地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶异源表达研究

目的：以地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶基因（amyL）为报告基因,构建含不同启动子的枯草杆菌表达载体,转化枯草杆菌,并对重组菌的酶活进行分析,比较不同启动子对amyL基因在枯草杆菌中表达的影响。方法：以高温α-淀粉酶高产菌株B.licheniformis0204染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到amyL并分别与PQ启动子和P43启动子进行连接构建表达载体pUB-PQ-amyL和pUB-P43-amyL,化学法转化枯草杆菌1A717,筛选得到重组转化子后对重组菌的表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和酶活检测。结果：重组菌摇瓶发酵105h后测定高温α-淀粉酶酶活,B.subtilis1A717（pUB-PQ-amyL）的最高酶活为280.1U/mL,B.subtilis1A717（pUB-P43-amyL）的最高酶活为190.5U/mL。结论：PQ启动子调控的高温α-淀粉酶最高表达水平是P43启动子调控的最高表达水平的1.47倍,说明PQ启动子能使amyL基因在枯草杆菌中更高效地表达。     

通过同源介导α-淀粉酶基因扩增改良地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶生产菌株

地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶(BLA)是淀粉水解与生物加工过程中重要关键酶制剂之一.为了进一步提高地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶生产菌株的生产性能,本研究构建了一种含有地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶编码基因amyL的整合性重组质粒pBL-amyL.将重组质粒pBL-amyL转化入BLA工业生产菌株Bacillus licheniformis B0204,再在卡那霉素存在下介导其B.1icheniformis B0204染色体中的同源整合与高温α-淀粉酶编码基因amyL的扩增,由此获得了携带多个amyL拷贝的转化子.对转化子的amyL拷贝数及其BLA发酵水平分别用荧光实时定量PCR及摇瓶发酵试验进行评价与鉴定.与出发菌株B0204相比,含2～5倍amyL拷贝数的重组菌的BLA的合成水平显著提高.其中,重组菌REBL18生产BLA的水平提高了89.2%.     

地衣芽孢杆菌胞外耐高温α-淀粉酶的研究

地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Licheniformis)突变株7902培养液离心后的上清液,于75℃至100℃作用．Α-淀粉酶活力基本上随温度提高呈直线上升。酶液在不加Ca2+和无任何保护剂条件下于90℃处理60分钟,95℃处理20分钟,酶活力均能保留90％以上。培养液经硫酸铵分段沉淀、Sephadex G-50疑胶过滤和制备垂直平板电泳纯化,经PAGE鉴定为一条带,纯酶比活提高49.3倍,淀粉酶法区带定位鉴定证明提纯样品是α-淀粉酶。SDS凝胶电泳测定分子量为68000。金属离子Ca242+、Li+、Mg2+等对酶有激活作用,而AI3+、Ag+、Cu2+、Mn2+和Fe2+等有一定的抑制作用。     

地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶的组成及光谱学性质

a-Ⅲ是地衣芽孢杆菌变异株A．4041高温a-淀粉酶中的主要组分,每分子含10个钙原子,氨基酸分析表明：a-Ⅲ富含丝氨酸（17．9％）,天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸（包括酰胺）占20．7％,碱性氨基酸占7．7％。紫外光谱的最大和最小吸收分别在278nm和249nm,荧光光谱的最大激发波长和发射波长分别为282nm和340nm。远紫外CD谱显示222nm和219nm的双负峰及208nm和216nm处鼓起的两个负肩,溶液中a-螺旋构象占388％。     

地衣芽孢杆菌高温α-淀粉酶的组成及光谱学性质

a-Ⅲ是地衣芽孢杆菌变异株A．4041高温a-淀粉酶中的主要组分,每分子含10个钙原子,氨基酸分析表明：a-Ⅲ富含丝氨酸（17．9％）,天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸（包括酰胺）占20．7％,碱性氨基酸占7．7％。紫外光谱的最大和最小吸收分别在278nm和249nm,荧光光谱的最大激发波长和发射波长分别为282nm和340nm。远紫外CD谱显示222nm和219nm的双负峰及208nm和216nm处鼓起的两个负肩,溶液中a-螺旋构象占388％。     

地衣形芽孢杆菌热稳定α-淀粉酶基因的分子克隆及其在枯草杆菌中的表达

以E.coli噬菌体λ EMBL 3为载体,用鸟枪法将地衣形芽孢杆菌的热稳定α-淀粉酶基因克隆到λ噬菌体的基因组中。携带α-淀粉酶基因的杂种噬菌体λ pAmy_αL16的DNA,经限制性内切酶HindⅢ水解后,被亚克隆到枯草杆菌的质粒pNQ 122上,并得到了表达。通过重转化作用和物理图谱分析,证明α-淀粉酶基因位于3.9 kb的Hin dⅢ DNA限制片段上。 转化子枯草杆菌(pAmy_αL41)产生的α-淀粉酶的热稳定性、最适反应温度等与亲本菌株一致。α-淀粉酶的分子量和等电点也与原菌株相同。     

地衣芽孢杆菌α—淀粉酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的诱导表达

采用PCR技术扩增了sacB基因的启动子-信号序列,并将扩增的序列重组进含地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因的质粒载体上构建了含α-淀粉酶基因的分泌型表达载体pSA60。将pSA60转化枯草芽孢杆菌QB1098后,α-淀粉酶基因在sacB基因启动子-信号序列的调控和蔗糖的诱导下获得表达,表达产物分泌至胞外。     

中温α-淀粉酶在地衣芽孢杆菌中的异源表达

提高中温α-淀粉酶生产菌株的发酵温度,对减少冷却水消耗降低生产成本有重要意义。本文利用基因删除技术删除了地衣芽孢杆菌CBBD302菌株α-淀粉酶的编码基因(amy L)获得突变株D402。将表达解淀粉芽孢杆菌中温α-淀粉酶基因Ba A的重组质粒p HY-WZX-Ba A转化D402,获得表达中温α-淀粉酶的重组地衣芽孢杆菌D402/p HY-WZX-Ba A。摇瓶发酵实验显示,重组菌最适发酵温度为42℃,比原生产菌株提高8℃,最高产酶水平达到301 U/m L。30 L发酵罐发酵试验,78 h达到最高酶活531 U/m L。重组酶的最适作用温度为60℃,最适作用p H 6.5,在90℃保温20 min可以完全失活,保持了中温α-淀粉酶既能在淀粉糊化温度下保持稳定又便于灭酶的优良性能。     

地衣芽孢杆菌β—甘露聚糖酶的纯化及其性质的研究

地衣芽孢杆菌１Ｂａｃｉｕｕｓ Ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）ＢＬ－３０６产生的胞外β－甘露聚糖酶经硫酸铵分级盐析,ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析。Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ｇ１００柱凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱再层析分离纯化,得到ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）均一样品。用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得纯化后β－甘露聚糖酶分子量为２６０００道尔顿。用凝胶等电聚焦电泳（ＰＡＧＥＩＥＦ）测得等电点ＰＩ为５．０。该酶     

Molecular cloning in Bacillus subtilis of a Bacillus licheniformis gene encoding a thermostable alpha amylase

A resident-plasmid cloning system developed for Bacillus subtilis has been used to isolate recombinant plasmids carrying DNA from Bacillus licheniformis which confer alpha-amylase activity on alpha-amylase-negative mutants of B. subtilis. These plasmids contain a 3550-bp insert at the EcoRI site of the plasmid pBD64. Subcloning various lengths of the B. licheniformis DNA has localised the gene to a 2550-bp BclI fragment. We present evidence that the cloned fragment codes for a B. licheniformis heat-stable alpha-amylase with a temperature optimum of 93 degrees C. The foreign gene is expressed efficiently in B. subtilis and is stably maintained.     

Cloning of a thermostable α-amylase gene from Bacillus licheniformis and its expression in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis

Abstract The gene coding for the thermostable α-amylase Bacillus licheniformis has been isolated from a direct shotgun in Escherichia coli using the bacteriophage lambda as a vector. The fragment containing the α-amylase gene has been sub-cloned in pBR322 and its restriction map determined. The α-amylase produced by the E. coli clones retained the thermostability of the B. licheniformis enzyme. Expression and properties of the gene product in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis have been examined.     

地衣芽孢杆菌普鲁兰酶编码基因的鉴定

对地衣芽孢杆菌基因组序列分析显示。其中标注为amyX的基因可能编码普鲁兰酶。以PCR方法,从地衣芽孢杆菌染色体DNA中扩增出amyX基因蛋白编码区,插入大肠杆菌表达载体pET28aT7启动予下游。含重组质粒的大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）在IPTG诱导下表达出有活性的普鲁兰酶。酶学性质初步分析表明,重组普鲁兰酶最适反应温度为40℃,最适pH值为6．0。     

Bacillus licheniformis6816碱性蛋白酶基因在E.coli中的克隆和表达

用PCR方法从地衣芽孢杆菌6816中扩增了碱性蛋白酶基因（apr),扩增的1.14kb的DNA片段插入到大肠杆菌载体pET-20b中,构建成重组分泌型表达载体pAPR1。pAPR1中碱性蛋白酶基因在大肠杆菌宿主JM109（DE3）中得到表达,SDS-PAGE分析显示融合表达产物的分子量为30kD,同核酸序列测定所推导的值相符,表达产物占细胞总蛋白的7.5%,重组菌的酶活比出发菌株提高了3.3倍,研究发现,重组的碱性蛋白酶在进入大肠杆菌周质空间时存在前肽自动脱落的现象。     

Bacillus licheniformis APase I gene promoter: a strong well-regulated promoter in B. subtilis

The 5' regulatory region and the portion of the structural gene coding for the amino-terminal sequence of alkaline phosphatase I (APase I) were isolated from Bacillus licheniformis MC14 using a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide deduced from the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. The DNA sequence analysis of this region revealed an open reading frame of 129 amino acids containing the amino-terminal sequence of the mature APase protein. The protein sequence was preceded by a putative signal sequence of 32 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of the partial APase clone as well as the experimentally determined amino acid sequence of the enzyme indicated that B. licheniformis APase retains the important features conserved among other APases of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and various human tissues. Heterologous expression studies of the promoter using a fusion with the lacZ gene indicated that it functions as a very strong inducible promoter in B. subtilis that is tightly regulated by phosphate concentration.     

Cloning of a gene encoding thermostable glucoamylase from Chaetomium thermophilum and its expression in Pichia pastoris

AIMS: Chaetomium thermophilum is a soil-borne thermophilic fungus whose molecular biology is poorly understood. Only a few genes have been cloned from the Chaetomium genus. This study attempted to clone, to sequence and to express a thermostable glucoamylase gene of C. thermophilum. METHODS AND RESULTS: First strand cDNA was prepared from total RNA isolated from C. thermophilum and the glucoamylase gene amplified by using PCR. Degenerate primers based on the N-terminal sequences of the purified glucoamylase according to our previous works and a cDNA fragment encoding the glucoamylase gene was obtained through RT-PCR. Using RACE-PCR, full-length cDNA of glucoamylase gene was cloned from C. thermophilum. The full-length cDNA of the glucoamylase was 2016 bp and contained a 1797-bp open reading frame encoding a protein glucoamylase precursor of 599 amino acid residues. The amino-acid sequence from 31 to 45 corresponded to the N-terminal sequence of the purified protein. The first 30 amino acids were presumed to be a signal peptide. The alignment results of the putative amino acid sequence showed the catalytic domain of the glucoamylase was high homology with the catalytic domains of the other glucoamylases. The C. thermophilum glucoamylase gene was expressed in Pichia pastoris, and the glucoamylase was secreted into the culture medium by the yeast in a functionally active form. The recombinant glucoamylase purified was a glycoprotein with a size of about 66 kDa, and exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 4.5-5.0 and 65 degrees C. The enzyme was stable at 60 degrees C, the enzyme activity kept 80% after 60 min incubation at 70 degrees C. The half-life was 40 and 10 min under incubation at 80 and 90 degrees C respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A new thermostable glucoamylase gene of C. thermophilum was cloned, sequenced, overexpressed successfully in P. pastoris. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Because of its thermostability and overexpression, this glucoamylase enzyme offers an interesting potential in saccharification steps in both starch enzymatic conversion and in alcohol production.     

Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase from Ganoderma lucidum and its functional identification in yeast

A gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) was isolated from a triterpene-producing fungus, Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi or Lingzhi). This report provides the complete nucleotide sequence of the full-length cDNA encoding HMGR and its genomic DNA sequence. The cDNA of the HMGR (GenBank Accession no., EU263989) was found to contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 3,681 bp encoding a 1,226-amino-acid polypeptide, whereas the HMGR genomic DNA sequence (GenBank Accession no., EU263990) consisted of 4,262 bp and contained seven exons and six introns. The deduced amino acid sequence of G. lucidum HMGR showed significant homology to the known HMGRs from Ustilago maydis and Cryptococcus neoformans, and contained four conserved domains. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression level was relatively low in mycelia incubated for 10, 12, and 14 d, and reached the highest level in the primordia. Functional complementation of Gl-HMGR in a HMGR-deficient mutant yeast strain indicated that the cloned cDNA encoded a HMG-CoA reductase.     

Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding a new thermostable hemolysin from Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A new thermostable hemolysin (delta-VPH) gene was cloned from a Kanagawa-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain into vector pBR322 in Escherichia coli K12. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences had no homology with those of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) which causes the Kanagawa phenomenon, and of the thermolabile hemolysin (TLH) of V. parahaemolyticus. The gene was present in all V. parahaemolyticus strains tested and also in one strain of V. damsela.     

地衣芽孢杆菌碱性果胶酶基因PelA的克隆与原核表达

通过PCR扩增的方法,从本实验室筛选保存的Bacillus licheniformis DG-3 菌株中扩增出碱性果胶酶的结构基因pelA , 序列分析表明,所获PelA 基因与已报道的B.licheniformis 14A菌株的pelA基因的同源性为100%. 将pelA 基因在大肠杆菌中表达,发酵液菌体的碱性果胶酶酶活为12U/mL. 4～8 mmol/L的Ca2 对碱性果胶酶具有显著的激活作用.     

Characterization of a thermostable esterase activity from the moderate thermophile Bacillus licheniformis

A new esterase activity from Bacillus licheniformis was characterized from an Escherichia coli recombinant strain. The protein was a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 81 kDa. The optimum pH for esterase activity was 8-8.5 and it was stable in the range 7-8.5. The optimum temperature for activity was 45 degrees C and the half-life was 1 h at 64 degrees C. Maximum activity was observed on p-nitrophenyl caproate with little activity toward long-chain fatty acid esters. The enzyme had a KM of 0.52 mM for p-nitrophenyl caproate hydrolysis at pH 8 and 37 degrees C. The enzyme activity was not affected by either metal ions or sulfydryl reagents. Surprisingly, the enzyme was only slightly inhibited by PMSF. These characteristics classified the new enzyme as a thermostable esterase that shared similarities with lipases. The esterase might be useful for biotechnological applications such as ester synthesis.