低能离子注入对小麦种子发芽及幼苗生理生化的影响

采用能量为25keV的N 不同剂量(2×1016 N /cm2、4×1016 N /cm2、6×1016 N /cm2、8×1016 N /cm2、12×1016 N /cm2)注入新疆小麦种子,研究了N 离子束注入新疆春小麦种子后对小麦种子的发芽率、幼苗体内的丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的影响。实验结果表明:以2×1016 N /cm2 剂量处理小麦较合适,可提高小麦种子的活力,促进种子萌发和幼苗生长。2×1016 N /cm2、4×1016 N /cm2 剂量处理对新春2号、新春11号幼苗生长有利,在这两种剂量处理下新春2号三种保护酶较新春11号敏感。     

氮离子束注入对燕麦M1-M2代幼苗耐盐性的影响

采用能量为25keV的不同剂量(4×1016N /cm2、6×1016N /cm2、8×1016N /cm2、12×1016N /cm2)N 注入燕麦种胚,研究N 离子束注入后,盐胁迫对燕麦M1和M2代幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,脯氨酸含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。实验结果表明:对M1代,以6×1016N /cm2剂量处理燕麦较合适,能提高燕麦受盐胁迫影响后幼苗SOD活性和可溶性糖含量。而对M2代,4×1016N /cm2处理剂量能降低MDA含量,提高可溶性糖含量,这都有利于盐胁迫后燕麦幼苗的生长。     

链带藻源生物刺激剂提高小麦对盐胁迫的生理适应

盐胁迫是影响小麦萌发、生长和生产的最重要环境因素。探究链带藻（Desmodesmus Sp.）生物刺激剂对盐胁迫条件下小麦种子和早期幼苗抗盐、生长和生理的缓解效应以及最佳施用浓度,可为其应用于缓解小麦盐胁迫影响提供理论依据。【方法】通过室内培养皿培养法,将小麦种子置于100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,外源添加25,50,100,200 mg/L的链带藻提取物（DAE）,处理7 d后测量各项萌发和生长参数。【结果】外源添加DAE处理缓解了盐胁迫对小麦种子萌发和早期幼苗生长的抑制作用,提高了盐胁迫下小麦种子的萌发率和叶片含水量,促进了生物量的积累;提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性以及脯氨酸、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素的含量;降低了脂质过氧化作用,减少了丙二醛含量和膜透性。在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,25 mg/L DAE对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发及早期幼苗生长抑制作用的缓解效果最佳。【结论】链带藻细胞提取物通过促进小麦种子早期萌发的启动,提高小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节能力,增强小麦种子及早期幼苗对盐胁迫的适应性,提升了小麦的耐盐能力。     

钙离子对盐胁迫小麦幼苗氮代谢的影响

为探讨增强小麦抗盐能力的调控途径,以普通小麦豫麦34为材料,研究了Ca2+对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗氮代谢及生长的影响.采用全营养液培养小麦幼苗至第一片叶完全展开,更换无钙营养液,并开始不同处理.处理分别为低盐胁迫(150 mmol · L-1 NaCl)、低盐胁迫+4 mmol · L-1 Ca2+、高盐胁迫(300 mmol · L-1 NaCl)、高盐胁迫+4mmol · L-1 Ca2+,以无NaCl胁迫的小麦为对照.5 d后取样,测定了氮同化酶活性、代谢物含量、积累量及幼苗生长状况.结果表明,Ca2+明显缓解了低盐胁迫对小麦幼苗的生长抑制,表现在鲜重、叶绿素及可溶性蛋白含量的增加,而对高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长无明显改善效果;Ca2+改善了低盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的氮营养状况,表现在氮积累量的增加,这一效应主要是通过硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)以及异柠檬酸脱氢酶(NADP-ICDH)活性的增强而实现的.Ca2+未能改善高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗氮营养状况的主要限制因子在于NADP-ICDH活性未明显增加.     

盐旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响

为明确盐害、干旱及盐旱复合胁迫对小麦幼苗生长和水分吸收的影响,从而为盐害和干旱胁迫下栽培调控提供理论依据。以2个抗旱性不同的小麦品种(扬麦16和耐旱型洛旱7号)为材料,采用水培试验,以NaCl和PEG模拟盐旱复合胁迫,研究了盐旱复合胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、根系形态、光合特性及水分吸收特性的变化。结果表明,盐、旱及复合胁迫下小麦幼苗的生物量、叶面积、总根长与根系表面积、叶绿素荧光和净光合速率均显著下降,但是复合胁迫处理的降幅却显著低于单一胁迫。盐旱复合胁迫下根系水导速率和根系伤流液强度显著大于单一胁迫,从而提高了小麦幼苗叶片水势和相对含水量。盐胁迫下小麦幼苗Na~+/K~+显著大于复合胁迫,但复合胁迫下ABA含量却显著小于单一的盐害和干旱胁迫。因此,盐旱复合胁迫可以通过增强根系水分吸收及降低根叶中ABA含量以维持较高光合能力,这是盐旱复合胁迫提高小麦适应性的重要原因。洛旱7号和扬麦16对盐及盐旱复合胁迫的响应基本一致,但在干旱胁迫下洛旱7号表现出明显的耐性。     

丛枝菌根真菌对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以盐敏感型黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为材料,研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及叶片、根系中渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:(1)在盐胁迫条件下,黄瓜幼苗生长受到明显抑制,其株高、地上部、地下部干鲜重均明显减小,同时体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸和MDA含量,以及O2(÷)产生速率和SOD、POD、CAT活性均比对照显著升高.(2)盐胁迫下接种AMF可显著促进黄瓜植株的生长,进一步提高黄瓜幼苗体内可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量及SOD、POD、CAT活性,而显著降低MDA含量和O2(÷)产生速率.研究表明,AMF可通过显著促进盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内渗透调节物质积累和抗氧化酶活性提高,有效降低体内膜脂过氧化水平,从而缓解盐胁迫对植株的伤害,增强黄瓜幼苗对盐胁迫的耐性.     

不同盐胁迫下小麦叶片渗透性调节和叶绿素荧光特性

盐胁迫对植物伤害机理受到普遍关注。本试验以‘西旱3号’小麦幼苗为材料,通过比较钠盐(150 mmol·L^-1)、钙盐(5、30 mmol·L^-1)单独及其复合胁迫对叶片渗透调节和光合特性的影响,揭示不同盐胁迫对小麦的伤害机理。结果表明: 钠盐或钙盐单独胁迫显著抑制了小麦幼苗根、茎的生长,使叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量、调节性能量耗散电子产量、非光化学猝灭及玉米黄质相对含量均显著增加,而叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量、最大光化学效率、PSⅡ实际光化学效率、光化学猝灭及光合电子传递效率均显著下降。此外,钙盐对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用更强,钠盐处理下叶片叶绿素含量减少和叶绿素荧光参数降低更显著。除了可溶性蛋白、叶黄素和玉米黄质相对含量以外,低浓度钙盐有效缓解了钠盐诱导其他各指标的变化,而高浓度钙盐进一步增大了钠盐处理小麦幼苗各参数的变化幅度。总之,钠盐和钙盐显著抑制了小麦幼苗的生长,低浓度钙盐能有效缓解钠盐对小麦幼苗的伤害,而高浓度钙盐加剧了钠盐的毒害作用。这均与叶片光合色素含量、光能捕获及光合电子传递的改变有关。此外,渗透调节物质在增强钠盐或钙盐环境中小麦幼苗的抗性方面发挥着重要作用。     

氮离子束注入燕麦种子对M1-M2代幼苗生理生化指标的影响

采用能量为25keV的不同剂量(4×1016N /cm2、6×1016N /cm2、8×1016N /cm2、12×1016N /cm2)N 束注入燕麦种胚,研究了N 离子束注入后,燕麦M1代和M2代种子的发芽率,幼苗体内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量的影响。实验结果表明:以12×1016N /cm2剂量处理燕麦较合适,能提高燕麦M1和M2代种子的发芽率,幼苗POD、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白含量,有利于幼苗生长。     

镧浸种对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及其生理特征的影响

通过水培方式研究了0、25、50和100 mg/L硝酸镧浸种对盐胁迫条件下小麦品种临抗11和临优2069根系及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,盐胁迫处理小麦幼苗植株矮,根系短,叶片叶绿素含量、根系活性吸收面积以及SOD和CAT活性明显降低,叶片MDA与Pro含量水平显著上升;在钠离子浓度相同的情况下,Na2CO3对小麦生长的影响大于NaCl.(2)适当浓度硝酸镧浸种处理增加了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的株高、总根长、根系活性吸收面积及SOD和CAT活性,且各指标在盐胁迫下增加幅度高于正常水分处理.(3)2个小麦品种对镧处理的敏感程度存在差异,不同小麦品种及不同盐胁迫下最适的镧浸种浓度不同.研究发现,适当浓度镧浸种能有效缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗的伤害,具有显著促进小麦根系生长、培育壮苗的作用.     

水杨酸对锌胁迫下小麦幼苗生长抑制的缓解效应

以小麦品种‘新麦18’为材料,采用室内水培实验研究了不同浓度水杨酸(SA)处理对300 mg.L-1锌胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在Zn2+胁迫下,小麦种子的发芽势和发芽率、幼苗根长、芽长以及幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量、根系活力显著降低,而脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加(P<0.05);外施SA显著提高了Zn2+胁迫下小麦种子的发芽势和发芽率,同时也使Zn2+胁迫7 d后的小麦幼苗的根长、芽长,幼苗叶片的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量以及根系活力显著升高,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量却显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,外施SA可通过提高小麦幼苗根长和芽长来增加幼苗根系活力,通过提高小麦幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量来维持细胞膜的稳定性,降低膜脂过氧化伤害程度,从而缓解了Zn2+胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制,并以14 mg.L-1外源水杨酸缓解效果最好。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.