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1.
A computer algorithm is presented which equiprobably generates any member of the set of all directed trees withk labeled terminal nodes and unlabeled interior nodes. The algorithm requires roughlyk
2
/2 storage locations. The one-time initialization requiresO(k
2
) time, while generating each tree requiresO(k) time.
Contribution No. 477 in Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook. This research was supported by
Grant No. DEB8003508 from the National Science Foundation to Robert R. Sokal. 相似文献
2.
Nadine Summa Tanja Soldatovi Lutz Dahlenburg ivadin D. Bugari Rudi van Eldik 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》2007,12(4):461-475
A set of three oxaliplatin derivatives containing 1,2-trans-R,R-diaminocyclohexane (dach) as a spectator ligand and different chelating leaving groups X–Y, viz., [Pt(dach)(O,O-cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate)], or Pt(dach)(CBDCA), [Pt(dach)(N,O-glycine)]+, or Pt(dach)(gly), and [Pt(dach)(N,S-methionine)]+, or Pt(dach)(l-Met), where l-Met is l-methionine, were synthesized and the crystal structure of Pt(dach)(gly) was determined by X-ray diffraction. The effect of
the leaving group on the reactivity of the resulting Pt(II) complexes was studied for the nucleophiles thiourea, glutathione
(GSH) and l-Met under pseudo-first-order conditions as a function of nucleophile concentration and temperature, using UV–vis spectrophotometric
techniques. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to follow the substitution of the leaving group by guanosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP2−) under second-order conditions. The rate constants indicate for all reactions a direct substitution of the X–Y chelate by
the selected nucleophiles, thereby showing that the nature of the chelate, viz., O–O (CBDCA2−), N–O (glycine) or S–N (l-Met), respectively, plays an important role in the kinetic and mechanistic behavior of the Pt(II) complex. The k
1 values for the reaction with thiourea, l-Met, GSH and 5′-GMP2− were found to be as follows (103
k
1, 37.5 °C, M−1 s−1): Pt(dach)(CBDCA) 61 ± 2, 21.6 ± 0.1, 23 ± 1, 0.352 ± 0.002; Pt(dach)(gly) 82 ± 3, 6.2 ± 0.2, 37 ± 1, 1.77 ± 0.01; Pt(dach)(l-Met) (thiourea, GSH) 62 ± 2, 24 ± 1. The activation parameters for all reactions studied suggest an associative substitution
mechanism.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
3.
É. Tóth Fabienne Connac Lothar Helm Kofi Adzamli André E. Merbach 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》1998,3(6):606-613
The Gd(III) complex of 4-pentylbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxyl-di-l-aspartyl-lysine-derived DTPA, [GdL(H2O)]2–, binds to serum albumin in vivo, through hydrophobic interaction. A variable temperature 17O NMR, EPR, and Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation Dispersion (NMRD) study resulted in a water exchange rate of k
298
ex=4.2×106 s–1, and let us conclude that the GdL complex is identical to [Gd(DTPA)(H2O)]2– in respect to water exchange and electronic relaxation. The effect of albumin binding on the water exchange rate has been
directly evaluated by 17O NMR. Contrary to expectations, the water exchange rate on GdL does not decrease considerably when bound to bovine serum
albumin (BSA); the lowest limit can be given as k
ex, GdL-BSA=k
ex, GdL / 2. In the knowledge of the water exchange rate for the BSA-bound GdL complex, the analysis of its NMRD profile at 35 °C
yielded a rotational correlation time of 1.0 ns, one order of magnitude shorter than that of the whole protein. This value
is supported by the longitudinal 17O relaxation rates. This indicates a remarkable internal flexibility, probably due to the relatively large distance between
the protein- and metal-binding moieties of the ligand.
Received: 25 June 1998 / Accepted: 11 August 1998 相似文献
4.
Y. B. Ryu T. J. Ha M. J. Curtis-Long H. W. Ryu S. W. Gal 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(6):922-930
Five flavones displaying tyrosinase inhibitory activity were isolated from the stem barks of Morus lhou (S.) Koidz., a cultivated edible plant. The isolated compounds were identified as mormin (1), cyclomorusin (2), morusin (3), kuwanon C (4), and norartocarpetin (5). Mormin (1) was characterized as a new flavone possesing a 3-hydroxymethyl-2-butenyl at C-3. The inhibitory potencies of these flavonoids toward monophenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. The IC50 values of compounds 1–5 for monophenolase activity were determined to be 0.088, 0.092, 0.250, 0.135 mM, and 1.2 μM, respectively. Mormin (1), cyclomorusin (2), kuwanon C (4) and norartocarpetin (5) exhibited competitive inhibition characteristics. Interestingly norartocarpetin (5) showed a time–dependent inhibition against oxidation of l–tyrosine: it also operated under the enzyme isomerization model (k5 = 0.8424 min? 1, k6 = 0.0576 min? 1, = 1.354 μM). 相似文献
5.
Fengwu Bai Liping Wang Hanjing Huang Jianfeng Xu Jim Caesar Darin Ridgway Tingyue Gu Murray Moo-Young 《Biotechnology letters》2001,23(14):1109-1113
The O2 mass-transfer coefficient, k
L
a, decreased by 20% when the viscosity of a simulated broth increased from 1.38 × 10–3 to 3.43 × 10–3 Pa s in a split-cylinder airlift bioreactor with a broth volume of 41 l. When the paper pulp concentration was below 10 g l–1, k
L
a hardly changed. While at 30 g l–1, k
L
a decreased by 56%. C2O4
2– and Na+ were found to have some effect on the k
L
a value. 相似文献
6.
Michael Gütschow Markus Pietsch Andrea Themann Janine Fahrig Bärbel Schulze 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(4):341-347
A series of substituted 2,4,5-triphenylisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxides 9 was synthesized and investigated as inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). All compounds were found to inhibit HLE in a time-dependent manner and most of them exhibited kobs/[I] values > 300 M? 1s? 1. The most potent 3-oxosultam of this series was 9l (kobs/[I] = 2440 M? 1s? 1). Kinetic investigations performed with 9g and different substrate concentrations did not allow to clearly distinguish between a competitive or noncompetitive mode of inhibition. A more complex interaction is supported by the failure of a linear dependency of kobs values on the inhibitor concentration. 相似文献
7.
H. Zhang S. M. Reader X. Liu J. Z. Jia M. D. Gale K. M. Devos 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,103(4):518-525
Aegilops longissima Schw. et Musch. (2n= 2x=14, SlSl) and Aegilops sharonensis Eig. (2n=2x=14, SlSl) are diploid species belonging to the section Sitopsis in the tribe Triticeae and potential donors of useful genes for wheat breeding. A comparative genetic map was constructed
of the Ae. longissima genome, using RFLP probes with known location in wheat. A high degree of conserved colinearity was observed between the wild
diploid and basic wheat genome, represented by the D genome of cultivated wheat. Chromosomes 1Sl, 2Sl, 3Sl, 5Sl and 6Sl are colinear with wheat chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3D, 5D and 6D, respectively. The analysis confirmed that chromosomes 4Sl and 7Sl are translocated relative to wheat. The short arms and major part of the long arms are homoeologous to most of wheat chromosomes
4D and 7D respectively, but the region corresponding to the distal segment of 7D was translocated from 7SlL to the distal region of 4SlL. The map and RFLP markers were then used to analyse the genomes and added chromosomes in a set of ’Chinese Spring’ (CS)/Ae. longissima chromosome additions. The study confirmed the availability of disomic CS/Ae. longissima addition lines for chromosomes 1Sl, 2Sl, 3Sl, 4Sl and 5Sl. An as yet unpublished set of Ae. sharonensis chromosome addition lines were also available for analysis. Due to the gametocidal nature of Ae. sharonensis chromosomes 2Sl and 4Sl, additions 1Sl, 3Sl, 5Sl, 6Sl and 7Sl were produced in a (4D)4Sl background, and 2Sl and 4Sl in a euploid wheat background. The analysis also confirmed that the 4/7 translocation found in Ae. longissima was not present in Ae. sharonensis although the two wild relatives of wheat are considered to be closely related. The phenotypes of the Ae. sharonensis addition lines are described in an Appendix.
Received: 28 September 2000 / Accepted: 19 January 2001 相似文献
8.
Aims: Aim of the study was to develop a medium for optimal heparinase production with a strain of Aspergillus flavus (MTCC‐8654) by using a multidimensional statistical approach. Methods and Results: Statistical optimization of intracellular heparinase production by A. flavus, a new isolate, was investigated. Plackett–Burman design was used to evaluate the affect of medium constituents on heparinase yield. The experimental results showed that the production of heparinase was dependent upon heparin, the inducer; chitin, structurally similar to heparin and NH4NO3, the nitrogen source. A central composite design was applied to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation medium for the production of heparinase enzyme. The optimum fermentation medium consisted of (g l?1) Mannitol, 8·0; NH4NO3, 2·5; K2HPO4, 2·5; Na2HPO4, 2·5; MgSO4.7H2O, 0·5; Chitin, 17·1; Heparin, 0·6; trace salt solution (NaMoO4.2H2O, CoCl2.6H2O, CuSO4.5H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, CaCl2), 10?4 mol l?1. Conclusions: A 2·37‐fold increase in heparinase production was achieved in economic and effective manner by the application of statistical designs in medium optimization. Significance and Impact of the Study: Heparinase production was doubled by statistical optimization in a cost‐effective manner. This heparinase can find application in pharmaceutical industry and for the generation of low‐molecular‐weight heparins, active as antithrombotic and antitumour agents. 相似文献
9.
Khodayar Gholivand Ahlam Madani Alizadegan Azam Anaraki Firooz Khosro Khajeh Hossein Naderi-manesh Hamidreza Bijanzadeh 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(1):105-111
Carbacylamidophosphates with the general formula RC(O)NHP(O)R1R2 constitute organophosphorus compounds that are used as insecticides, pesticides and ureas inhibitors. In this work, we studied the inhibition potency of CCl3C(O)NHP(O)Cl21, CHCl2C(O)NHP(O)Cl22, CH2ClC(O)NHP(O)Cl23 and CF3C(O)NHP(O)Cl24, which are the major intermediates for carbacylamidophosphates synthesis towards human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (hAChe) activity using Ellman's modified kinetic method. Unexpectedly, it was observed that they were not only hydrolytically unstable but also inhibited hAChE in a similar manner to that produced by organophosphorus insecticides. Enzymatic data, bimolecular inhibition rate constants (ki) and IC50 values for inhibition of hAChE demonstrated that they are irreversible inhibitors and the inhibition potency of compound 2 (IC50 = 88 μM) was the greatest in comparison with compounds 1, 3 and 4. Also the electropositivity of the phosphorus atom and the hydrophobicity of the compounds demonstrated that these two factors play an additional effect and different role in the inhibitory activity of these compounds. Hydrolytic stability of the compounds was determined by 31P NMR monitoring of the loss of the parent molecules with D2O as a function of time. This study considers antiacetylcholinesterase activity according to the structural and the electronic aspects of compounds 1–4, according to IR, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectral data. 相似文献
10.
A steady-state method for kla determination has been presented using the Michaelis–Menten two-substrate kinetic equation for oxidation of glucose in the presence of the enzymes glucose oxidase and excess catalase. The conditions have been specified where spontaneous hydrolysis of lactone is sufficiently rapid, thus eliminating inhibitory action of lactone on the oxidation. In glucose oxidase-free batches, the kla values were determined using various modification of the dynamic method. The dynamic methods in which gas interchange was effected without interrupting aeration and agitation of the batch yielded erroneously lower kla values as compared to the results of steady-state methods if the measured kla value was higher than 0.03 s?1. The values yielded by the dynamic method in which the gas interchange was effected at the same time with turning on aeration and agitation of the batch agreed with values resulting from the steady-state method provided that the measured kla values were lower than 0.08?1 and the simultaneous interfacial transport of nitrogen and oxygen had been taken into account in the evaluation. At kla values higher than 0.08 ?1, this modification of the dynamic method also yielded lower kla values as compared with the outcome of the steady-state method. The experiments performed do not, however, allow one to decide unambiguously on the whether these lower kla values are due to failure of the adopted model to describe adequately the dynamic behavior of the system or whether they are true values differing from those yielded by the steady-state method on account of different physical properties of compared batches. 相似文献
11.
Background
Some distance methods are among the most commonly used methods for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from sequence data. The input to a distance method is a distance matrix, containing estimated pairwise distances between all pairs of taxa. Distance methods themselves are often fast, e.g., the famous and popular Neighbor Joining (NJ) algorithm reconstructs a phylogeny of n taxa in time O(n 3). Unfortunately, the fastest practical algorithms known for Computing the distance matrix, from n sequences of length l, takes time proportional to l·n 2. Since the sequence length typically is much larger than the number of taxa, the distance estimation is the bottleneck in phylogeny reconstruction. This bottleneck is especially apparent in reconstruction of large phylogenies or in applications where many trees have to be reconstructed, e.g., bootstrapping and genome wide applications. 相似文献12.
Hiroyasu Kumamoto Yoshiharu Matsubara Yoshitomi Iizuka Kozo Okamoto Katsumi Yokoi 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(9):2613-2618
An attempt was made to isolate the hypotensive substances from a hot water extract of kinkan. Eight flavonoid glycosides were isolated by repeated chromatography and by gel filtration after extracting with n-butanol and treating with lead subacetate. Their structures were established to be 6,8-di-C-glucosylapigenin (1), 3,6-di-C-glucosylacacetin (2), 2″-O-α-l-rhamnosyl-4′-O-methyl-vitexin (3), 2″-O-α-l-rhamnosyl-4′-O-methylisovitexin (4), 2″-O-α-l-rhamnosylvitexin (5), 2″-O-α-l-rhamnosylorientin (6), 2″-O-α-l-rhamnosyl-4′-O-methylorientin (7) and ponicilin (8) by UV. MS, 1-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and by sugar analysis. Each component was intravenously injected in SHR-SP (0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/100 g of body weight), 1, 2, 5 and 6 were found to lower the rat blood pressure.Among these compounds, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 were new flavone glycosides. 相似文献
13.
It has been shown both theoretically and experimentally that interphase nitrogen transport may have a significant influence on the rate of interphase oxygen transport, and thereby also on the value of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of oxygen, kla, determined in mechanically agitated bubble fermentors using the variants of dynamic method presented in the literature. The experiments were carried out in 1M KCI solution at five stirrer frequencies and two gas inlet levels. The gas interchanges were performed either without interrupting the aeration and agitation of the charge (A) or with the aeration and agitation of the charge turned on at the same time (B). The applied variants of the interchange were N2→ O2→, O2→ N2, N2→ air, air→ N2, O→ O2, and O→ air. In the two last variants the oxygen dissolved in the charge was removed by reacting with sulfite ions. The kla values calculated by allowing for the nitrogen transport for procedure A were approximately equal to the values obtained by disregarding the nitrogen transport, whereas those for procedure B were higher (up to 40%), than the values obtained disregarding the nitrogen transport. 相似文献
14.
Humayun Pervez Zahid Hussain Chohan Muhammad Ramzan Faiz-Ul-Hassan Nasim Khalid Mohammed Khan 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(2):437-446
A new series of 12 N4-substituted isatin-3-thiosemicarbazones 2a-l has been synthesized, characterized and screened for in vitro cytotoxic, phytotoxic and urease inhibitory effects. All the compounds proved to be active in the brine shrimp bioassay; 2a, 2b, 2d, 2f and 2h-l exhibited a high degree of cytotoxic activity (LD50 = 1.10 × 10? 5 M–3.10 × 10? 5 M). In urease-inhibition assay, compounds 2a, 2b, 2e, 2f, 2h-j and 2l proved to be potent inhibitors displaying relatively much greater inhibition of the enzyme with IC50 values ranging from 20.6 μM to 50.6 μM. Amongst these, 2a and 2f were found to be the most potent ones exhibiting pronounced inhibition with IC50 value 20.6 μM. All the synthetic compounds showed weak to moderate (10–40%) phytotoxicity at the highest tested concentration (500 μg/mL) indicating their usefulness as inhibitors of soil ureases. 相似文献
15.
The effect of three rootstocks on water use, canopy conductance and hydraulic parameters of apple trees and predicting canopy from hydraulic conductance 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16
This study investigated the effect of the dwarfing M9, semi‐dwarfing MM106 and local Hashabi rootstocks on the water use, canopy conductance (Gc) and hydraulic conductance (k) of apple orchards with the same scion, Golden Delicious. The average summer leaf area index (LAI) was 2·4, 2·7 and 1·7 for M9, MM106 and Hashabi, respectively. Irrigation in 1997 was less than water use until June, and excessive afterwards. In 1998, irrigation was doubled, and was excessive throughout the season. Sap flow (J) in June–August 1998 totalled 476, 682 and 606 mm (or 0·60, 0·86 and 0·76 of class A pan evaporation) for M9, MM106 and Hashabi, respectively. Maximum sap velocity in the three rootstocks (approximately 70 cm h?1) occurred in the outer 30–60% of the stem, and its decrease with depth was greater in M9 than in the other rootstocks. Midday Gc during both summers was least for M9, intermediate for Hashabi and greatest for MM106. The k value of M9 and MM106 for the soil to stem, stem to leaves and soil to leaves pathways were determined from daily courses of water potential of leaves, Ψl, stem, Ψstem and J. Specific k (ks, i.e. relative to stem sapwood area) did not significantly differ between the two rootstocks for soil to stem and soil to leaf pathways, but leaf specific k (kl) was greater for MM106 soil to stem (71% greater) and soil to leaf (63%) pathways, respectively. The inverse slopes of the relationships between midday canopy resistance (Rc) and vapour pressure deficit (D) for MM106 was 1·75 of that for M9, and the ratio of their Huber values, i.e. the ratio of sapwood to leaf area, was 1·6. These findings indicate that differences in water use are attributable to differences in kl, and not to differences in wood properties (ks). Application of a model relating Rc to orchard area specific k (kg) showed that the slope of the relationships between midday Rc and D for the 1998 data could be predicted using common values of ks (0·134 kg m?2 s?1 MPa?1) and midday Ψl (?1·34 MPa) for the three rootstocks. The implications of these findings, and the similarities in the differences between rootstocks of Gc, kl, kg and Huber values, are discussed with respect to rootstock water use and irrigation. 相似文献
16.
Humayun Pervez Mohammad S. Iqbal Muhammad Younas Tahir Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary Khalid Mohammed Khan 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(6):848-854
A series of 15 previously reported N4-substituted isatin-3-thiosemicarbazones 3a-o has been screened for cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal and urease inhibitory activities. Compounds 3b, 3e and 3n proved to be active in cytotoxicity assay; 3e exhibited a high degree of cytotoxic activity (LD50 = 1.10 × 10? 5 M). Compound 3h exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, whereas compounds 3a, 3k and 3l displayed significant antifungal activity against one or more fungal strains i.e. T. longifusus, A. flavus and M. canis. In human urease enzyme inhibition assay, compounds 3g, 3k and 3m proved to be the most potent inhibitors, exhibiting relatively pronounced inhibition of the enzyme. These compounds, being non-toxic, could be potential candidates for orally effective therapeutic agents to treat certain clinical conditions induced by bacterial ureases like H. pylori urease. This study presents the first example of inhibition of urease by isatin-thiosemicarbazones and as such provides a solid basis for further research on such compounds to develop more potent inhibitors. 相似文献
17.
Babita Aneja Mohammad Irfan Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan Amresh Prakash Umesh Yadava Constantin G. Daniliuc 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2016,31(5):834-852
Novel monocyclic β-lactam derivatives bearing aryl, phenyl and heterocyclic rings were synthesized as possible antibacterial agents. Cyclization of imines (3h, 3t) with phenylacetic acid in the presence of phosphoryl chloride and triethyl amine did not afford the expected β-lactams. Instead, highly substituted 1,3-oxazin-4-ones (4h, 4t) were isolated as the only product and confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis of 4t. The results of antibacterial activity showed that compound 4l exhibited considerable antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of 62.5?µg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cytotoxicity assay on Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line revealed non-cytotoxic behavior of compounds 4d, 4h, 4k and 4l up to 200?μg/mL conc. Molecular docking was performed for compound 4l with penicillin binding protein-5 to identify the nature of interactions. The results of both in silico and in vitro evaluation provide the basis for compound 4l to be carried as a potential lead molecule in the drug discovery pipeline against bacterial infections. 相似文献
18.
Using rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, the present study demonstrated that: (1) calcium (Ca) increased the range of copper (Cu) concentrations that O. mykiss avoided; (2) Ca conserved the maintenance of pre‐exposure swimming activity during inescapable acute (10 min) Cu exposure. Data showed that when presented with a choice of Cu‐contaminated water (ranging from 0 to 454 µg Cu l?1) and uncontaminated water in a choice tank, O. mykiss acclimated and tested at low Ca concentration (3 mg Ca l?1) avoided the 10 µg Cu l?1 only. By contrast, O. mykiss acclimated and tested at high Ca concentration (158 mg Ca l?1) avoided all the Cu concentrations ≥37 µg l?1. The Cu avoidance was connected with increased spontaneous swimming speed in the Cu‐contaminated water. When subjected to inescapable Cu exposure (35 µg Cu l?1), O. mykiss acclimated and tested at low Ca concentration reduced their spontaneous swimming speed, whereas no response was observed in O. mykiss acclimated and tested at high Ca concentration. Collectively, the data support the conclusion that in O. mykiss the behavioural responses to acute Cu exposure are Ca‐dependent. 相似文献
19.
Kinetics of kojic acid fermentation by Aspergillus flavus Link 44-1 using various sources of carbon [glucose, xylose, sucrose, starch, maltose, lactose or fructose] and nitrogen [NH4Cl, (NH4)2S2O8, (NH4)2NO3, yeast extract or peptone] were analyzed using models based on logistic and Luedeking–Piret equations. The highest kojic
acid production (39.90 g l−1) in submerged batch fermentation was obtained when 100 g l−1 glucose was used as a carbon source. Organic nitrogen sources such as peptone and yeast extract were favorable for kojic
acid production as compared to inorganic nitrogen sources. Yeast extract at 5 g l−1 was optimal. The optimal carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio for kojic acid fermentation was 93.3. In a resuspended cell system,
the rate of glucose conversion to kojic acid by cell-bound enzymes increased with increasing glucose concentration up to 70
g l−1, suggesting that the reaction followed the Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetic model. The value of K
m and V
max for the reaction was 18.47 g l−1 glucose and 0.154 g l−1 h−1, respectively. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 20–24.
Received 13 October 1999/ Accepted in revised form 02 April 2000 相似文献
20.
Hitoshi Obata Michiaki Tatsuno Tai Tokuyama Yasunori Nitta Masanosuke Takagi Keitaro Hiromi 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(5):1021-1023
The reduction of 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol by triose reductone was studied in a wide pH range (pH 2~11), using a stopped-flow apparatus. The apparent first-order rate constant, kapp, and the second-order rate constant, k, were obtained. The k-pH profile resembles that of l-ascorbic acid, though the rate of l-ascorbic acid is considerably larger than that of triose reductone. Determination of triose reductone by stopped-flow method is possible, even in the presence of various organic substances. 相似文献