鄱阳湖黄颡鱼生物学研究

本文对翻阳黄颡鱼种内性状变异,食性,年龄和生长,成熟系数,周年变化,繁殖力等生物学特性进行了研究,为进一步利用和增养殖黄颡提供了理论依据。     

利用微卫星标记分析东平湖黄颡鱼的遗传多样性

采用27对鲤微卫星引物对山东东平湖黄颡鱼进行全基因组扫描,结果有19对引物能获得稳定的扩增条带,其中有6个微卫星位点具有多态性。对这6个位点的扩增产物进行分析,结果显示:6个位点共检测到22个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数从2个到6个不等;平均基因纯合率为41.67%,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.488,平均杂合度为0.5833。这表明东平湖黄颡鱼种群结构合理,群体遗传多样性较丰富,种质资源处于安全状态。     

瓦氏黄颡鱼线粒体全基因组序列分析及系统进化

鲿科鱼类种类繁多, 外形相似, 形态学分类较为困难。为了给鲿科鱼类乃至鲇形目鱼类的系统进化研究积累基础资料, 文章采用参照近缘物种线粒体基因组设计覆盖全基因组引物的方法, 利用16对引物对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)线粒体全基因组进行扩增, PCR产物转化到质粒后测序, 最终获得线粒体基因组全序列, 其全长为16 527 bp, 包括2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因、13个编码蛋白质基因和一个非编码控制区。瓦氏黄颡鱼(P. vachelli)线粒体基因组结构和基因排列顺序与现已公布的鲇形目鱼类完全一致, 序列分析表明, 与鲇形目其他种属间具有较高的同源性, 与拟鲿属的同源性最高(91%)。利用鲇形目共4科6属9种及3个外群的线粒体全基因组序列, 从线粒体基因组水平探讨了鲿科鱼类及其在鲇形目的系统进化地位, 结果表明: 鲿科鱼类的瓦氏黄颡鱼(P. vachelli)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)及越南拟鲿(Pseudobagrus tokiensis)构成一单系群; 拟鲿属与黄颡鱼属的关系较近; 黄颡鱼属中瓦氏黄颡鱼(P. vachelli)与光泽黄颡鱼(P.nitidus)的关系近于黄颡鱼(P. fulvidraco)。     

A revision of Holm's late Mid and Late Cambrian hyoliths of Sweden

Type specimens of Hyolithus tenuistriatus Linnarsson show this species to be the second definitive representative of the North American genus Nevadotheca in Scandinavia; H. subcostatus Wallerius is questionably assigned to that genus. Restudy of the types of the hyolithids Hyolithus pennatulus Holm confirms the earlier assignment of that species to Carinolithes Syssoiev and H. araneus Holm is assigned to Lovenedolithes gen. nov. Morphology of the orthothecids Hyolithus ( Orthotheca ) cor Holm, H . ( O .) excavatus Holm and H . ( O .) lineatulus Holm supports placement of the first in Contitheca Syssoiev and the others in Decoritheca Syssoiev. Hyolithus ( Orthotheca ) stylus Holm, type species of Circotheca Syssoiev, is of special significance as the basis for both a family and an order. The morphology of the species suggests that ordinal status is not warranted. Hyolithus obscurus Holm, on which Linevitus Syssoiev is founded, is known only from poorly preserved internal moulds and is unrecognizable.     

苏州地区野生黄颡鱼寄生虫多样性及其寄生特性

2002年2～9月对苏州地区野生黄颡鱼寄生虫进行了系统调查,发现其体内外寄生虫共有37种,分别隶属于5门11纲14目22科28属,其中原生动物门13种,占所有寄生虫的35．1％;扁形动物门15种,占40．5％;线形动物门5种,占13．5％;节肢动物门3种,占8．1％;环节动物门1种,占2．7％。从不同体长组黄颡鱼的寄生虫感染率和平均感染强度变化以及季节变化的结果表明,黄颡鱼对许多淡水寄生虫易感,而且吸虫与纤毛虫是苏州地区黄颡鱼的主要寄生虫。研究还发现,当黄颡鱼体长超过20cm时,寄生虫的感染程度显著减弱。     

Redescriptions of Phallodrilus parthenopaeus Pierantoni and P. obscurus Cook (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae)

The type species of Phallodrilus Pierantoni, 1902, P. parthenopaeus Pierantoni, 1902; is redescribed on the basis of new material from W Scotland. The species is characterized by its specific spermathecal and penial setae, its very slender atria, and its long spermathecal ducts. Sexually fully mature specimens of P. obscurus Cook, 1969 are described for the first time, on the basis of material from New Jersey (E USA). The new material shows that this species possesses 5 to 9 penial setae in each ventral bundle of segment XI, and that its atria are coated with a relatively thick musculature.     

鮊属和红鮊属模式种的订正

鲤科鮊亚科中的鱼类是东亚特有的一个类群,在我国分布甚广,种类较多,为常见的经济鱼类.有关鱼类的分类已有不少学者作过研究,本文主要讨论Cutter alburnus Basilewsky和Cutter erythropterus Basilewsky两个种的性状经订正后而涉及鮊属(Cutter)和红舶属(Erythroculter),与模式种的性状相一致的问题,并根据现有材料将鮊鱼类进行分类整理.       

以线粒体DNA Cytb确立红喉雉鹑和黄喉雉鹑的分类地位

采用PCR技术获得红喉雉鹑Tetraophasis obscurus和黄喉雉鹑Tetraophasis szechenyii等物种的828 bp Cytb基因片段,雉鹑属Tetraophasis可变位点为26个,并用MEGA3和K-Estimator 6.1软件进行了序列分析.研究发现红喉雉鹑和黄喉雉鹑之间序列差异为3.0%～3.1%,与其它属种间序列差异相比较,两种雉鹑之间的序列差异达到了种的水平;它们地理分布互相替代;形态差异稳定.地理分布、形态特征和遗传特征均验证了它们应为两个独立的种.依据分子进化速率推测,两种雉鹑分歧时间距今2.0Myr左右,与早更新世冰期发生的时间一致.雉鹑起源于青藏高原,随着青藏高原的抬升,早更新世冰期气候变冷,寒温性针叶林的林线下移,大面积高原草甸出现,雉鹑的祖先种群被隔离进化,而形成了两种雉鹑.     

Trochus kotschyi, the first Indian Ocean record of the genus Osilinus (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae)

The species Trochus kotschyi Philippi, 1849, and Priotrochus obscurus (Wood, 1828) have been much confused in the past. Consistent differences between these taxa in respect of shell morphology, external anatomy and radular and opercular form are demonstrated. The distribution of T. kotschyi and the extent to which it and P. obscurus are sympatric are discussed. T. korschyi is referred to the genus Osilinus Philippi, 1847, a new combination and the first record of the genus from the Indo-West Pacific. The species is thought to be a pre-Miocene relict reflecting a mid-Tethyan origin of the genus. A note on the type species designation of Osilinus is provided.     

A new species of Opisthioglyphe (Trematoda: Telorchiidae) from gall bladder of turtles in Malaysia

Opisthioglyphe sharmai n. sp. is described from the gall bladder of the Malayan box turtle, Cuora amboinensis, and the black marsh turtle, Siebenrockiella crassicollis, in Malaysia. The new species is morphologically similar to Opisthioglyphe ranae and some other members of the genus parasitic in amphibians and reptiles. Opisthioglyphe sharmai n. sp. is easily differentiated from all other members of the genus by the cirrus sac extending posterior to the ventral sucker, while in all previously known species the cirrus sac is entirely or mostly preacetabular with the base of the structure not reaching beyond mid-line of the ventral sucker. Despite the overall stable morphology, O. sharmai n. sp. is characterized by highly variable arrangement of testes, from tandem to opposite. It is only the second representative of the genus described from turtles and the first species of Opisthioglyphe parasitic in gall bladder, while all previously described members of the genus are parasitic in the intestine of their hosts.     

黄颡鱼属物种的RAPD分子鉴定及杂种遗传分析

使用20个随机引物研究了4种黄颡鱼的RAPD图谱,其中6个可以用来准确鉴别4个种,分别是S1、S2、S5、S7、S8、S17。同时也分析了4种黄颡鱼之间的亲缘关系,发现种间遗传距离D值在0.5000左右波动,黄颡鱼-叉尾黄颡鱼、瓦氏黄颡鱼-光泽黄颡鱼之间的D值最小,分别是0.4816和0.4017。聚类图显示,黄颡鱼和叉尾黄颡鱼属同一分支;瓦氏黄颡鱼和光泽黄颡鱼属另一分支,说明它们之间分别有更近的亲缘关系。另外,采用黄颡鱼作母本,瓦氏黄颡鱼作父本,获得了杂交F1代,对F1代进行RAPD分析,发现了杂种遗传图谱的三种变化情况:叠加、叠加-变异、叠加-弱化,表明F1代DNA多态性增强,杂合性提高,预示着杂种优势的可能性。       

A phylogenetic study of Lepidapedoides Yamaguti, 1970 (Digenea) with a key and descriptions of two new species from Western Australia

Two new species of the genus Lepidapedoides are described from the aulopodid teleost Aulopus purpurissatus from south-western Australia. Both are distinguished from other Lepidapedoides spp. by their pedunculate ventral sucker. Lepidapedoides pistoris n. sp. and L. elongatrium n. sp. are distinguished by the possession of a narrow, elongate form, a long ventral sucker to ovary distance, the vitellarium reaching only to the posterior level of the cirrus-sac, the cirrus-sac length and the deep genital atrium with the metraterm entering distally to its base in L. elongatrium. A key to species of the genus is given. A character matrix is included for the genus. Poorly resolved phylogenetic trees indicate two main lineages in the genus. The two new species described here are resolved as sister taxa. The new combination Lepidapedoides freitasi (Kohn &; Fernandes, 1970) is formed for Acanthocolpoides freitasi.     

中国蚊蝎蛉属四新种记述(长翅目,蚊蝎蛉科)

记述了中国蚊蝎蛉属Bittacus Latreille 4新种,即暗蚊蝎蛉Bittacus obscurus sp.nov.,浅黄蚊蝎蛉Bittacusflavidus sp nov,长突蚊蝎蛉Bittacus longiprocessus sp.nov.和四边蚊蝎蛉Bittacus trapezoideus sp.nov..模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆.     

哈尔滨产几种囊裸藻扫描电镜观察

本文采用扫描电子显微镜对采自哈尔滨市郊的囊裸藻属(Tra-chelomonas)12种5变种进行观察,其中有中国新记录5种3变种,东北新记录5种1变种。文中对每个种进行了形态描述并附有照片,认为应用扫描电子显微镜观察囊壳的表面结构,对此属的系统分类研究有重要意义。     

长江下游水生动物群落生物多样性变动趋势初探

对1990－1999年间长江下游江段生物多样性的变动趋势进行了研究,并就群落稳定性与多样性的关系进行了探讨,结果表明,物种多样性指数量大值为1．1112,最小值为0．0327,反映物种均匀度,丰盛度的指数都有不同程度的下降,而反映优势度的指数却有一定程度的上升,优势度指数最大值为1,最小值为0．34046,优势种前6位分别为杂虾,青虾,餐条,吻Qu,蛇Qu,黄颡,表明长江下游江段的生物多样性正在逐步丧失,经济鱼类数量趋减,小型野杂鱼类数量趋增。     

Studies on Japanese botryllid ascidians. II. A new species of the genus Botryllus from the vicinity of Shimoda

Morphology and life history of a new species of the genus Botryllus belonging to the family Botryllidae were described in detail. This ascidian was collected from the stony shore in the vicinity of Shimoda (Shizuoka prefecture, Japan). The arrangement of ovary and testis in this ascidian was the same as that in other species of the genus Botryllus, while the embryo developed in a brood pouch formed from the invagination of peribranchial epithelium, as in the other genus Botrylloides. The processes and features of the allorecognition reaction of this ascidian were observed. The reaction showed the same processes as that in the species of the genus Botrylloides. Therefore, this ascidian has both features of the two genera of the family Botryllidae, which strongly suggests the necessity of reconsidering on the classificatory criteria of botryllid ascidians.     

Seasonal occurrence of Dollfustrema vaneyi (Digenea: Bucephalidae) metacercariae in the bullhead catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco in a reservoir in China

The seasonal population dynamics of metacercariae of the bucephalid Dollfustrema vaneyi (Tseng, 1930) Echmann, 1934 in the bullhead catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) were investigated in Jiangkou reservoir, Jiangxi Province, east China, during the period from April 1990 to August 1991. In total, 523 fish were obtained, and the overall prevalence of the metacercariae was 89.87% and mean abundance 136.25 +/- 308.09 (mean +/- SD). A pattern of seasonal changes in prevalence and mean abundance was observed, with higher levels of metacercariae infection in late spring and summer. An analysis of the distribution of D. vaneyi in different organs of P. fulvidraco suggested that the eyes might be a suitable location for the parasite. Furthermore, the possible role of metacercariae in bullhead catfish was discussed in relation to the life cycle of this parasite.     

Complete genome sequence of Geodermatophilus obscurus type strain (G-20)

Geodermatophilus obscurus Luedemann 1968 is the type species of the genus, which is the type genus of the family Geodermatophilaceae. G. obscurus is of interest as it has frequently been isolated from stressful environments such as rock varnish in deserts, and as it exhibits interesting phenotypes such as lytic capability of yeast cell walls, UV-C resistance, strong production of extracellular functional amyloid (FuBA) and manganese oxidation. This is the first completed genome sequence of the family Geodermatophilaceae. The 5,322,497 bp long genome with its 5,161 protein-coding and 58 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.     

Actinodontum,a new genus of Desmidiaceae (Streptophyta,Viridiplantae) from tropical Africa

A new desmid genus, Actinodontum Alfinito et Coesel, is described from mountain areas of tropical Africa. The newly described genus differs from the allied genus Actinotaenium by the presence of marked teeth at the base of each semicell that alternate with those on the other semicell. Morphology of the type species, Actinodontum lomaense (Alfinito et Mazzoni) Alfinito et Coesel, is dealt with in much detail. Cosmarium basituberculoides Bourrelly et Couté and Cosmarium elgonense Kusel-Fetzmann are transferred to the new genus. The geographical distribution of the genus Actinodontum is discussed.