滇东泥盆系几个含鱼层的时代和对比

从鱼化石的角度对滇东泥盆系下述含鱼地层进行了分析,并认为:1)曲靖地区下泥盆统徐家冲组与坡松冲组或四川的平驿铺组、广西的那高岭组层位相当,时代为布拉格期;其层位低于含 duyunolepids-Kueichowlepis鱼类组合的贵州乌当组或舒家坪组,后者时代为埃姆斯期。2)滇东中泥盆统含两个不同时期的含鱼层,其中含Yinosteus-Wudinolepis鱼类组合的武定地区旧城组属中泥盆统早期,该鱼类组合现仅知分布于武定地区。而中泥盆统晚期含鱼地层,在曲靖地区由下而上包括穿洞组、上双河组和海口组三个岩石组;其中穿洞组＋上双河组与武定的鱼子甸组对比,而海口组与曲靖组为同时异相;武定茶花箐组与曲靖组对比。3)文中时上述地层中的某些鱼化石的层位或鉴定作了评述或厘定。     

中国下泥盆统脊椎动物化石组合层序

本文综合了滇、黔、川、桂等地的一些早泥盆世地层剖面中的脊椎动物化石的出露情况,粗略地描绘出了早期脊椎动物演化的一般特征,归纳成三个发展阶段。并以此为依据,讨论了下泥盆统的分层与对比。     

云南早泥盆世西山村组华南鱼类的首次发现

记述了云南曲靖地区早泥盆世洛霍考夫期华南鱼类一新属———王冠鱼(Stephaspis gen.nov.)。新属发现于西山村组下部致密坚硬的石英砂岩中,其主要特征是:个体较大的华南鱼类,头甲呈长盾形,后缘向后凸出;角发育,侧向延伸,末端向头甲后侧方自然倾斜,内角不发育;具吻突,但不甚发育;中背孔较大,呈纵向椭圆形,前端稍尖,后端圆钝;眶孔较小,圆形,背位;头甲背面具一对背窗,呈狭长椭圆形,靠近头甲侧缘;感觉管系统不甚发育,仅见后眶上管、侧背管、侧横管及背联络管,后眶上管呈V字形;纹饰为细小的粒状瘤点。新属不仅是华南鱼类在西山村组的首次发现,也指示了目前华南鱼类出现的最低层位,为探讨华南鱼类的起源与早期辐射提供了重要资料。     

桂中南下泥盆统的胴甲鱼类化石

本文通过对近年来在广西横县六景采集的下泥盆统胴甲鱼类化石的描述,同时对以往记述或报道过的该地的胴甲鱼类化石作了简要的评说,在此基础上,列出了广西下泥盆统莲花山组的胴甲鱼类化石.根据这些胴甲鱼类化石内容,讨论了桂中南的莲花山组与滇东曲靖有关地层的对比,重申了桂中南莲花山组的地质时代应和曲靖西屯组的相当.由于直伏于西屯组之下,尚有一含多鳃鱼类化石为其特色的西山村组,该组又公认是早泥盆世早期的沉积,因此,桂中南的莲花山组之下,缺失了相当于西山村组的沉积.很显然,以莲花山组的地层内容所建立的莲花山阶,用来代表我国早泥盆世早期的沉积是不妥当的.     

滇东曲靖翠峰山群下部花鳞鱼类微体化石的再研究

基于从云南曲靖翠峰山群下部西山村组和西屯组获得的许多花鳞鱼类微体化石新材料,建立1新属包含4新种,1老种。根据新属在形态学和古组织学构造显示的花鳞鱼类志留纪属和泥盆组属的过渡性质,认为曲靖地区含该类鱼化石的地层时代似应为Pridolian中、晚期。曲靖地区志留——泥盆纪界线似应从翠峰山群西屯组中部通过。建立了曲靖地区从Ludiovian到Emsian早期的三个脊椎动物组合。     

云南文山早泥盆世盔甲鱼类的新发现

描述了采自云南东南部文山地区下泥盆统坡松冲组下部的无颌类化石,建立了盔甲鱼类的一新属、新种──纸厂文山鱼(Ｗｅｎｓｈａｍｐｉｓ ｚｈｉｃｈａｎｇｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．),同时修订了两个盔甲鱼类的旧属、旧种──长吻三歧鱼(Ｓａｎｑｉａｐｉｓ ｒｏｓｔｒａｔａ)及长角大窗鱼(Ｍａｃｒｏｔｈｙｒａｓｐｉｓｌｏｎｇｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ)。迄今为止,长吻三歧鱼仅在四川江油雁门坝的平驿铺组中部发现并记述过,长角大窗鱼也仅有一件采自云南广南坡松冲组中的正型标本,而纸厂文山鱼为滇东南文山地区首次记述的多鳃鱼类新属种,它与滇东北昭通地区下泥盆统坡松冲组中的让氏昭通鱼(Ｚｈａｏ－ｔｏｎｇａｓｉｓ ｊａｎｖｉｅｒｉ)最为相似。此次这三个盔甲鱼类属种在滇东南文山地区的发现,为该区下泥盆统的横向对比提供了重要的古鱼类学方面的证据。     

Lower Devonian vertebrates, arthropods and brachiopods from northern Vietnam

Additional vertebrates and ostracods from the bituminous shale of the Khao Loc Formation at Tong Vai, Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam, corroborate its correlation with the upper part of the Xishancun (Xiaxishancun) Formation and the lower part of the Xitun and Lianhuashan formations of South China, and its Middle to Late Lochkovian age. The variations in morphology and ornamentation of the galeaspid Polybranchiaspis liaojaoshanensis from Tong Vai are discussed and regarded as possibly size and growth-related. A new acanthothoracid placoderm with a very deep dorsal process is described from Tong Vai and the specific distinction between the antiarchs Minicrania lissa from Tong Vai and M. lirouyii from Yunnan is supported by additional characters. Petalichthyid placoderms are recorded from this locality for the first time, and the skull of a juvenile youngolepidid sarcopterygian is described. Eurypterid fragments and a phyllocarid crustacean are also recorded from the Khao Loc Formation. A new species of the chonetid brachiopod genus Tulynetes, endemic to northern Vietnam, is described from the Pragian Mia Le Formation at Cu Le, Bac Kan Province, a new locality which yields a large diversity of taxa with outstanding preservation.     

Spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation from Qujing,Yunnan, China

Abstract: The Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation from the vicinity of Qujing City, Yunnan, China is interpreted as a terrestrial‐fluviatile‐lacustrine sequence. It contains important nonmarine biotas including plants, fish and invertebrates. The plants are particularly interesting as they include many endemic taxa. Dispersed spore assemblages have been recovered from the upper part of this formation. The spores are well preserved and of moderate thermal maturity. They are systematically described and four new species erected: Aneurospora xujiachongensis sp. nov., Chelinospora ouyangii sp. nov., Camptozonotriletes? luii sp. nov. and Leiozonospora xichongensis sp. nov. One new combination is proposed: Aneurospora conica (Ouyang and Lu) comb. nov. This is a rare report of a Lower Devonian dispersed spore assemblage from the South China Plate. Indeed, few dispersed spore assemblages of this age are known outside of Euramerica and Northern Gondwana. It is suggested that the Xujiachong Formation spore assemblages can all be equated to the polygonalis‐emsiensis Spore Assemblages Biozone (PE SAB) of Richardson and McGregor (1986) indicating an early (but not earliest) Pragian to ?earliest Emsian age. However, caution is urged, because biostratigraphical interpretation is difficult owing to distinct differences between dispersed spore assemblages from South China and Euramerica/Northern Gondwana. This almost certainly reflects palaeophytogeographical variation and regional endemism among early land plant floras on widely separated land masses. Palynofacies analysis supports a nonmarine origin for the deposits of the Xujiachong Formation, with the very rare marine palynomorphs that were encountered interpreted as reworked.     

Some observations on Zosterophyllutn australianum Lang & Gookson from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China

SHOU-GANG, H., 1992. Some observations on Zosterophyllutn australianum Lang & Cookson from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan, China. Recent collections of Zosterophyllum australianum have been made from the Xujiachong Formation which outcrops near Xujiachong village in the Qujing district of Yunnan province. The unit is a non-marine facies of the type section of the Lower Devonian of China. Sediments containing the fossil material are probably Siegenian-Emsian in age. Details of the morphology of fertile spike of Z. australianum are recorded. The spikes bear short-stalked, rather large, transversely elliptical sporangia, each with a wide, thickened, distal border. Sporangia are borne close together in a dextrorse helix, and usually in four or five longitudinal rows. Morphological variation of in-situ spores is also described. Comparison of the new specimens with others of reported Z. australianum has led to some nomenclatural changes.     

广西桂林泥盆纪牙形刺组合序列与海平面变化

本文以桂林灵川岩山圩中,晚泥盆世界线剖面,桂林沙河能源疗养院背后信都组－唐家湾组剖面及桂林额头村Ｄ／Ｃ界线剖面的牙形刺资料为基础,结合前人在桂林地区所做的牙形刺生物地层工作,识别出该区中,晚泥盆世牙形刺化石的１６个组合序列,并以此为尺度结合层序地层格架,层序界面及层序中的微相叠加形式,讨论该区中,晚泥盆世高分辨的海平面变化。     

记真盔甲鱼类两新属——兼论真盔甲鱼类系统发育关系

本文记述了早泥盆世真盔甲鱼类两新属:憨鱼属(Nochelaspis)和翼角鱼属(Pterogonaspis).真盔甲鱼类是盔甲鱼类的一个单系类群,现有七属十二种,文中运用分支系统学原理对其系统发育关系进行了初步探讨.     

EARLY VERTEBRATE FOSSILS FROM THE EARLY DEVONIAN OF ZHAOTONG DISTRICT, NORTHEASTERN YUNNAN

Astothegaleaspids,thePosongchongFormationofZhaotongDistrictismostsimilartothePingyipoFormationofJiangyou,Sichuan.BothLungmenshanaspisandSanqiaspisareexclusivelyfoundinthesetworegions,indicatingthepresenceofbiogeographicconnection.PaleontologicStudiesSubclassGaleaspidaTarlo,1967orderHuananaspiformesJanvier,l975FamiIySanqiaspididaeLiu,l975GenusSanqiasPisLiu,l975TyPespeciesSanqiasPisrostrataLiul975.ReferredspeciesSanqiasPiszhaotongensisLiul97iEmendeddiagnosisCephalicshieldnarrow,rou…     

滇东早泥盆世星骨鱼科(Asterosteidae)化石的发现

<正> 目前,泥盆纪星骨鱼科化石除非洲和南极地区尚未发现外,世界其它各地均有发现,但化石产地并不多.其时代从早泥盆世一直延续到晚泥盆世早期,多数出现在早—中泥盆世.所有化石全部产于海相地层.据现有资料统计,已经发现和描述的只有5个属,即 Asterosteus, Gemuendina, Jagorina, Ohioaspis, Bolivosteus,分布在德国(早泥盆世),美国(中泥盆世),加拿大(中泥盆世),澳大利亚(早一中泥盆世),土耳其(中泥盆世)和玻利维亚(中泥盆世).     

云南沾益早泥盆世肺鱼类一新种

记述了云南沾益地区下泥盆统穿洞组肺鱼化石一新种——多脊混磨鱼(Tarachomylax multicostatus sp.nov.),归入标本包括一件左上齿板、一块B骨、一块可能是3骨的骨片和6个零散鳞片。主要特征:齿板内侧及后侧边缘被小齿(denticles)覆盖;齿脊11-12列,齿板中缘与最后一列齿脊夹角约135°;内翼骨侧凹不明显,后侧部窄小呈尖状;B骨和J骨上的前凹线沟相连;鳞片出露区与被覆压区之间有小齿瘤带。     

A new species of vascular plants from the Xujiachong Formation (Lower Devonian) of Yunnan Province, China

A new species of early land vascular plants, Huia gracilis, is described from the Lower Devonian (Pragian-early Emsian) Xujiachong Formation, Qujing district, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The plant possesses K- or H-type branching in the rhizome and a dichotomously branched erect system. An axillary tubercle is sometimes present at the branching position. Fertile axes terminate in loose spikes comprising terminal and lateral sporangia arranged helically. Sporangia with long stalks are ovate or elongate-ovate and reflex adaxially. The sporangium dehisces longitudinally in the radial plane of the fertile axis into two parts. The xylem is probably centrarch. Tracheids of G-type are characterised by annular secondary thickenings, between which is a sheet with irregular simple perforations. There may be some 'pores' in the enclosing wall of the perforation. H. gracilis differs from the type species H. recurvata mainly in the branching pattern, more slender morphology of the stem, sporangium and stalk. It is suggested that Huia may have originated from the primitive Cooksonia-like plants.     

新疆中天山汗吉尕组Helenifore robustum放射虫动物群及其年代地层学意义

汗吉尕组是新疆中天山温泉小区中泥盆统的一个地层单元,为海相碎屑岩夹火山碎屑岩沉积。过去在灰岩团块和灰岩砾石中发现较为丰富的中泥盆世珊瑚和腕足类化石。这次,我们在该组上部地层硅质岩透镜体中首次发现晚泥盆世弗拉晚期的放射虫Helenifore robustum动物群。对于温泉地区该组地层的时代归属,我们认为:由于已发现的中泥盆世珊瑚、腕足类化石主要产于灰岩砾石或外来块体中,因此,这些化石的时代并不代表该组形成的时代;而产于硅质岩透镜体中的晚泥盆世弗拉晚期的放射虫化石很可能代表该组的年代。全文共描述放射虫5属11种,归属3目4科。     

Fossil fishes from china provide first evidence of dermal pelvic girdles in osteichthyans

Background

The pectoral and pelvic girdles support paired fins and limbs, and have transformed significantly in the diversification of gnathostomes or jawed vertebrates (including osteichthyans, chondrichthyans, acanthodians and placoderms). For instance, changes in the pectoral and pelvic girdles accompanied the transition of fins to limbs as some osteichthyans (a clade that contains the vast majority of vertebrates – bony fishes and tetrapods) ventured from aquatic to terrestrial environments. The fossil record shows that the pectoral girdles of early osteichthyans (e.g., Lophosteus, Andreolepis, Psarolepis and Guiyu) retained part of the primitive gnathostome pectoral girdle condition with spines and/or other dermal components. However, very little is known about the condition of the pelvic girdle in the earliest osteichthyans. Living osteichthyans, like chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes), have exclusively endoskeletal pelvic girdles, while dermal pelvic girdle components (plates and/or spines) have so far been found only in some extinct placoderms and acanthodians. Consequently, whether the pectoral and pelvic girdles are primitively similar in osteichthyans cannot be adequately evaluated, and phylogeny-based inferences regarding the primitive pelvic girdle condition in osteichthyans cannot be tested against available fossil evidence.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Here we report the first discovery of spine-bearing dermal pelvic girdles in early osteichthyans, based on a new articulated specimen of Guiyu oneiros from the Late Ludlow (Silurian) Kuanti Formation, Yunnan, as well as a re-examination of the previously described holotype. We also describe disarticulated pelvic girdles of Psarolepis romeri from the Lochkovian (Early Devonian) Xitun Formation, Yunnan, which resemble the previously reported pectoral girdles in having integrated dermal and endoskeletal components with polybasal fin articulation.

Conclusions/Significance

The new findings reveal hitherto unknown similarity in pectoral and pelvic girdles among early osteichthyans, and provide critical information for studying the evolution of pelvic girdles in osteichthyans and other gnathostomes.     

新疆南天山早泥盆世阿尔皮什麦布拉克组床板型珊瑚群及其生物地理意义

对床板珊瑚化石群的分析表明,南天山阿尔皮什表布拉克组的地质时代为早泥盆世早期,所含珊瑚群与滇西北,西秦岭,内蒙古达尔罕茂明安联合旗,吉林二道沟的珊瑚群面貌相似,明确属于古特提斯生物地理区内,而与北天山,淮噶尔,北山,大,小兴安岭等地区同期地层所产者存在明显差异。     

Thelodont Scales from the Lower Devonian Red Bay Group, Spitsbergen

Scales of nine thelodont taxa are described from the Red Bay Group of Spitsbergen, also characterized by its assemblage of other typical Early Devonian vertebrates. The four thelodont–bearing horizons of the lower Fraenkelryggen Formation yield typical Lochkovian thelodont assemblages, containing Boreania minima , Canonia grossi , Nikolivia depressa sp. nov., Nikolivia elongata , Nikolivia gutta and Turinia pagei . One horizon from the younger Ben Nevis Formation has a similar thelodont assemblage, except for two new taxa; Apalolepis angelica sp. nov. and Turinia barentsia sp. nov. The appearance of Turinia polita and the disappearance of Boreania minima is also characteristic for this assemblage. Comparison with similar faunas from the Northern Hemisphere supports this faunal change and allows further elaboration of Early Devonian thelodont biostratigraphy.     

滇西保山地区丁家寨组、卧牛寺组牙形刺的时代

本首次描述了滇西保山卧牛寺组及永德丁家寨组的Rabeignathus牙形刺动物群,其中2个新种：Rabeignathus yunnanensis sp．nov．,R．ritterianus sp．nov．,并划分出3个牙形刺带,进一步确定了古生物地层工作争论已久的卧牛寺组的时代为Artinskian晚期-Kungurian早期;丁家寨组上段为Sakmarian晚期-Artinskian早期。该牙形刺动物群为暖温型动物群,结合保山地块当时的古地磁资料,丁家寨组、卧牛寺组沉积之时,应处于边缘冈瓦纳区。卧牛寺组玄武岩喷发时间的确定,预示了保山地块从边缘冈瓦纳区分离出来的时间为Artinskian晚期。