费伯克(竹蜓)(Verbeekina)壳的构造

本文所研究的费伯克得(竹蜓)标本系采自广西合山下二叠统茅口组的石灰岩,我们在研究其立体标本时发现,由于(竹蜓)壳内圈和外圈的包旋轴有微小的变化,使得至少有一部分拟旋脊延伸方向与前一壳圈上的隔壁沟斜交。拟旋脊常常时隐时现呈虚线状,甚至在列孔两侧的隔壁上并无拟旋脊出现,而只具有列孔,隔壁沟也不是完全平直,壁孔的孔经大约为列孔的十分之一。本文还阐述了Verbeekina的拟旋脊细微构造。     

华南假希瓦格䗴种级分类单元的定量厘定

本文对华南报道的假希瓦格?Pseudoschwagerina的48个种进行了分类厘定。通过搜集已发表属种的测量数据, 并重新度量部分南京地质古生物研究所标本馆的馆藏标本, 使用Past软件对这些种进行了判别分析。 通过定性及定量研究, 将其分为两个大类、9个小类。第一大类特征为壳长, 纺锤形–长纺锤形, 轴率多大于2.0, 隔壁褶皱较强; 第二大类特征为壳短, 近球形-粗纺锤形, 轴率多在2.0以下, 隔壁褶皱微弱–较强。进一步根据个体大小和幼壳特征的变化可以看出, 壳体较短的种往往具有粗纺锤形至亚球形的幼壳, 且幼壳包卷的圈数少, 仅1.5–2圈;而壳体较长的种通常具有长纺锤形–纺锤形的幼壳, 幼壳包卷圈数相对较多, 常有2–4圈。结合初房大小、幼壳特征和壳长, 第一大类和第二大类又可以细分为9个小类。     

论述泡沫內沟珊瑚与六射珊瑚的关系并建立中珊瑚目与泡沫內沟珊瑚科

自英国卡鲁叟斯(R.G.Carruthers)在1906年发表皱纹珊瑚的隔壁生长图案以来,已获得世界各国古生物学家的承认。按照卡鲁叟斯的研究,皱纹珊瑚具有六个原生隔壁;后生的一级隔壁每输次有四个,生长在主隔壁的两侧与两个侧内沟处;对隔壁与对侧隔壁之间处于停顿状态,不生长后生的一极隔壁。我国丰宁统下部所产泡沫内沟珊瑚的隔壁生长程序,与一般皱纹珊瑚有所不同。作者最近搜集了贵州、湖南、广西各地的许多标本,制作了一系列的横切片,进行了个体发生的研究,显示出本属除主隔壁两侧及两个侧内沟     

幕府山(竹/蜓)(Mufushanella)在西藏申扎地区中二叠统的发现

Mufushanella是陈旭教授 1964年创立的,以侧坡内凹、外部壳圈具列孔区别于Nankinella。该属成立与否曾有多人讨论过,争论焦点在于建属时所谓列孔是否与隔壁孔一样,有待进一步证实。采自西藏申扎地区的标本证实了确实是列孔。而且在外部壳圈两列孔之间发育有类似拟旋脊状暗色物质聚集,可能是拟旋脊的“雏形”。并建立新种Mufushanellanankinellaeformissp.nov.     

幕府山蜓（Mufushanella）在西藏申扎地区中二叠统的发现

Mufushanella是陈旭教授1964年创立的,以侧坡内凹、外部壳圈具列孔区别于Nankinella。该属成立与否曾有多人讨论过,争论焦点在于建属时所谓列孔是否与隔壁孔一样,有待进一步证实。采自西藏申扎地区的标本证实了确实是列孔。而且在外部壳圈两列孔之间发育有类似拟旋脊状暗色物质聚集,可能是拟旋脊的“雏形”。并建立新种Mufushanella nankinellaeformis sp.nov．     

双壳缝硅藻中国2新记录种——肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种

该研究利用光学和扫描电子显微镜,对采自东洞庭湖国家自然保护区的2种双壳缝硅藻中国新记录种——肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种的标本进行了详细形态学研究。观察发现：(1)肿胀类辐节藻具有4个鉴定特征：①壳瓣轮廓在大的标本中呈披针形,在小的标本中呈椭圆披针形;②线纹在壳面中部呈辐射状排列,彼此间隔相对较宽;③假隔片在壳面两端都存在;④ 孔纹在内壳面被具微孔的膜完全覆盖。(2)英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种也具有4个鉴定特征：①壳瓣线性椭圆形或椭圆形;② 线纹除了在壳面两端呈平行排列外,在壳面大部区域呈辐射状排列,中部线纹密度10～14条/10 μm;③在壳面中央有一个孤点;④孔纹内部开口被由4个支柱支撑的孔板所覆盖,孔纹密度35～40个/10 μm。该研究的详细描述和清晰的插图为肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种的准确鉴定提供了参考。     

四川白水河国家级自然保护区野外藏酋猴活动初步调查

2006年4～12月,以白水河自然保护区的锅圈岩、回龙沟、龙漕沟、玉石沟和九峰山5个区域为野外重点观察区域,结合保护区地理信息系统的资料,对藏酋猴的活动进行了初步观察.共遇见藏酋猴29群639只,以九峰山、回龙沟等区域较多,主要在1300～2000 m活动.藏酋猴喜欢选择山坡中部、均匀坡上和阳光比较好的大于40°以上凸坡上、落叶阔叶林下、郁闭度比较适中的森林中活动,主要为植物性食物,尤其喜欢取食树皮、藤本表皮、果实、嫩枝叶等,白天比较活跃.     

早寒武世梅树村期软舌螺壳孔沟系统的初步研究

对滇东会泽雨碌、寻甸摆宰早寒武世梅树村期软舌螺壳质微细结构的研究表明,软舌螺壳的孔沟系统十分发育,壳的外层由分叉与合并呈纵向排列的长纤束组成,内层由横向分布的粒柬组成。在外层纤柬之间和纤柬内分布有大量的三角形或长椭圆形的孔洞,这些孔洞的长轴平行于壳的生长方向;在内层粒束之间或粒柬内有横向分布的长沟。内外层的沟孔可以相通。在一些软舌螺纵向和横向的切片中,均发现早期磷酸岩化作用中已被磷质颗粒充填的孔沟形态,这些孔沟分布相当密集,基本垂直壳面,几乎通达壳壁的顶底。多孔性的壳既反映了软舌螺对其特殊的生理和生态功能的要求,也反映了早期带壳动物的原始性和它们在早期生物矿化作用中的特殊地位。     

四川省尖嵴蚌属一新种(瓣鳃纲:蚌科)

作者于1981年8月进行四川省贝类资源调查时,在蒲江支流采到尖嵴蚌属一新种——四川尖峭蚌 Acuticosta sichuonica sp.nov.该种壳小,壳长26.5mm,壳高14.5mm,壳宽10.1mm;外形星卵圆形;前背缘短而低下,后背缘平直,与腹缘近于平行;壳面从壳顶至壳中部有五条似同心状的凹槽,最下一条较长,粗大。     

早侏罗世Hunanella-Margaritifera(Qiyangia)动物群在陕西神木的发现

前言榆林、神木、府谷煤田位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘.1982至1983年本单位陕北中生代课题组对该煤田区开展了多方面的煤田地质工作.笔者在测制考考乌素沟剖面时于延安组第二段中部采得大量双壳纲化石,经鉴定为 Hunanella-Margaritifera (Qiyangia)动物群.计有5属21种,这个动物群在我国北方神木地区为首次发现,对于我国     

河南固始下石炭统杨山组华夏木一新种

描述河南固始杨山煤矿下石炭统杨山组的一个华夏木新种Cathaysiodendronyangshanensesp.nov.,这是近年来继在甘肃靖远早石炭世臭牛沟组中发现华夏木之后该属在早石炭世地层中的又一发现。华夏木属是华夏植物群的特有分子,它在早石炭世的发现对探讨华夏植物群的起源有重要意义。     

FEDEKURTZIA,A NEW CARBONIFEROUS FROND FROM GONDWANALAND AND ITS FRUCTIFICATION

Fedekurtzia gen. nov. is proposed for specimens referred to Archaeopteris argentina (Kurtz, 1921) from middle Carboniferous strata of the Paganzo Basin in Argentina. Similar materials from the same area were assigned to at least six different genera by later authors. A revision of specimens from various collections shows that they all belong to a single type of polymorph frond. A progymnospermous affinity is suggested by the small fructifications resembling spikes which are attached to main rachides, as well as by the helicoidal insertion and bilateral disposition of the pinnae on the main axis. Similar fronds and fructifications have been found in Australia. These are referred in part to the new genus which seems to have had a wide distribution over Gondwanaland. Paleoclimatic and palaeogeographic evidence is considered for the Carboniferous in the Gondwana Realm. Rather poor and primitive palaeofloristic associations are usually found.     

The use of hyaluronidase and glucosidase to remove mucus from the rat middle ear cavities for SEM studies

Summary To conduct SEM studies on epithelium containing mucus-producing cells it is essential to remove the mucus which normally obscures the epithelial surface. This study presents a method which effectively removes the covering layer of mucus in the rat middle ear. Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were decapitated and the middle ears dissected free. Incubation and agitation of the middle ear specimens in hyaluronidase (50 IE ml^–1) and/or glucosidase (8%) removed the mucus from the middle ear cavity without altering the surface structures. It was also revealed that substances such as polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) (used to increase the colloid osmotic pressure of, e.g., the fixative solution) must be omitted when preparing ciliated specimens for SEM.     

Septal implosion in Late Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from Ohio

Mapes, R.H. & McComas, G.A. 2010: Septal implosion in Late Carboniferous coiled nautiloids from Ohio. Lethaia, 10.1111/j.1502–3931.2009.00213.x More than 200 relatively mature coiled nautiloid specimens, assigned to Metacoceras mcchesneyi, were recovered from an Upper Carboniferous shale in northeastern Ohio. Twenty‐seven undistorted specimens reveal that the septa in every specimen were collapsed and/or telescoped. This septal collapse without external shell distortion could only have been accomplished by limited implosion due to excessive pressure. Analysis of the fossils, sediment and the depositional environment indicate that after burial, the nautiloid cameral spaces were probably filled with both liquid and gas, and the body chamber was filled with semi‐solid thixotropic mud. To prevent conch collapse at the time of septal implosion, the thixotropic mud filling the nautiloid body chamber acted as a liquid at the time of stress release during septal failure. The stress was produced by combined lithostatic and hydrostatic pressures, which fluidized the unlithified thixotropic mud that flowed from the body chamber into the phragmocone during septal collapse. After the septal implosion and when flowage ceased, the thixotropic mud quickly resolidified into a solid state providing internal conch support that prevented the collapse of the conch. □Carboniferous, nautiloids, septal implosion, taphonomy, thixotropic mud.     

中国新记录属--莱氏茧蜂属及一新记录种

One genus Nyereria Mason and one species Nyereria neavi （Wilkinson） are reported for the first time from China. Four SEM photos are provided. All specimens are deposited in Beneficial Insect Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture ＆ Forestry University.     

湖南异珊瑚目的新材料——兼论异珊瑚目的构造

记述了湖南渣渡早石炭世维宪期异珊瑚6属: Hexaphyllia, Pentaphyllia, Haptaphyllia, Heterophyllia, Nodohexaphyllia gen. nov. 及 Nodopentaphyllia gen. nov..根据这些珊瑚的内部构造形态,特别从出芽繁殖幼体的构造形态,对异珊瑚轴管的形成、横板的生长形态、隔壁的生长起点及体壁组成的因素等提出了一些新的见解.     

A three- and two-dimensional documentation of structural elements in schwagerinids (superfamily Fusulinoidea) exemplified by silicified material from the Upper Carboniferous of the Carnic Alps (Austria/Italy): a comparison with verbeekinoideans and alveolinids

Silicified schwagerinids (superfamily Fusulinoidea v. Moeller 1878) from the Upper Carboniferous (Carnic Alps, Austria and Italy) were isolated from cemented carbonate rocks using hydrochloric acid. The shells show details of the wall texture and of internal structures in three dimensions which are illustrated with SEM pictures. Thin sections from hand specimens provided two-dimensional sections of the shell for comparison. The functional significance of fusulinoidean internal structures is discussed and compared with verbeekinoideans and alveolinids. Particular attention is paid on the disposition of the different openings within the shell and from the chamber lumen to the outside which reflects the direction of protoplasmic flow. Based on the knowledge of the nature of protoplasm ultrastructure in Recent foraminifera and its biological significance we draw some conclusions about the nature of protoplasm in fusulinoideans and its change within the Permian verbeekinoideans.     

The Fish Swimming Trace Undichna from the Mississippian Mauch Chunk Formation,Eastern Pennsylvania

Undichna, the swimming trace of fish, was recovered from the middle member of the Mauch Chunk Formation in eastern Pennsylvania in strata of Late Mississippian (Visean) age. These traces represent the only evidence of fish known from the Mauch Chunk Formation and the Carboniferous of Eastern Pennsylvania. The Mauch Chunk Formation in the study area is characterized by an ephemeral fluvial depositional environment that yields a diverse invertebrate ichnoassemblage of the Scoyenia ichnofacies and a tetrapod footprint assemblage dominated by the tracks of temnospondyl amphibians. The Undichna specimens are preserved on fine-grained, mudstone-draped, rippled sandstone. Two specimens, assigned to U. Britannica, consist of pairs of well-defined, narrowly incised, sinusoidal wave traces that are out-of-phase. Two specimens, assigned to U. quina, consist of two pairs of in-phase sinusoidal waves intersected by an additional single wave with a greater amplitude. Two specimens, each composed of a single wave, are assigned to U. unisulca.

The slabs of rock with the Undichna traces also preserve tetrapod undertracks assigned to Batrachichnus, Matthewichnus, and Hylopus. This trace fossil association indicates the presence of small fish, some with caudal and/or anal fins and some with pectoral, pelvic, and anal and/or caudal fins, that touched the sediment during periods of intermittent flooding of subaerial surfaces walked upon by early tetrapods. Examples of Undichna from Mississippian or older deposits, especially from a fluvial paleoenvironment, are rare; few have been reported from the Devonian and the Lower Carboniferous.     

海南岛昌江地区石炭纪牙形刺化石

海南岛昌江地区前人所称南好组第四段及第三段分别发现的牙形刺Siphonodella isosticha-S.cooperi组合及Mesogondolella clarki组合,表明该组包括了早石炭早期及晚石炭世早中期,而不是传统的认为的属早石炭世并可能包括中－晚泥盆世,同时还证实原南好组第三段层位远远高于第四段,而不是位于其下,从而纠正了前人长期沿用的该地区石炭系层序的错误,并指出昌江地区石炭纪牙形刺属华南古生物地理系。     

中国南方跳蛛两新种（蜘蛛目：跳蛛科）

本文记述我国南方跳蛛两新种：三突宽胸蝇虎,新种Ｒｈｅｎｅｔｒｉａｐｏｐｈｙｓｅｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和琼斯坦蛛,新种Ｓｔｅｎａｅｌｕｒｉｌｌｕｓ ｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本分别保存于湖南生物研究所和白求恩医科大学生物系。