nutR中的突变对λ噬菌体早期转录抗终止作用的影响

将λＤＮＡ的ｎｕｔＲ序列位置于Ｌａｃ启动子的下游,在ｎｕｔＲ和β－半乳糖苷酶基因（ｇａｌＫ）之间插入λ噬菌体依赖ｒｈｏ的终止子ｔＲｌ,使ｇａｌＫ的表达取决于Ｎ蛋白介导的突变（Ａ－Ｃ,Ｇ－Ｔ,Ｃ－Ａ,Ｃ－Ａ及Ｔ－Ｇ）,结果表明ｂｏｘＡ中有两个碱基（位置２和５）的突变对抗终止作用是至关重要的,使抗终止效率降低了１０倍;而其他位置的改变影响甚微,ｂｏｘＡ的缺失在ｎｕｓ＾＋宿主中使抗终止数率降低了４０％,     

用彗星实验技术分析MTX对小鼠细胞DNA的损伤作用

MTX是一种抗叶酸药物 ,作用于增殖细胞 ,为了解其作用机制和探测其遗传毒性靶器官 ,以小鼠为研究对象 ,用彗星实验技术检测了MTX腹腔注射染毒后对脾、骨髓、胸腺、和外周血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤作用及其与MTX剂量间的相关。 1.2 5～ 5mg/kgMTX可诱发小鼠体内 4种细胞的DNA单链断裂 ,核DNA损伤程度与用药剂量呈正相关。不同种类细胞对MTX的易感性不同 ,脾、骨髓、胸腺、外周血淋巴细胞可能是MTX的遗传毒性靶细胞。外周血淋巴细胞在SCGE分析中的拖尾现象可作为用药后组织器官对药物敏感性反映的生物标志     

nut R 中的突变对λ噬菌体早期转录抗终止作用的影响

将λDNA的nutR序列置于Lac启动子的下游,在nut R和β-半乳糖苷酶基因(gal K)之间插入λ噬菌体依赖rho的终止子tR1,使ga1 K的表达取决于N蛋白介导的转录抗终止作用。为研究nutR对抗终止的影响,系统地进行了该序列中每个碱基的点突变(A→C,G→T,C→A及T→G)。结果表明boxA中有两个碱基(位置2和5)的突变对抗终止作用是至关重要的,使抗终止效率降低了10倍;而其他位置的改变影响甚微。boxA的缺失在nus~ 宿主中使抗终止效率降低了40％,但在nusB宿主中却恢复到野生型水平。boxB茎环结构中,茎部顶端的碱基对及环中邻近基部的两个碱基的突变对抗终止作用影响很大,被认为是N蛋白的识别序列。boxA和boxB之间的间隔序列中有两个碱基的突变几乎使抗终止作用丧失。     

铅、铬胁迫对大弹涂鱼血细胞遗传损伤的彗星实验检测

通过彗星实验研究重金属Pb、Cr对大弹涂鱼的外周血细胞的影响。用不同浓度的Pb、Cr对大弹涂鱼外周血细胞进行1 h的染毒后通过单细胞凝聚电泳检测DNA损伤情况。结果表明国标浓度的Pb（0.005 mg/L）、Cr（0.05 mg/L）对大弹涂鱼外周血细胞均无明显影响;而国标10倍、100倍和1000倍浓度的Pb或Cr胁迫均会造成血细胞DNA损伤,且离子浓度与血细胞DNA的损伤程度间均存在＂剂量-效应＂,即浓度越高,DNA损伤越严重。因此大弹涂鱼血细胞可作为评价重金属遗传损伤毒性效应的敏感性生物标志物。     

用微核试验研究小枣的抗突变作用

目的:应用微核试验(Micronucleus test,MCNT)技术研究小枣汁对环磷酰胺(CP)的抗突变作用的影响.方法:使用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术进行微核率检测.结果:结果表明,不同浓度的小枣汁对环磷酰胺诱发的蚕豆根尖细胞微核有明显的抑制作用,1号-阳性和阴性对照试验组的微核率分别为52‰、30‰、26‰、16‰、10‰、9‰、70‰、7‰,小枣汁使CP诱发的微核率从52.0±5.3‰降低至9.7±2.5(P<0.001).结论:说明小枣汁对CP诱发的遗传损伤具有明显的修复、保护以及抗突变作用.     

新疆杏仁抗突变作用的实验研究

目的:应用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)微核检测试验以探讨杏仁抗突变作用。方法:采用小鼠嗜多染红细胞和有核细胞-微核率(MCN‰)检测法,研究它潜在的抗突变性。结果:该结果能表明杏仁对两种阳性对照组分别诱发的较高微核率有明显降低作用,而且特殊环境下嗜多染红细胞比有核细胞具有较高的敏感性,差异均为非常显著(P<0.001)。结论:杏仁有抗突变,保护染色体损伤,促进DNA修复作用。此项研究抗突变性食物开发和医疗保健中具有重要实际意义。     

乙型肝炎导向干扰素抗乙型肝炎病毒作用的体外实验研究

为提高ＩＦＮ抗ＨＢＶ疗效,实现感染细胞水平上的抗病毒性肝炎导向治疗,我们将抗ＨＢｓＡｇ单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）的Ｆ（ａｂ＇）２片段与ＩＦＮ文联,所得交联体称为乙型肝炎导向干扰素（Ｔ－ＩＦＮ）。应用ＨＢＶＤＮＡ转染细胞系（２,２,１５细胞）作模型,对Ｔ－ＩＦＮ进行了体外抗ＨＢＶ实验：通过检测细胞上清液ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ水平的变化,结合细胞存活率来评价其抗ＨＢＶ活性,并与游离ＩＦＮ和ＭｃＡｂ以及二者的混合法（Ｍｉｘ）进行比较。结果显示,经１２天作用,Ｔ－ＩＦＮ在细胞存活率、对ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ抑制率及时ＨＢＶＤＮＡ抑制作用等方面均优于游离崳桑疲巍ⅲ停悖粒夂停停椋裕椋疲魏鲜逝ǘ任保担埃啊常埃埃埃桑眨恚欤谡庖慌ǘ认拢赴婊盥省荩罚梗叮ィ龋拢螅粒缫种坡剩担罚场叮罚叮ィ龋拢澹粒缫种坡剩矗埃薄担保玻ィ危模猎冢保妫缢揭韵拢欢嘤εǘ鹊模桑疲巍ⅲ停悖粒夂停停椋模危猎冢欤穑缢揭陨希龋拢螅粒绾停龋拢澹粒缫种坡示陀冢裕桑疲巍Ｌ崾荆砸唬桑疲慰赡茉诓《荆危模粮粗啤⒉《镜鞍缀铣杀泶锏榷嘞罨方谏戏⒒右种谱饔谩＃裕桑疲慰梗龋幔中Ч庞冢桑疲巍     

肺炎支原体突变敏感性分子开关检测对抗菌药物敏感性检测的作用研究

目的分析肺炎支原体突变敏感性分子开关检测对抗菌药物敏感性检测的价值。方法选择2015年1月至2016年2月在河北省儿童医院呼吸科住院收治的450例社区获得性肺炎患儿的肺泡灌洗液标本,进行MP培养与药敏分析,抗菌药物选择红霉素与阿奇霉素,对MP培养阳性菌株使用分子开关技术检测23SrRNA V区2063/2064基因的突变情况,并进行测序分析,最后明确分子开关检测MP耐药基因与其对抗菌药物敏感性的相关性。结果在450例患儿中,MP检测阳性80例,阳性率为17.8%。在80株MP中,72株对红霉素耐药,耐药率为90.0%;31株对阿奇霉素耐药,耐药率为38.8%,为此MP对于红霉素的耐药率明显高于阿奇霉素(χ2=9.134,P=0.000)。76株MP株的23SrRNA的2063/2064位发生了基因突变,其中有70株检测出A2063G的突变,6株有A2064G的突变。而在76株23S rRNA 2063/2064基因位点突变的MP中,有72株MP对红霉素产生高水平耐药,并对阿奇霉素发生交叉耐药,未发生突变的4株MP均对红霉素与阿奇霉素敏感。结论肺炎支原体对红霉素与阿奇霉素都有高度的耐药性,分子开关检测可识别23SrRNA V区基因2063/2064位点突变,有利于反映MP对红霉素与阿奇霉素的敏感性,具有很好的检测价值。     

人细胞毒性T淋巴细胞TALL-104抗癌细胞活性的检测

检测人细胞毒性T淋巴细胞TALL-104对癌细胞的杀伤活性以及此杀伤活性对白细胞介素-2的依赖性,动态观察其体外增殖能力.用台盼兰拒染法计算细胞扩增倍数;用MTT法检测细胞毒杀伤活性,实时观察细胞的杀伤过程.结果表明, 在200 IU/ml IL-2刺激下,TALL-104细胞增殖能力较强;在效靶比5∶ 1,作用时间为24 h,TALL-104细胞表现出对癌细胞MCF-7和A-431较高的杀伤率分别为50.4%和69.5%;当作用时间在72 h以内,效靶比不高于10∶ 1时,杀伤率随作用时间和效靶比的增加而明显升高(P<0.05);最大杀伤率分别为79.8%(MCF-7细胞)和90.4%(A431细胞).因此,TALL-104细胞体外增殖能力较强,其细胞毒活性不严格依赖于IL-2的存在.     

粗根荨麻水提取物的抗炎、镇痛作用实验研究

采用角叉菜胶大鼠致炎模型,醋酸扭体法、福尔马林致痛试验对粗根荨麻水提取物的抗炎、镇痛作用进行了研究。结果显示粗根荨麻水提取物可抑制角又菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀;并能明显抑制醋酸所致的小鼠扭体数,显著减少福尔马林致痛试验后期小鼠舔足行为。表明粗根荨麻水提取物具有一定的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

应用改良彗星试验检测杀虫剂对小鼠细胞DNA的损伤

目的：检测杀虫剂（杀灭菊酯乳油）是否对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA有损伤。方法：应用改良彗星试验（单细胞凝胶电泳）分别检测三个剂量组和对照组小鼠外周血淋巴细胞。结果：剂量组的彗星出现率与阴性对照组存在显著差异（P＜0．05）,而与阳性对照组差异不显著（P＞0．05）。结论：该杀虫剂对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA有一定程度的损伤。     

紫外辐射诱导烟草原生质体中DNA损伤的彗星电泳检测

以烟草原生质体为材料,采用彗星电泳检测用0.5W·m^-2紫外线以不同时间（0、5、10、30、60和120s）诱导的烟草原生质体中DNA的损伤。结果表明,在0～10s的时间内代表DNA损伤程度的尾矩、Olive尾矩等参数与紫外线照射时间具有良好的时间依赖关系。本文建立的烟草原生质体体系采用彗星电泳技术,可以快速而灵敏地检测紫外线对植物细胞的损伤程度。     

Application of Comet Assay in Plant Protoplast Apoptosis Detection

The authors report the application of neutral comet assay in the detection of apoptosis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ) pretoplasts. The results suggested a close inter-relationship between comet formation and nuclear compacting into densed masses at the nuclear periphery (a typical morphological symptom of apoptosis). Standard detection of hallmarks of apoptosis, including DNA laddering and TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end-Lase Labeling (TUNEL), was also performed in order to conform the reliability of comet assay in the detection of apoptosis in plant protoplasts.     

Ex vivo Assessment of Lymphocyte Antioxidant Status Using the Comet Assay

Lymphocytes were isolated from volunteers before and after receiving a single supplement of vitamin C, vitamin E or β-carotene. The lymphocytes were treated with H₂O₂, and DNA strand breaks were measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay). Significant protection against oxidative DNA damage was evident 2–4 h after vitamin C intake, and 18–24 h after consumption of the other antioxidants. Lymphocytes from smokers were more sensitive to DNA damage than those from non-smokers, and they showed at least as great a protective effect with antioxidants.     

Ex vivo Assessment of Lymphocyte Antioxidant Status Using the Comet Assay

Lymphocytes were isolated from volunteers before and after receiving a single supplement of vitamin C, vitamin E or β-carotene. The lymphocytes were treated with H₂O₂, and DNA strand breaks were measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay). Significant protection against oxidative DNA damage was evident 2-4 h after vitamin C intake, and 18-24 h after consumption of the other antioxidants. Lymphocytes from smokers were more sensitive to DNA damage than those from non-smokers, and they showed at least as great a protective effect with antioxidants.     

Statistical Analysis of the Comet Assay Using a Mixture of Gamma Distributions

Tail moments in the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay usually do not follow a normal distribution, making the statistical analysis complicated. Researchers have used a wide variety of statistical techniques in an attempt to overcome this problem. In many cases, the tail moments follow a bimodal distribution that can be modeled with a mixture of gamma distributions. This bimodality may be due to cells being in two different stages of the cell cycle at the time of treatment. Maximum likelihood, modified to accommodate censored data, can be used to estimate the five parameters of the gamma mixture distribution for each slide. A weighted analysis of variance on the parameter estimates for the gamma mixtures can be performed to determine differences in DNA damage between treatments. These methods were applied to an experiment on the effect of thymidine kinase in DNA damage and repair. Analysis based on the mixture of gamma distributions was found to be more statistically valid, more powerful, and more informative than analysis based on log-transformed tail moments.     

Measurement of Menadione-Mediated DNA Damage in Human Lymphocytes Using the Comet Assay

The model quinone compound menadione has been used to study the effects of oxidative stress in mammalian cells, and to investigate the mechanism of action of the quinone nucleus which is present in many anti-cancer drugs. We have used the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) to investigate the effects of low doses of this compound on isolated human lymphocytes. We found that concentrations of menadime as low as 1μM were sufficient to induce strand breaks in these cells. Pre-incubation with the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor dicoumarol, enhanced the production of menadione-induced strand breaks. In contrast, the metal ion chelator 1,10-phenanthroline inhibited formation of strand breaks, although prolonged incubation with 1,10-phenanthroline in combination with menadione resulted in an increase in a population of very severely damaged nuclei. A marked variation in the response of lymphocytes from different donors to menadione, and in different samples from the same donor was also observed.     

Application of a Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) Assay to Screen the Antimutagenic Activity in Foods

Three cell lines (HL60, U937 and RAW264.7) were studied for their sensitivity against mutagens by using a single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. RAW264.7, the most sensitive one, was chosen to screen the antimutagenic activity in swine and bovine offal. Aqueous extracts of the swine stomach (0.2 mg/ml) and heart (10 mg/ml) were found to have antimutagenic activity against MeIQx (+S9mix)-treated cells.     

DNA Strand Breaks in Mitotic Germ Cells of Caenorhabditis elegans Evaluated by Comet Assay

DNA damage responses are important for the maintenance of genome stability and the survival of organisms. Such responses are activated in the presence of DNA damage and lead to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair. In Caenorhabditis elegans, double-strand breaks induced by DNA damaging agents have been detected indirectly by antibodies against DSB recognizing proteins. In this study we used a comet assay to detect DNA strand breaks and to measure the elimination of DNA strand breaks in mitotic germline nuclei of C. elegans. We found that C. elegans brc-1 mutants were more sensitive to ionizing radiation and camptothecin than the N2 wild-type strain and repaired DNA strand breaks less efficiently than N2. This study is the first demonstration of direct measurement of DNA strand breaks in mitotic germline nuclei of C. elegans. This newly developed assay can be applied to detect DNA strand breaks in different C. elegans mutants that are sensitive to DNA damaging agents.     

Effect of pH on the Steady State Kinetics of Bovine Heart NADH: Coenzyme Q Oxidoreductase

Complete initial steady state kinetics of NADH-decylubiquinone (DQ) oxidoreductase reaction between pH 6.5 and 9.0 show an ordered sequential mechanism in which the order of substrate bindings and product releases is NADH-DQ–DQH₂-NAD⁺. NADH binding to the free enzyme is accelerated by protonation of an amino acid (possibly a histidine) residue. The NADH release is negligibly slow under the turnover conditions. The rate of DQ binding to the NADH-bound enzyme and the maximal rate at the saturating concentrations of the two substrates, which is determined by the rates of DQH₂ formation in the active site and releases of DQH₂ and NAD⁺ from the enzyme, are insensitive to pH, in contrast to clear pH dependencies of the maximal rates of cytochrome c oxidase and cytochrome bc ₁ complex. Physiological significances of these results are discussed.