烧伤大鼠常规营养物质代谢的变化

选取体重为200g左右的健康雄性普通级Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为烧伤组和对照组,分别单饲于大鼠代谢笼中,研究烧伤大鼠常规营养物质代谢的变化情况。实验结果表明烧伤不同程度地降低(P＜0.01或0.05)大鼠的采食量、排粪量、排尿量以及粪中蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙、磷的含量,而提高(P＜0.01或0.05)饲料中蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙、磷的消化率以及尿中氮的含量,烧伤后最初3天这种变化更为明显,体现了大鼠在烧伤应激状态下的代谢补偿作用和烧伤后的高分解代谢反应。     

10CM短柱快速分离3-MH的实验研究

本研究在改进后短程序基础上,对氨基酸分离柱进行了改进。改进后的分离柱长为10cm。比原来20cm长柱分离3—MH的时间缩短了近1/2。实验所得的(回收率为97.59%,分离度0.89±0.02。变异系数1.17)这些指标较国外用其它方法所得的结果有良好的相关性。多次测定结果说明长柱与短柱比较无明显差异。证明了短柱对3—MH含量无影响。这一改进所建立的方法大大地缩短了样品的分析时间,节约了大量进口试剂,开展这方面的工作将有利益提高严重烧伤、创伤后蛋白质代谢和营养学等方面的研究水平。     

高压氧治疗对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

本研究通过观察高压氧治疗对2型糖尿病Goto-Kakizaki(GK)大鼠肾脏组织结构、细胞凋亡和基质金属蛋白酶表达的影响,探讨高压氧对糖尿病肾脏的保护作用及机制。选用Wistar大鼠8只作为正常对照组(n=8),2型糖尿病GK大鼠24只,随机分为模型组(n=8)、二甲双胍对照组(MH组,n=8)、高压氧组(HBO组,n=8),正常对照组和模型组每天按5 mL/kg灌服纯净水;MH组每天按250 mg/kg二甲双胍混悬液灌胃;HBO组每天5 mL/kg灌服纯净水,并给予0.15 MPa压力纯氧,稳压30min。大鼠分别处理三周后测体重,尾部采血测空腹血糖,取肾脏并测肾质量。将肾脏制成石蜡切片并进行HE、PAS和Masson染色,用光学显微镜观察各组大鼠肾脏组织病理变化;用TUNEL法检测肾脏细胞凋亡并计算各组肾脏细胞凋亡指数;用免疫组化法对肾脏进行Caspase-3、MMP-2、TIMP-2标记,并测量阳性细胞积分光密度;ELISA方法检测各组大鼠血浆TGF-β1浓度。结果显示模型组大鼠肾小球体积增大,细胞外基质增生(系膜基质增宽、基底膜增厚),肾小管上皮细胞水肿,HBO组较模型组病变较轻;经高压氧治疗过的HBO组大鼠的肾脏细胞凋亡指数和Caspase-3表达均与正常对照组和MH组无显著性差异(P0.05),而较模型组有显著降低(P0.01)。MMP-2、TIMP-2在正常对照组表达最强,MH、模型组表达最弱,HBO组介于中间,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。HBO、MH、模型组血浆TGF-β1浓度较正常对照组都有升高趋势,但各组大鼠血浆TGF-β1浓度差异无统计学上的显著性(P0.05)。实验结果表明高压氧治疗可抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏细胞的凋亡增加,调节MMP-2及其抑制剂的活性,减少细胞外基质的积聚,从而保护肾脏,有利于防治糖尿病肾病的发生和发展。     

饥饿和再投喂对草鱼鱼种生物化学组成的影响

分析了饥饿１５天和再投喂２１天的草鱼鱼种肝脏和肌肉生物化学组成的变化，结果表明：（１）饥饿降低白肌ＲＮＡ／ＤＮＡ比值，蛋白质含量和肝脏ＲＮＡ／ＤＮＡ比值，使肝脏蛋白质含量升高，再投喂后，肝脏ＲＮＡ／ＤＮＡ比值，蛋白质含量和白蛋白质含量均恢复至正常投喂组水平，白肌ＲＮＡ／ＤＮＡ比值升高并显著高于正常投喂组水平；（２）饥饿状态下，肝脏和肌肉的脂类含量降低，水含量升高，再投喂后，肝脏和肌肉的脂类含量升高     

烧伤患者肠道内与尿中免疫球蛋白A含量变化关系初步研究

为了解烧伤患者肠道内与尿中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量变化关系 ,采用ELISA方法测定了大面积烧伤患者尿和大便标本中IgA的含量。结果表明 ,烧伤后肠道内IgA含量明显减少 ,于伤后第三周达到最低点 ,而后回升。尿中IgA水平在伤后的变化与肠道相反 ,于伤后第一周即明显升高并达到高峰 ,而后逐渐降低 ,至伤后第四周已接近对照水平 ,两组均数呈负相关 (r=-0 .763 )。提示烧伤后肠道与尿中IgA含量的变化可能存在一定的关系 ,由于尿标本的留取方便、及时 ,测定尿中的IgA含量对于临床判断烧伤患者肠道屏障功能有一定的意义     

外源性精胺对缺氧诱导乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的：观察外源性精胺对缺氧所致的乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其机制。方法：复制原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧损伤模型（使用pH=6.8的Hank's平衡盐溶液作为细胞培养基,排出氧气,然后在缺氧箱中培养24 h）,细胞随机分为正常对照（Control）组、缺氧（Hypoxia）组和精胺干预（Hypoxia+Sp）组。Western blot检测心肌细胞多胺代谢关键酶（ODC、SSAT）蛋白质表达;CCK-8,Hoechst 33342染色观察细胞凋亡情况;光吸收法检测细胞（或培养液）内T-SOD和Caspase-3/-9活性,MDA、GSH含量;DCFH-DA染色观察细胞内活性氧（ROS）生成。结果：与正常组相比,Hypoxia组SSAT蛋白质表达、细胞凋亡率、MDA含量以及细胞内ROS生成增加,而ODC蛋白质表达、SOD活性、GSH含量降低;与Hypoxia组比较,Sp处理可减轻上述指标的变化。结论：外源性精胺可减轻缺氧引起的乳鼠心肌细胞损伤和凋亡,其机制与恢复多胺稳态和清除活性氧有关。     

老年低肌肉含量人群肾功能及肠道菌群变化

目的分析肾功能指标水平及肠道菌群分布对老年人群肌肉含量降低的影响,以期为提高老年人群肌肉含量提供新的思路。方法选取2017年6月至2019年6月于我院行生物电阻抗(BIA)检测的452例老年人为研究对象,根据BIA检测结果分别将男性和女性中BIA水平较低的前25%的对象作为低肌肉含量组(观察组),另外75%的对象作为肌肉含量正常组(对照组),采用全自动生化分析仪测定各组受试者尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(UACR)及肾小球滤过率(eGFR),采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)法检测粪便标本中菌群数量。结果观察组对象eGFR水平低于对照组(男性:t=6.543,P0.001;女性:t=5.700,P0.001)、UACR高于对照组(男性:t=5.543,P0.001;女性:t=4.995,P0.001)。观察组中男性受试者肠道普拉梭菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、梭菌属Ⅰ族数量低于对照组(t=8.952、12.971、10.142、26.072,均P0.001)。观察组中女性受试者肠道普拉梭菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量低于对照组(t=11.040、11.570、10.840,均P0.001),而梭菌属Ⅰ族数量高于对照组(t=31.941,P0.001)。结论老年人群肾功能受损及肠道菌群数量改变可能造成营养不良而导致肌肉含量降低。     

尿中微量白蛋白的测定及应用

应用免疫浊度法在自动分析仪上测定了尿中微量白蛋白.对140名健康人一次尿样品测定后求出排出率的参考范围(可信区间95%),上限为2.83g/mol肌酐.此法结合尿中N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)测定应用于糖尿病和高血压患者以检测早期肾损伤.结果表明此法能灵敏地检出早期的尿中白蛋白漏出,对肾损伤早期诊断比传统的尿蛋白试验更为可靠.尿中溶酶体酶(如NAG)对肾小管损伤是更特异和灵敏的标志物.联合应用尿中微量白蛋白和酶的测定可进一步提高检出率,获得更有价值的信息.同时用血清Ⅳ型胶原测定对糖尿病人作了观察,结果糖尿病人血清Ⅳ型胶原均值也明显高于健康人对照组.这一指征反映了肾单位基底膜胶原蛋白的合成动态.     

大鼠严重烧伤后心肌细胞GRP94表达变化及其意义

目的观察严重烧伤大鼠心肌细胞内质网应激蛋白表达的改变及其意义,以探讨严重烧伤后心肌损伤与内质网应激的关系。方法建立大鼠30％Ⅲ度烫伤模型,酶联免疫法检测血浆中心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）含量,放射免疫法检测血浆中TNFα的含量,RT-PCR和免疫组化分析GRP94的表达。结果烧伤组大鼠伤后3h血浆中cTnT含量即呈显著升高（P〈0．01）,心肌中GRP94 mRNA和蛋白表达于烧伤后3h显著性升高,12h达峰值,24h还呈显著升高;大鼠烧伤后3h心肌中Caspase-3活性开始升高,12h达高峰,48h后仍显著高于对照组。牛磺酸治疗组GRP94的表达和Caspase-3活性较烧伤组均有显著性降低（P〈0．05）。结论严重烧伤可引起心肌细胞内质网应激,牛磺酸对烧伤后早期心肌损害有保护作用。     

核桃肽提高SAMP8小鼠生存质量和寿命的研究

目的：评估核桃肽对衰老和老龄小鼠生存质量和寿命的改善作用。方法：取60只SAMP8小鼠随机分为4组,包括模型对照组和低、中、高剂量3个核桃肽干预组,另设SAMR1小鼠作为正常对照组。通过摄食量、饮水量、体重的变化,以及体脂含量、代谢率、脏器指数,评估其生存质量的改善;通过衰老评分表征其衰老特征和程度;通过寿命分析,表征核桃肽对SAM小鼠寿命的影响。结果：模型对照组小鼠体重、肌肉率均低于正常对照组和各剂量干预组,低剂量干预组腓肠肌质量、呼吸商和代谢率均显著高于模型对照组（P<0.05）。低剂量组生存率和寿命大于模型对照组。结论：低剂量核桃肽缓解SAMP8小鼠衰老、提高生存质量、延长其寿命的效果较明显。本研究对核桃肽延缓衰老的深入研究提供了科学依据。     

Negative chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to quantify urinary 3-methylhistidine: application to burn injury

A rapid method for measuring 3-methylhistidine (3MH) in rat and human urine with higher sensitivity and precision than any previously reported method is described using internal standard [1-(13)C]3MH (M+1) and negative chemical ionization (NCI) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Internal standard [1-(13)C]3MH (M+1) was added to rat and human urine samples, hydrolyzed, and absorbed onto cation exchange columns. The column eluent was dried and derivatized for GC/MS analysis. Quantification of 3MH levels was accomplished by monitoring the m/z 204 fragment. The m/z 204 fragment was chosen due to the fragment's abundance and stability as determined by analysis of [methyl-(2)H(3), (18)O(2)]3MH (M+7) and [methyl-(13)C]3MH (M+1) fragmentation patterns under NCI conditions. This method shows excellent linearity (0.9989) over the range studied (0-0.5 mol), high recovery (95.9%), and low coefficient of variation (4.7%). The described method is sensitive enough to detect 6.8 pmol amount of urinary 3MH with a precision of 9.1%. The in vivo utility of this method to quantify urinary 3MH was tested in a burn injury rat model and on urine specimens from pediatric burn patients. Data obtained from the urine of burn-injured rats and pediatric burn patients match previously reported trends and validate the in vivo utility of this method.     

Ubiquinone Analogs: A Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore-Dependent Pathway to Selective Cell Death

Background

Prolonged opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) leads to cell death. Various ubiquinone analogs have been shown to regulate PTP opening but the outcome of PTP regulation by ubiquinone analogs on cell fate has not been studied yet.

Methodology/Principal Findings

The effects of ubiquinone 0 (Ub₀), ubiquinone 5 (Ub₅), ubiquinone 10 (Ub₁₀) and decyl-ubiquinone (DUb) were studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, cultured rat liver Clone-9 cells and cancerous rat liver MH1C1 cells. PTP regulation by ubiquinones differed significantly in permeabilized Clone-9 and MH1C1 cells from that previously reported in liver mitochondria. Ub₀ inhibited PTP opening in isolated hepatocytes and Clone-9 cells, whereas it induced PTP opening in MH1C1 cells. Ub₅ did not affect PTP opening in isolated hepatocytes and MH1C1 cells, but it induced PTP opening in Clone-9 cells. Ub₁₀ regulated PTP in isolated hepatocytes, whereas it did not affect PTP opening in Clone-9 and MH1C1 cells. Only DUb displayed the same effect on PTP regulation in the three hepatocyte lines tested. Despite such modifications in PTP regulation, competition between ubiquinones still occurred in Clone-9 and MH1C1 cells. As expected, Ub₅ induced a PTP-dependent cell death in Clone-9, while it did not affect MH1C1 cell viability. Ub₀ induced a PTP-dependent cell death in MH1C1 cells, but was also slightly cytotoxic in Clone-9 by an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism.

Conclusions/Significance

We found that various ubiquinone analogs regulate PTP in different ways depending on the cell studied. We took advantage of this unique property to develop a PTP opening-targeted strategy that leads to cell death specifically in cells where the ubiquinone analog used induces PTP opening, while sparing the cells in which it does not induce PTP opening.     

Zinc Finger-like Motif Conserved in a Family of RNA Binding Proteins

NP220s compose a family of RNA binding proteins together with matrin 3, one of major proteins of the nuclear matrix. They have repeats of RNA recognition motif (RRM; MH2) homologous to RRM in heterogeneous nuclear RNPs I/L in addition to MH1 and MH3 with unknown function. In search of additional homologous sequences, we found the reported sequence of rat matrin 3 is partially incorrect. Correction of this sequence showed that the NP220 family has a fourth homologous motif with the characteristics of a Cys₂-His₂ zinc finger-like motif. The sequence of this motif is perfectly conserved in human and mouse NP220s despite their 75% overall sequence homology.     

3H]ryanodine as a probe of changes in the functional state of the Ca(2+)-release channel in malignant hyperthermia.

The defect in malignant hyperthermia (MH) alters the binding of [3H]ryanodine to the Ca(2+)-release channel by increasing its apparent affinity for the binding site. In sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes from both normal and mutant pigs the apparent Kd is dependent on a number of parameters. Adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-methylene)triphosphate, ionic strength, and Ca2+ each increase the apparent affinity of the binding site for [3H]ryanodine. Equilibrium and kinetic evaluation of the binding of [3H]ryanodine to these membranes demonstrates that the MH defect in pigs increases the apparent affinity of the membranes for [3H]ryanodine by increasing the amount of high affinity relative to low affinity binding sites. Both the association and dissociation of [3H]ryanodine with all three types of membranes (normal, heterozygous MH, homozygous MH) are characterized by two or more components, with the relative ratios of these components altered by the MH defect. These findings suggest that the observed Kd is the weighted average of the binding of ryanodine to two or more interconvertible states of the channel. Dilution of [3H]ryanodine bound to normal membranes at high Ca2+ into low Ca2+ solutions enhances the rate of dissociation. This conversion occurs to a much lesser extent with MH membranes, suggesting that the MH defect may alter the rate at which the high affinity form of the protein converts to the low affinity form.     

Using of metal-affinity chromatography for identification of alkylated rat globin

Rat globin peptides alkylated by sulfur mustard on amino-acid residues C-126, C-93 and E-27 with MH+ 1444.62 Da, 1561.66 Da, 1676.78 Da, respectively, were concentrated using metal-affinity chromatography on Cu2+. The peptides were received by trypic digestion after in vitro incubation of rat globin with 60 microM HD. Aklylated peptide with MH+ 1444.62 Da is the most sensitive biomarker, which can be concentrated from globin trypic digest, incubated with 3 microM sulfur mustard.     

DNA polymerase alpha from normal rat liver is different than DNA polymerases alpha from Morris hepatoma strains

To investigate whether DNA replication in rat hepatoma cells is altered compared with that in normal rat liver, the main replicative enzyme, i.e. the DNA polymerase alpha complex, was partially purified from a slow-growing (TC5123) and a fast-growing (MH3924) Morris hepatoma cell strain as well as from normal rat liver. The purified DNA polymerase alpha complexes contained RNA primase. DNA polymerase alpha activities of these complexes were characterized with regard to both their molecular properties and their dNTP and DNA binding sites. The latter were probed with competitive inhibitors of dNTP binding, resulting in Ki values, and with DNA templates, yielding Km values. The sedimentation coefficients of native DNA polymerases alpha from Morris hepatoma cells were found to be lower than that of polymerase alpha from normal rat liver. Consequently, when following the procedure of Siegel and Monty for determination of molecular mass considerably smaller molecular masses were calculated for polymerases of hepatoma strains (TC5123, 127 kDa; MH3924, 138 kDa; rat liver, 168 kDa). Similar differences were found when the dNTP binding site was probed with inhibitors. Ki values obtained with butylphenyl-dGTP were higher for polymerases of the hepatoma strains than for that of normal rat liver. However, Ki values measured with aphidicolin and butylanilino-dATP were lower for DNA polymerase alpha from the fast-growing hepatoma cell strain than for that from normal rat liver, indicating a reduced affinity of the dNTP binding sites for dATP and dCTP. This reduced affinity could be responsible for lowered specificity of nucleotide selection in the base-pairing process which in turn may cause an enhanced error rate in DNA replication in malignant cells. Furthermore, when the DNA binding site was characterized by Michaelis-Menten constants using gapped DNA as a template, Km values were similar for all three DNA polymerases. In contrast, the Km value measured with single-stranded DNA as a template was found to be lower for DNA polymerase alpha from the fast-growing hepatoma MH3924 than for that from normal rat liver. Thus, the DNA-polymerizing complex from MH3924 combines both higher binding strength to single-stranded DNA templates and decreased nucleotide selection, properties which may enhance replication velocity and may lower fidelity.     

Is There a Link between Exertional Heat Stroke and Susceptibility to Malignant Hyperthermia?

Objective

The identification of a predisposition toward malignant hyperthermia (MH) as a risk factor for exertional heat stroke (EHS) remains a matter of debate. Such a predisposition indicates a causal role for MH susceptibility (MHS) after EHS in certain national recommendations and has led to the use of an in vitro contracture test (IVCT) to identify the MHS trait in selected or unselected EHS patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether the MHS trait is associated with EHS.

Methods

EHS subjects in the French Armed Forces were routinely examined for MHS after experiencing an EHS episode. This retrospective study compared the features of IVCT-diagnosed MHS (iMHS) EHS subjects with those of MH-normal EHS patients and MH patients during the 2004–2010 period. MHS status was assessed using the European protocol.

Results

During the study period, 466 subjects (median age 25 years; 31 women) underwent MHS status investigation following an EHS episode. None of the subjects reported previous MH events. An IVCT was performed in 454 cases and was diagnostic of MHS in 45.6% of the study population, of MH susceptibility to halothane in 18.5%, of MH susceptibility to caffeine in 9.9%, and of MH susceptibility to halothane and caffeine in 17.2%. There were no differences in the clinical features, biological features or outcomes of iMHS EHS subjects compared with those of MH-normal or caffeine or halothane MHS subjects without known prior EHS episode. The recurrence rate was 12.7% and was not associated with MH status or any clinical or biological features. iMHS EHS patients exhibited a significantly less informative IVCT response than MH patients.

Conclusions

The unexpected high prevalence of the MHS trait after EHS suggested a latent disturbance of calcium homeostasis that accounted for the positive IVCT results. This study did not determine whether EHS patients have an increased risk of MH, and it could not determine whether MH susceptibility is a risk factor for EHS.