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Tomoaki Kato Shigeru Tanabe Marie Nishimura Yuko Ohtake Yoko Nishizawa Takafumi Shimizu Yusuke Jikumaru Jinichiro Koga Kazunori Okada Hisakazu Yamane Eiichi Minami 《Plant molecular biology》2009,70(6):617-625
We analyzed the response of rice to Magnaporthe oryzae infection using two mutant strains deficient in Mgb1 and Mst12, which are essential for the development of appresoria and
penetration pegs. Both mutants induced the much lower levels of accumulation of phytoalexins than wild-type, suggesting that
the massive production of phytoalexins requires the fungal invasion of rice cells. Intense accumulation of H2O2 in a single whole cell also required fungal penetration. Microarray analysis of rice gene expression revealed mutant-specific
gene expression, indicating that signal exchange between rice and M. oryzae commence before fungal penetration of the rice cell. In situ detection of mRNAs for peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase showed that expression of these genes also occurs after penetration as observed for phytoalexin production.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Tomoaki Kato, Shigeru Tanabe, and Marie Nishimura contributed equally to this work.
Accession number of the original microarray data in NCBI is GSE9450. 相似文献
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase OsMPK6 negatively regulates rice disease resistance to bacterial pathogens 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in diverse developmental and physiological processes
of plants, including pathogen-induced defense responses. Although at least 17 rice MAPKs have been identified and more than
half of these MAPK genes have been shown to be pathogen or elicitor responsive, the exact role of most of the MAPKs in host-pathogen
interaction is unknown. Here we report that OsMPK6 is an important regulator in rice disease resistance. Suppressing OsMPK6 or knocking out of OsMPK6 enhanced rice resistance to different races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, causing bacterial blight, one of the most devastating diseases of rice worldwide. The resistant plants showed increased
expression of a subset of defense-responsive genes functioning in the NH1 (an Arabidopsis NPR1 orthologue)-involved defense signal transduction pathway. These results suggest that OsMPK6 functions as a repressor
to regulate rice defense responses upon bacterial invasion.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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A polygalacturonase from the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae strain sb (NRRL 29086), previously shown to be effective in the retting of flax fibers, was shown by the analysis of its
reaction products on polygalacturonic acid to be an endo-type. By zymogram analysis, the enzyme in the crude culture filtrate
appeared as two active species of 37 and 40 kD. The endopolygalacturonase-encoding gene was cloned in Escherichia coli and its translated 383-amino acid sequence found to be identical to that of a presumed exopolygalacturonase found in R. oryzae strain YM9901 and 96% identical to a hypothetical protein (RO3G_04731.1) in the sequenced genome of R. oryzae strain 99–880. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of an unique cluster of Rhizopus polygalacturonase sequences that are separate from other fungal polygalacturonases. Conservation of 12 cysteines appears
to be a special feature of this family of Rhizopus polygalacturonase sequences.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Shuifeng Ye Lei Wang Weibo Xie Bingliang Wan Xianghua Li Yongjun Lin 《Plant molecular biology》2009,70(3):311-325
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) control plant development and response to various stress environments through the
important roles in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling. Thirty-one CDPK genes have been identified in the rice genome by a complete search of the genome based upon HMM profiles. In this study,
the expression of this gene family was analyzed using the Affymetrix rice genome array in three rice cultivars: Minghui 63,
Zhenshan 97, and their hybrid Shanyou 63 independently. Twenty-seven tissues sampled throughout the entire rice life-span
were studied, along with three hormone treatments (GA3, NAA and KT), applied to the seedling at the trefoil stage. All 31
genes were found to be expressed in at least one of the experimental stages studied and revealed diverse expression patterns.
We identified differential expression of the OsCPK genes in the stamen (1 day before flowering), the panicle (at the heading stage), the endosperm (days after pollination)
and also in callus, in all three cultivars. Eight genes, OsCPK2, OsCPK11, OsCPK14, OsCPK22, OsCPK25, OsCPK26, OsCPK27 and OsCPK29 were found dominantly expressed in the panicle and the stamen, and five genes, OsCPK6, OsCPK7, OsCPK12, OsCPK23 and OsCPK31 were up-regulated in the endosperm stage. The OsCPK genes were also found to be regulated in rice seedlings subjected to different hormone treatment conditions, however their
expression were not the same for all varieties. These diverse expression profiles trigger the functional analysis of the CDPK family in rice.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Vitamin E comprises four tocopherols and four tocotrienols, collectively termed tocochromanols that play an essential role as antioxidants in humans, animals and photosynthetic organisms and are also believed to play a role in modulation of signal transduction and gene expression pathways. In rice and Populus genome, we have identified 7 and 11 tocochromanol biosynthesis genes, respectively. A detailed study of domain organization and phylogenetic analysis of these genes in rice, Arabidopsis and other plants has revealed the presence of homologous genes. Expression profiling of rice and Populus genes has been done by full-length cDNA and EST-based analysis. In rice, real-time PCR analysis was done to reveal the light-regulated expression pattern. Microarray-based expression analysis in different rice tissues and developmental stages revealed expression of these genes in almost all plant tissues/organs. Under abiotic stress conditions, expression of gene coding for HPPD enzyme, that regulates pathway flux, was also found to be increased. This information is expected to be helpful for further functional characterization of tocochromanol biosynthesis genes in different plant tissues under diverse growth conditions. 相似文献
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Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, are among the most important pathogens of rice, severely limiting its productivity. Dm-AMP1, an antifungal plant defensin from Dahlia merckii, was expressed in rice (Oryza sativa L. sp. indica cv. Pusa basmati 1) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Expression levels of Dm-AMP1 ranged from 0.43% to 0.57% of total soluble protein in transgenic plants. It was observed that constitutive expression of
Dm-AMP1 suppresses the growth of M. oryzae and R. solani by 84% and 72%, respectively. Transgenic expression of Dm-AMP1 was not accompanied by an induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, indicating that the expression of DmAMP1
directly inhibits the pathogen. The results of in vitro, in planta and microscopic analyses suggest that Dm-AMP1 expression has the potential to provide broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. 相似文献
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Glutamate dehydrogenases (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2~4) are ubiquitous enzymes encoded by GDH genes. So far, at least two GDH members have been characterized in plants, but most members of this family in rice remains to be characterized. Here, we
show that four putative GDH genes (OsGDH1-4) are present in the rice genome. The GDH sequences from rice and other species can be classified into two types (I and II).
OsGDH1-3 belonged to type II genes, whereas OsGDH4 belonged to type I like gene. Our data implied that the expansion rate of type I genes was much slower than that of type
II genes and species-specific expansion contributed to the evolution of type II genes in plants. The expression levels of
the different members of GDH family in rice were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR and microarray analysis. Gene expression patterns revealed
that OsGDH1, OsGDH2, and OsGDH4 are expressed ubiquitously in various tissues, whereas OsGDH3 expression is glumes and stamens specific. The expression of the OsGDH family members responded differentially to nitrogen and phosphorus-deprivation, indicating their roles under such stress
conditions. Implications of the expression patterns with respect to the functions of these genes were discussed.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
Genome sequence analysis of Xanthomonas
oryzae pv. oryzae has revealed a cluster of 12 ORFs that are closely related to the gum gene cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. The gum gene cluster of X. oryzae encodes proteins involved in xanthan production; however, there is little experimental evidence supporting this. In this
study, biochemical analyses of xanthan produced by a defined set of X. oryzae
gum mutant strains allowed us to preliminarily assign functions to most of the gum gene products: biosynthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit for GumD, GumM, GumH, GumK, and GumI, xanthan polymerization
and transport for GumB, GumC, GumE, and GumJ, and modification of the pentasaccharide repeating unit for GumF, GumG, and GumL.
In addition, we found that the exopolysaccharides are essential but not specific for the virulence of X. oryzae.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Sang-Yoon Kim and Jeong-Gu Kim contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
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The cellulose synthase-like (ZmCSL) gene family of maize was annotated and its expression studied in the maize mesocotyl. A total of 28 full-length CSL genes and another 13 partial sequences were annotated; four are predicted to be pseudogenes. Maize has all of the CSL subfamilies that are present in rice, but the CSLC subfamily is expanded from 6 in rice to 12 in maize, and the CSLH subfamily might be reduced from 3 to 1. Unlike rice, maize has a gene in the CSLG subfamily, based on its sequence similarity to two genes annotated as CSLG in poplar. Light regulation of glycan synthase enzyme activities and CSL gene expression were analyzed in the mesocotyl. A Golgi-localized glucan synthase activity is reduced by ~50% 12 h after
exposure to light. β-1,4-Mannan synthase activity is reduced even more strongly (>85%), whereas β-1,4-xylan synthase, callose
synthase, and latent IDPase activity respond only slightly, if at all, to light. At least 17 of the CSL genes (42%) are expressed in the mesocotyl, of which four are up-regulated at least twofold, seven are down-regulated at
least twofold, and six are not affected by light. The results contribute to our understanding of the structure of the CSL gene family in an important food and biofuel plant, show that a large percentage of the CSL genes are expressed in the specialized tissues of the mesocotyl, and demonstrate that members of the CSL gene family are differentially subject to photobiological regulation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
16.
The ankyrin repeat gene family in rice: genome-wide identification,classification and expression profiling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jianyan Huang Xiaobo Zhao Huihui Yu Yidan Ouyang Lei Wang Qifa Zhang 《Plant molecular biology》2009,71(3):207-226
Ankyrin repeat (ANK) containing proteins comprise a large protein family. Although many members of this family have been implicated
in plant growth, development and signal transduction, only a few ANK genes have been reported in rice. In this study, we analyzed
the structures, phylogenetic relationship, genome localizations and expression profiles of 175 ankyrin repeat genes identified
in rice (OsANK). Domain composition analysis suggested OsANK proteins can be classified into ten subfamilies. Chromosomal localizations
of OsANK genes indicated nine segmental duplication events involving 17 genes and 65 OsANK genes were involved in tandem duplications. The expression profiles of 158 OsANK genes were analyzed in 24 tissues covering the whole life cycle of two rice genotypes, Minghui 63 and Zhenshan 97. Sixteen
genes showed preferential expression in given tissues compared to all the other tissues in Minghui 63 and Zhenshan 97. Nine
genes were preferentially expressed in stamen of 1 day before flowering, suggesting that these genes may play important roles
in pollination and fertilization. Expression data of OsANK genes were also obtained with tissues of seedlings subjected to three phytohormone (NAA, GA3 and KT) and light/dark treatments.
Eighteen genes showed differential expression with at least one phytohormone treatment while under light/dark treatments,
13 OsANK genes showed differential expression. Our data provided a very useful reference for cloning and functional analysis of members
of this gene family in rice.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Control of blast and sheath blight diseases of rice using antifungal metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp. PM5 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Vaiyapuri R. Prabavathy Narayanasamy Mathivanan Kandasamy Murugesan 《Biological Control》2006,39(3):313-319
Two antifungal aliphatic compounds, SPM5C-1 and SPM5C-2 with a lactone and ketone carbonyl unit, respectively obtained from Streptomyces sp. PM5 were evaluated under in vitro and in vivo conditions against major rice pathogens, Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani. These compounds were dissolved in distilled water/medium to get the required concentrations. The well diffusion bioassay indicated that the of SPM5C-1 remarkably inhibited the mycelial growth of P. oryzae and R. solani in comparison to SPM5C-2. Though SPM5C-2 showed low antifungal activity against P. oryzae, it was not active against R. solani. Further, SPM5C-1 completely inhibited the growth of P. oryzae and R. solani at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml. Greenhouse experiments revealed that spraying of SPM5C-1 at 500 μg/ml on rice significantly decreased blast and sheath blight development by 76.1% and 82.3%, respectively, as compared to the control with a corresponding increase in rice grain yield. 相似文献
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Jing Zhao Jing Fu Xianghua Li Caiguo Xu Shiping Wang 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,119(2):231-239
Development-controlled resistance and resistance specificity frequently restrict the application of a disease resistance (R) gene in crop breeding programs. Xa3/Xa26 and Xa21, encoding leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-kinase type plasma membrane proteins, mediate race-specific resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes bacterial blight, one of the most devastating rice diseases. Plants carrying Xa3/Xa26 and plants carrying Xa21 have different resistance spectra and the functions of the two R genes are regulated by developmental stage. Four chimeric genes encoding proteins consisting of different parts of XA3/XA26
and XA21 were constructed by domain swapping and transformed into a susceptible rice variety. The resistance spectra and development-regulated
resistance of the transgenic plants carrying Xa3/Xa26, Xa21, or chimeric gene to different Xoo strains were analyzed in the same genetic background. The results suggest that the gradually increased expression of Xa3/Xa26 and Xa21 plays an important role in the progressively enhanced Xoo resistance during rice development. In addition, the LRR domains of XA3/XA26 and XA21 are important determinants of race-specific
recognition during rice–Xoo interaction, but juxtamembrane regions of the two R proteins also appear to contribute to resistance specificity.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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The tomato early fruit specific gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lefsm1</Emphasis> defines a novel class of plant-specific SANT/MYB domain proteins 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barg R Sobolev I Eilon T Gur A Chmelnitsky I Shabtai S Grotewold E Salts Y 《Planta》2005,221(2):197-211
We describe here a novel plant-specific gene, Lefsm1 (fruit SANT/MYB-like 1) harboring a single SANT/MYB domain. The expression of Lefsm1 is specific to the very early stages of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit development. Ectopic expression of Lefsm1 results in severe developmental alterations manifested in retarded growth, and reduced apical dominance during tomato and Arabidopsis seedling development. A promoter sequence residing 1.0 kb upstream to the translation initiation codon confers the organ-specific expression of the gene. Lefsm1 belongs to a novel small gene family consisting of five to six members in tomato, Arabidopsis and rice. The SANT/MYB domain of LeFSM1 and its orthologs in Arabidopsis and rice differs from that of all other plant or animal MYB proteins and from the SANT domains found in part of the chromatin remodeling proteins. Together, our results indicate that Lefsm1 is a founding member of a small family of proteins containing a novel MYB/SANT domain which is likely to participate in the regulation of a plant-specific developmental program. 相似文献