银杏酮酯对模拟缺血豚鼠心室肌细胞I_K的影响

目的:观察银杏酮酯(GBE50)对模拟缺血豚鼠心室肌细胞延迟整流钾电流(IK)的影响,探讨GBE50抗心肌缺血的机制。方法:采用标准膜片钳全细胞记录方法观察GBE50对正常及模拟缺血豚鼠心室肌细胞IK的影响。结果:在细胞外液中分别加入25,50,100mg/L GBE50灌流,仅100mg/L GBE50对正常心室肌细胞IK有影响(P0.05),使IK电流密度减小,I-V曲线下移;模拟缺血液灌流20minIK减小,I-V曲线下移,在模拟缺血液中分别加入25,50,100mg/L GBE50后,仅25mg/L无效,50,100mg/LGBE50灌流20min后IK稍减小,I-V曲线稍有下移,与缺血前相比无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:100mg/LGBE50可减少正常豚鼠心室肌细胞IK;在模拟缺血条件下豚鼠心室肌细胞IK受到明显的抑制,GBE50可明显逆转缺血所致IK的抑制效应,这可能是GBE50产生心肌保护作用的重要机制之一。     

三氧化二砷对心肌细胞膜延迟整流钾通道蛋白表达的影响研究

目的:观察不同剂量的三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,As2O3)对心肌细胞膜上延迟整流钾电流蛋白表达的影响。方法:将豚鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组、As2O3小剂量组(0.4 mg/kg)、中剂量组(0.8 mg/kg)、大剂量组(1.6 mg/kg),给药后不同时间间隔记录心电图,测量QT间期和RR间期,计算QTc的值的变化,同时应用荧光免疫组化技术检测心肌延迟整流钾通道IKr、IKs通道蛋白的表达量。结果:1在不同剂量的As2O3作用下,0.8 mg/kg和1.6 mg/kg As2O3组的豚鼠QTc明显延长,并且这种延长作用与给药剂量和时间密切相关。在2 h的观察时间内,0.8 mg/kg和1.6 mg/kg As2O3分别使QTc从对照组的324±7 ms延长到368±11 ms(P0.01)和388±11 ms(P0.01)。2大剂量组豚鼠心肌缓慢型延迟整流钾通道Kv LQT1和GPERG蛋白表达与对照组相比显著降低(P0.01)。结论:As2O3对豚鼠心肌QT间期有明显延长效果,其机制可能与降低Kv LQT1和GPERG蛋白的表达,影响了钾通道的功能有关。     

抗心律失常药RP62719对哺乳动物心室肌K+电流的抑制

使用全细胞膜片箝技术, 研究RP62719对内向整流钾电流(IK1)、瞬时外向钾电流(Ito)和延迟外向整流钾电流(IK)的作用, 并探讨其抗心律失常作用的机制.实验结果表明, 在指令电压为-100 mV时, RP62719可显著抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞IK1, 半数抑制浓度(IC50)为5.0±1.0 μmol/L.RP62719 10 μmol/L在+40 mV时对犬心室肌细胞Ito抑制率为84.0±4.4%, IC50为1.2±0.51 μmol/L.在+40 mV时, 50 μmol/L RP62719还可使豚鼠心室肌细胞IKstep 减少50.0±8.3%, IKtail减少56.0±4.9%, IC50分别为4.2±0.8 μmol/L和3.3±0.75 μmol/L.提示RP62719抗心律失常的离子机制与其对IK1、Ito及IK的抑制有关.     

银杏苦内酯B对缺血豚鼠心室肌动作电位、L-型钙电流和延迟整流钾电流的作用

目的:研究银杏苦内酯B对正常和缺血心室肌细胞动作电位(action potential,AP),L-型钙电流(L-type calcium current,ICa-L)、延迟整流钾电流(Delayed Rectifier Currennt,IK)的影响.方法:用常规细胞内微电极方法记录豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位,用全细胞膜片钳技术记录游离心室肌细胞离子流.结果:①在生理条件下,银杏苦内酯B可缩短心室肌细胞动作电位时程 (action potential duration,APD),但对AP其他参数无影响,银杏苦内酯B可增大IK,呈浓度依赖性,但对ICa-L无显著作用;②在缺血条件下,APD50、APD90明显缩短,RP、APA减小,Vmax减慢,而银杏苦内酯B则可延缓和减轻缺血所引起上述参数的变化;3.在缺血条件下,IK和ICa-L均受到抑制,但加入银杏苦内酯B后可逆转缺血所造成这两种离子流的减小.结论:银杏苦内酯B可对抗心肌缺血所引起的心肌电生理的变化,提示银杏苦内酯B可预防心律失常的发生.     

海葵毒素对心肌钠通道开放模式、动作电位及心电图QT间期的影响

应用膜片箝技术记录游离豚鼠心肌细胞钠通道电流, 细胞内微电极技术记录心室乳头肌的动作电位和心电图机记录豚鼠的心电图。使用与心肌细胞钠通道有高度亲和力的海葵毒素(sea anemone toxin, ATXⅡ)改变钠通道开放的动力过程, 从三个水平来研究钠通道、动作电位、心电图变化的关系, 并试图探讨长QT综合征(long QT syndrome, LQTs)的发病机制。结果显示: ATXⅡ使钠通道的开放频率增加, 钠通道中“长时间开放模式”的开放时间常数增大, 动作电位的持续时间APD50和APD90也分别增加了23%和27%。 ATXⅡ使动物心电图QT间期延长18.6%, QTc (校正的QT间期)增大18.9%。这些结果提示, 钠通道动力过程的变化对动作电位和心电图QT间期有重要影响, 钠通道功能或结构的变异可能是临床上部分长QT综合征产生的原因。     

抗心律失常药RP62 71 9对哺乳动物心室肌K~ 电流的抑制

使用全细胞膜片箝技术 ,研究RP6 2 719对内向整流钾电流 (IK1)、瞬时外向钾电流 (Ito)和延迟外向整流钾电流 (IK)的作用 ,并探讨其抗心律失常作用的机制。实验结果表明 ,在指令电压为 - 10 0mV时 ,RP6 2 719可显著抑制豚鼠心室肌细胞IK1,半数抑制浓度 (IC50 )为 5 0± 1 0 μmol/L。RP6 2 71910 μmol/L在 40mV时对犬心室肌细胞Ito抑制率为 84 0± 4 4% ,IC50 为 1 2± 0 5 1μmol/L。在 40mV时 ,5 0 μmol/LRP6 2 719还可使豚鼠心室肌细胞IKstep减少 5 0 0± 8 3% ,IKtail减少 5 6 0± 4 9% ,IC50 分别为 4 2± 0 8μmol/L和 3 3± 0 75 μmol/L。提示RP6 2 719抗心律失常的离子机制与其对IK1、Ito及IK 的抑制有关     

尿素对小鼠体表心电图和心室肌细胞钠离子通道电流的影响

目的：观察尿素对小鼠体表心电图和心室肌细胞钠离子通道电流的影响。方法：使用常规的心电图记录方法和膜片钳实验技术,分别记录小鼠体表心电图和心室肌细胞钠离子通道电流。结果：尿素可以使小鼠心率明显减慢（P〈0．01）,呈浓度依赖性,低、中、高三个剂量组的心率分别由给药前的（612±27、615±23、619±26）b·min^-1下降到给药后的（556±29、469±37、378±48）b·min^-1,并且中、高剂量组发生了不同程度的传导阻滞性心律失常;尿素对小鼠心室肌细胞钠电流有明显的抑制作用（P〈0．05）,钠电流分别由给药前的（8．76±0．91、8．87±1．01、8．77±0．96）nA降低到给药后的（7．32±0．68、5．69±0．64、4．58±0．57）nA,呈浓度依赖性。结论：尿素可以通过抑制心室肌细胞钠电流使小鼠发生传导阻滞性心律失常。     

葛根素对大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位及钾通道电流的影响

目的:观察葛根素对大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位及钾通道电流的影响。方法:用常规微电极方法记录大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位,用全细胞膜片钳技术记录游离心室肌细胞钾离子流。结果:不同浓度的葛根素均能延长大鼠心室肌细胞动作电位时程(APD)及抑制内向整流钾电流,具有明显的浓度依赖关系。结论:葛根素延长APD,抑制内向整流钾电流,可能是其抗心律失常的机制。     

血小板活化因子对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和钾通道的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了血小板活化因子(platelet activatingfactor,PAF)对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和钾电流的影响.结果发现,当电极内液ATP浓度为5 mmol/L(模拟正常条件)时,1 μmol/L PAF使APD90由对照的225.8±23.3 ms延长至352.8±29.8ms(n=5,P＜0.05);使IK尾电流在指令电压 30 mV由对照的173.5±16.7 pA降至152.1±11.5 pA(P＜0.05,n=4);使Ikl在指令电压为-120 mV时由对照组的-6.1±1.3 nA降至-5.6±1.1 nA(P＜0.05,n=5);但PAF在生理膜电位范围(-90mV～ 20mV)对IK1没有影响.当电极内液ATP浓度为0mmol/L时,IK·ATP开放(模拟缺血条件),1 μmol/LPAF却显著缩短APD90,由对照的153±24.6 ms缩短至88.2±19.4 ms(n=5,P＜0.01).而用1 μmol/L格列本脲(IK·ATP的特异阻断剂)预处理后,恢复了PAF可显著延长动作电位时程的作用.结果提示,PAF可能扩大缺血心肌和正常心肌细胞动作电位时程的不均一性,是缺血/再灌注性心律失常发生的重要原因.     

海葵毒素对心肌钠通道开放模式，动作电位及心电图QT周期的影响

应用膜片箝技术记录游离豚鼠心肌细胞的钠通道电流,细胞内微电极技术记录心室乳头肌的动作电位和心电图机记录豚鼠的心电图,使用与心肌;细胞钠通道有高度亲和力的海葵毒素（sea anemone toxin,ATXⅡ）改变钠通道开放的动力过程,从三个水平来研究钠通道,动作电位,心电图变化的关系,并试图探讨长QT综合征（long QT syndrome,LQTs)的发病机制,结果显示,ATXⅡ使钠通道的开放频率增加,钠通道中“长时间开放模式”的开放时间常数增大,动人电位的持续时间APD50和APD50也分别增加了23％和27％,ATXⅡ使动物心电图QT间期延长18．6％,QTc(校正的QT间期）增大18．9％,这些结果提示,钠通道动力过程的变化对动作电位和心电图QT间期有重要影响,钠通道功能或结构的变异可能是临床上部分长QT综合征产生的原因。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.