher order branches along primary branches for the 40 plant species. To our knowledge, this is the first publication that shows a unifying mechanical constant for primary branches of plants.

黑河下游绿洲胡杨生长状况与叶生态特征

选择黑河下游额济纳绿洲为研究区,以优势物种胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)为研究对象。在2009年和2010年对研究区胡杨的生长状况、叶生态特征和生境进行了调查。调查结果表明:胡杨受水分胁迫的程度增强,生长态势变差,其枯枝比由2.45%增加到81.00%,其比叶面积由11.84 m2/kg减少到5.35 m2/kg。叶气孔密度变化很大,最小值为105(个/mm2),最大值为218(个/mm2),平均值为158.4(个/mm2),随着地下水埋深的增加,叶气孔密度先减少后增加之后再显著减少(P0.05),呈三次函数关系。研究得出枯枝比能够反映胡杨分布区地下水的变化状况,是林相描述比较重要的指标,比叶面积和叶气孔密度能够指示胡杨种群环境变化。研究结果可为荒漠河岸林恢复和生态输水效应评价提供科学依据。     

Effects of varied water regimes on root length,dry matter partitioning and endogenous plant growth regulators in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of varied water regimes on root length, partitioning of dry matter and plant growth regulators by using sunflower genotypes differing in maturity and drought tolerance. Significant depressing effect of drought stress was evident on traits (i.e., reproductive dry matter, leaf area index and cytokinin concentrations in leaves). However, root/shoot, reproductive/vegetative ratios and Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration were found to increase under drought stress. Drought stress also changed the dry matter accumulation pattern of genotypes. In most cases it reduced the days to reach the maximum peak showing early senescence.

ABA was identified as a multi-functional plant growth regulator under drought stress, causing early senescence of plants and translocation of assimilates to the roots and reproductive part while root growth under drought stress was explained by the indole-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations. Maintaining higher cytokinin contents were involved in accumulation of higher reproductive dry matter under drought stress. Although ABA and IAA were both involved in the development of defense responses during the adaptation and survival to drought stress but higher productivity under drought stress was only realized through maintaining higher cytokinin contents.     

Studio Del Ritmo Vegetativo Di Olea Europaea L. in Messina Negli Anni 1952–54

Summary

The vegetative growth of the olive tree in Messina is described. The growth period begins at the end of March and prosecutes without interruption as late as November. The secondary wood tissue producted during summer time (from Yuly to August) is abnormal being of a parenchimatoide type. During winter there is a well defined rest period.

The cambium produces secondary wood and bark with an alternate rythm, so that in spring the wood production prevails on the liber and in autumn the opposite condition is realized.

Each phase of production of secondary conducting tissues (wood as well as bark) is followed by a phase of starch storing.

In the stem several false wood rings are produced during one year, while in the young branches each wood ring corresponds to one year.

The longitudinal growth and cork formation on the branches of the year are particularly pronounced during spring (March-May).

Cambium cells swell in a characteristic way before they start dividing and collapse during the resting periods, thickening evidently their walls, so that in winter it is difficult to distinguish a cambial cell from a parenchimatic one.

The behaviour of the vegetative growth of the olive tree in Messina is discussed on the base of the climatic characters of the region.     

A model for attachment of aquatic mosses

Abstract

Detached fragments of the aquatic mosses Fontinalis duriaei and Hygroamblystegium fluviatile can attach to rocks and tree branches. A period of at least 9 weeks in association with a new rock substrate is required for attachment to occur, under the conditions of the experiment. Following the initiation of attachment there is a great increase in attachment activity resulting in a network of rhizoids; this quickly diminishes after 12–13 weeks. The overall behavior closely parallels the hyperbolic behavior pattern of several species colonizing an artificial new island (Schoener, 1974) and the curve shape appears to be a universal one where the attachment rate can be expressed as

Y = Y _max - ae^{b(t ? w)}

where the rate of attachment (b) averages somewhere near ?.5, but is influenced by other variables, including substrate type; a is the fraction of moss which will attach between the end of week wand the time of maximum attachment; t is week number; and w is the week of first attachment.     

Spinnability of Starch Pastes

We have developed apparatus to assess spinnability that uses an impedance to prevent of electrolysis. The spinning distance and the stress confirmed by measurement of dial gauge.

A total of 10 starch pastes was prepared from corn, sago, katakuri, sweet potato, kuzu, edible canna, cassava, Indian lotus root, bracken, and potato, at 2% and 4% concentrations. The spinning distance of each starch paste showed a dependence on the concentration and the tensile velocity.

The strain at the point of maximum stress increased in all samples with increases in the tensile velocity. The spinning energy increased with increase in the tensile velocity, with a particularly large dependence on the tensile velocity of potato.

Cluster analysis was done using the spinning property values of 4% starch pastes as the parameters, which showed a division at a distance of 20, yielding four clusters, with each cluster showing a distinctive spinning pattern.     

ONTOGENY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF THE MIDDLE PENNSYLVANIAN ARBORESCENT LYCOPOD BOTHRODENDRON PUNCTATUM,BOTHRODENDRACEAE (WESTERN MIDDLE ANTHRACITE FIELD,SHAMOKIN QUADRANGLE,PENNSYLVANIA)

Study of an in situ Bothrodendron punctatum community in a strip mine in Bear Valley, Shamokin Quadrangle, Pennsylvania, provides new insights into the ontogeny of Middle Pennsylvanian arborescent lycopods and into the ecological and environmental characteristics of lycopod-dominated clastic-swamp communities. Bothrodendron punctatum began growth as a monocaulous stem. The first branches developed when the stem attained a minimum height of 5 m. Lateral branches bore terminal cones and were determinate and deciduous. They grew to a maximum length of 1 m, and became smaller and more closely spaced with increasing stem height. The branch scars were not disrupted by secondary stem growth indicating that the branches stayed attached until the stem attained its determinate growth limit. The plant grew to a height of 25 m. Though B. punctatum is an uncommon component of Euramerican floras, the plant could become locally dominant under favorable environmental and edaphic conditions. The upper canopy was formed by B. punctatum and contained emergents of Lepidodendron aculeatum and a Sigillaria species. The understory contained pteridosperms and rare Calamites. Bothrodendron punctatum seems to have preferred environments transitional between clastic and peat swamp conditions. It was sensitive to local inhomogeneity in microhabitat characteristics, as well as to regional climatic fluctuations (drought stress). Both these variables produce specifically attributable effects on branch size and separation trends.     

Maple sap uptake, exudation, and pressure changes correlated with freezing exotherms and thawing endotherms

Sap flow rates and sap pressure changes were measured in dormant sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum Marsh.). In the forest, sap flow rates and pressure changes were measured from tap holes drilled into tree trunks in mature trees and sap flow rates were measured from the base of excised branches. Excised branches were also brought into the laboratory where air temperature could be carefully controlled in a refrigerated box and sap flow rates and sap pressures were measured from the cut base of the branches.

Under both forest and laboratory conditions, sap uptake occurred as the wood temperature declined but much more rapid sap uptake correlated with the onset of the freezing exotherm. When sap pressures were measured under conditions of negligible volume displacement, the sap pressure rapidly fell to −60 to −80 kilopascals at the start of the freezing exotherm. The volume of water uptake and the rate of uptake depended on the rate of freezing. A slow freezing rate correlated with a large volume of water uptake, a fast freezing rate induced a smaller volume of water uptake. The volume of water uptake ranged from 0.02 to 0.055 grams water per gram dry weight of sapwood. The volume of water exuded after thawing was usually less than the volume of uptake so that after several freezing and thawing cycles the sapwood water content increased from 0.7 to 0.8 grams water per gram dry weight.

These results are discussed in terms of a physical model of the mechanism of maple sap uptake and exudation first proposed by P. E. R. O'Malley. The proposed mechanism of sap uptake is by vapor distillation in air filled wood fiber lumina during the freezing of minor branches. Gravity and pressurized air bubbles (compressed during freezing) cause sap flow from the canopy down the tree after the thaw.

     

Scapania praetervisa Meyl., not S. mucronata Buch in Britain

Abstract

The protonema of Orthotrichum obtusifolium, regenerated from leafy shoots, comprises a dense mass of largely unbranched exclusively upright filaments. All the cells have transverse cross-walls and contain numerous chloroplasts which become larger and discoidal in older filaments. Differentiation into chloro- and caulonema is absent. When upright filaments are transplanted onto an agar surface, they act as the main axes for a further set of upright branches. Buds and side branches are produced symmetrically at right angles to the mother cells. Protonemal morphogenesis hardly changes on nutrientfree medium and spherical brood cells are not produced after prolonged culture or in the presence of abscisic acid. Rhizoids with oblique septa and pigmented walls arise from the base of gametophores. These revert to protonemata when in contact with nutrient agar.

The upright filaments produce terminal and intercalary filamentous gemmae with well defined abscission cells. The latter swell and lose their contents prior to liberation. Cells immediately below the abscission cells produce side branches in acropetal succession. Secondary gemmae arise by percurrent proliferation and gemmae frequently germinate in situ.     

Nitrogen fixation is synchronized with carbon metabolism in Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula nodules under salt stress

Abstract

In the present work, the response to NaCl applied at the vegetative stage to Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus has been evaluated in order to ascertain whether the effect of salt stress on nitrogen fixation is due to a limitation on nodular carbon metabolism. Results show maximum sucrose synthase (SS) and alkaline invertase (AI) activities were obtained at the vegetative stage, when maximum nitrogenase activity was detected in both species. SS activity decreased with the salt treatment, providing evidence of the regulatory role of this enzyme for the carbon supply to the bacteroids. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities could account for higher nitrogen fixation efficiency detected in L. japonicus nodules and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity compensated for the carbon limitations that occur under salt stress. These results support that nitrogenase inhibition in nodules experiencing salt stress is doubt to a carbon flux shortage, as result of carbon metabolism enzymes activities down-regulation.     

Design of a Frequency Reconfigurable Broadband THz Antenna Based on the Vanadium Dioxide

In this article, the design of a frequency reconfigurable broadband THz antenna based on vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is investigated. Instead of being fed by the microstrip line directly, a windmill-shaped feeding structure is designed to provide a proximity-coupled feeding method. Many modes with contiguous resonant frequencies can be excited to obtain the wideband performance. The proposed antenna combines gold with metamaterial VO₂. Thanks to insulator-metal phase transition characteristic of VO₂ at phase transition temperature (68 °C), we can change the length of the resonant branches to realize frequency reconfiguration by changing the external temperature (T). The simulated results illustrate that when T = 50 °C (State I), such an antenna has a bandwidth of 35.2% (7.01–10 THz) with S₁₁ below − 10 dB, and a maximum gain of 6.62 dBic. When T = 80 °C (State II), it has a bandwidth of 21.8% (5.77–7.18 THz) with S₁₁ below − 10 dB, and a maximum gain of 4.49 dBic. Thus, we realize a design of a proximity-coupled antenna with reconfigurable wideband over the THz band.