陡坡地毛竹林多花黄精种群生长和生物量分配的坡位效应

为了给毛竹（Phyllostachys edulis（Carr.） H. de Lehaie）林下多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.)复合经营提供理论依据,以林分结构基本一致的陡坡地粗放经营毛竹纯林为对象,调查分析了同一面坡的上坡位、中坡位、下坡位毛竹林下多花黄精种群生长状况和生物量积累与分配规律。结果表明：不同坡位毛竹林下多花黄精种群密度、叶片叶绿素值和叶、根生物量积累及叶、根、地下块茎生物量分配比例均无显著差异。多花黄精株高下坡位、上坡位差异不显著,均显著地高于中坡位。地径下坡位、中坡位差异不显著,均显著地低于上坡位。地上茎生物量中坡位、上坡位无显著差异,均显著地低于下坡位。地下块茎生物量、总生物量积累下坡位显著地高于中坡位,均与上坡位差异不显著。地上茎生物量分配比例下坡位显著地高于上坡位,均与中坡位差异不显著。不同坡位毛竹林下多花黄精生物量分配格局均为地下块茎>根>叶≈地上茎,地下块茎生物量分配比例占70%以上,显著大于生物量分配较为均匀的其它器官。毛竹林下多花黄精种群生长和生物量积累与分配存在着较为明显的坡位效应,在试验毛竹林林分结构和经营水平条件下,宜选择下坡位进行毛竹多花黄精复合经营。     

带状采伐对毛竹林林下植被物种多样性的影响

成本上升、利润下降严重影响毛竹林经济效益及竹农生产积极性,研究毛竹林新型经营管理技术、方法势在必行。本研究通过控制采伐宽度及采伐面积,观测一年恢复期后江苏宜兴国有林场内五种宽度(3 m、5 m、8 m、12 m、15 m)毛竹林带状样地郁闭状态及林下植被物种多样性特征,分析物种多样性对毛竹林采伐宽度及恢复状态的响应机制,研究表明:(1)研究区毛竹林下物种53科95属110种(灌木计37科64属76种,草本计18科30属34种),以蔷薇科、菊科、大戟科、茜草科、百合科、唇形科、禾本科、马鞭草科等为主。(2)物种丰富度随着毛竹郁闭度增加而降低,且人为采伐对物种丰富度(特别是木本植物)有显著促进作用,以8 m和15 m宽度带状样地物种增加最多。(3)带状采伐促进林下植被物种多样性,但降低了林下植被物种均匀度;8 m和15 m宽度带状样地Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Gleason物种丰富度表现优于参考样地毛竹林;五种宽度带状样地林下植被物种均匀度小于参考样地,在相同宽度样地类型中,保留样地比采伐样地物种均匀度高。(4)带状采伐对8 m和15 m宽度采伐样地林下植被生物...     

福建武夷山自然保护区地形对毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)林分布的影响

用PC-ORD4．0软件对保护区内31个毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)林样方进行聚类分析,把毛竹林划分成9类。利用保护区1980年航空相片、1998年和2000年Lnndsat TM卫星影像,并结合保护区森林资源调查资料,绘制武夷山保护区毛竹林分布图。利用保护区1：50000的地形图数字化100m等高距生成数字高程模型(DEM),并从中获取海拔、坡向、坡度等地形参数,对毛竹林分布进行空间叠加分析。结果表明：保护区内毛竹纯林和毛竹一甜槠(Gastanopsis eyrei)林面积最大,分别占毛竹林总面积的40．6％和20．3％。分析毛竹林与海拔的关系时得出,海拔500-700m范围内毛竹林面积最大;随着海拔升高,毛竹林面积逐渐减少,Shannon-Wiener指数(H‘)增加;毛竹最大胸径减小。毛竹在东南坡和西北坡分布的面积比例最大。随着坡度的增加,毛竹分布的面积减少。     

)林分布的影响

用PC-ORD 4.0软件对保护区内31个毛竹 (Phyllostachys pubescens)林样方进行聚类分析,把毛竹林划分成9类。利用保护区1980年航空相片、1998年和2000年Landsat TM卫星影像,并结合保护区森林资源调查资料,绘制武夷山保护区毛竹林分布图。利用保护区1:50000的地形图数字化100 m等高距生成数字高程模型 (DEM),并从中获取海拔、坡向、坡度等地形参数,对毛竹林分布进行空间叠加分析。结果表明： 保护区内毛竹纯林和毛竹—甜槠 (Castanopsis eyrei)林面积最大,分别占毛竹林总面积的40.6%和20.3%。分析毛竹林与海拔的关系时得出,海拔500－700 m范围内毛竹林面积最大; 随着海拔升高,毛竹林面积逐渐减少, Shannon-Wiener指数 (H′)增加; 毛竹最大胸径减小。毛竹在东南坡和西北坡分布的面积比例最大。随着坡度的增加,毛竹分布的面积减少。     

近自然毛竹林空间结构动态变化

2009年7月在浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区,建立了1块100 m×100 m的近自然毛竹林固定标准地,采用相邻网格法进行每竹调查,利用全站仪测量毛竹的三维坐标(X,Y,Z),结合2010—2012年的3次毛竹复查数据,利用角尺度、大小比数和年龄隔离度3个结构指数,分析毛竹林空间结构的动态特征。结果表明:天目山近自然毛竹林大小年现象明显,平均胸径逐年增加;空间分布格局特征表现为2009、2012年毛竹林呈随机分布,2010、2011年毛竹林呈聚集分布;各年份毛竹林角尺度均服从左偏近似正态分布,且各年份的角尺度无显著性差异(P0.05);各年份毛竹林的平均大小比数均接近0.5,林分处于中庸状态;各年份毛竹林大小比数分布频率出现均衡分布特征,林分较稳定,且各年份间的大小比数无显著性差异;各年份毛竹林的年龄多样性及年龄隔离程度均较高;年龄隔离度逐年增加,毛竹小年向大年过渡期毛竹林年龄隔离度有显著性差异(P0.05),大年向小年的过渡期则无显著性差异。     

利用异速生长关系和地统计方法估算武夷山南麓毛竹林生物量

澄清毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)生物量与胸径之间的异速生长关系及毛竹林生物量密度与叶面积指数之间的关系有助于准确估算毛竹林生物量。本文结合异速生长关系和地统计方法对中尺度毛竹林生物量进行估算。利用收获法在武夷山南麓毛竹林分布区砍伐103棵标准竹,并用冠层分析仪获取毛竹林叶面积指数,建立毛竹生物量与胸径、林分生物量密度与叶面积指数的异速生长关系;再利用地统计方法对黄坑镇毛竹林生物量的空间分布进行模拟。结果表明:武夷山南麓毛竹单株生物量与胸径之间存在明显的幂函数关系(R~2=0.585,P=0.002);毛竹林生物量密度与叶面积指数间也存在着显著的幂函数关系(R~2=0.525,P=0.002);利用建立的异速生长方程和地统计方法对黄坑镇毛竹林地上生物量的模拟结果表明,黄坑镇毛竹林平均地上生物量密度为53.49 t·hm~(-2),全镇毛竹林地上生物量约为0.62 Tg。     

不同林龄桉树人工林林下物种多样性和生物量的动态变化

采用空间代替时间法和典型抽样法,以四川省威远县桉树(Eucalyptus robusta)人工林为研究对象,综合分析其林下植被物种组成及重要值、灌木层和草本层地上、地下和全株生物量以及物种多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H、Simpson优势度指数H′、丰富度指数D和Pielou均匀度指数JSW),探究林下植被的物种多样性和生物量在5个不同林龄(4,5,6,7,8年生)下的动态变化及二者之间的相关性。结果表明:调查到植物共有210种,隶属79科151属,草本层物种数多于灌木层。草本层的五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)、芒萁(Dicranop?teris pedata)和灌木层的野牡丹(Melastoma malabathricum)、戟叶悬钩子(Rubus hastifolius)在不同林龄下都占据主要优势地位。随着林龄的增大,郁闭度加大,灌木层的D、H和H′值均表现为先增后减的规律;草本层D、H和H′值均呈先增后减再增再减的双峰趋势。草本层各生物量呈先增后减再增的变化趋势;灌木层各生物量呈先增后减的变化趋势。物种多样性与生物量呈显著正相关,草本层的D、H指数是影响生物量的直接因子。桉树人工林林下植被物种分布、组成、物种多样性和生物量对林龄变化的响应不同,表现为不同的动态特征规律,相关结果为我国西南地区桉树林管理提供了数据支撑。     

不同经营强度条件下毛竹林植物物种多样性的变化

对保护区不同经营强度下的毛竹林的物种组成、α多样性及 β多样性进行研究 ,并与 3个天然植被类型进行对比分析。结果表明 ,毛竹林随着经营强度加大 ,明显表现纯林化过程 ,这一过程以丧失大量壳斗科、樟科和松科等乔木树种为代价 ,乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种组成发生显著的变化。乔木层物种多样性下降 ,灌木层和草本层物种多样性上升 ,灌木和草本物种多样性变化是由于乔木层改变引起的。β多样性反映毛竹林在不同经营强度条件下物种替代速率 ,从毛竹混交林Ⅱ (c类型 ,2 5 %≤毛竹 <5 0 % )向毛竹混交林Ⅰ (b类型 ,5 0 %≤毛竹 <75 % )转变过程中 ,乔木层Sorenson指数最小 ,Cody指数最大 ,说明阔叶或针叶树种在这一过程中大部分已被改造而丧失 ,对保护区物种多样性保护 ,在此阶段之前加以控制和保护才更有现实意义。     

天目山保护区森林群落植物多样性对毛竹入侵的响应及动态变化

为探讨毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)入侵对周围森林群落的影响,作者于2005-2011年在天目山自然保护区进行了7年长期定位观测实验,研究了毛竹入侵地森林群落的植物物种多样性变化.结果表明:毛竹入侵对周围森林群落植物物种多样性产生了不利影响:毛竹林乔木层和灌木层植物的Simpson指数小于针阔混交林和毛竹-针阔混交林,而草本层的Simpson指数则大于针阔混交林和毛竹-针阔混交林.植物物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数随时间发生了较大变化:毛竹入侵的森林群落其乔木层和灌木层的物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数显著降低(P＜0.05),草本层的物种丰富度显著提高(P＜0.05),Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数未表现出明显的变化.毛竹-针阔混交林去除毛竹后,乔木层和灌木层物种丰富度和Simpson指数增加,草本层物种丰富度、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数明显下降.可见,毛竹入侵使森林群落植物多样性发生实质性的变化,对自然保护区植物群落造成了重大影响.由此可见,要使保护区物种多样性得到保护,除进行科学的管理外,还需要控制毛竹蔓延.     

封育年限对毛竹林群落结构和林下植物多样性的影响

为探讨自然封育对毛竹林群落结构和林下植物多样性的影响,采用空间代替时间的方法,以浙江省杭州市余杭区常规经营(0年)和不同封育年限(10,20,30年)的毛竹林为对象,对毛竹林分结构和林下植物多样性进行了全面研究。结果表明:随着封育年限的延长,竹林密度增大,胸径变小;封育毛竹林中2度以上活立竹的密度显著高于常规经营(P<0.05),枯立竹的密度随着封育年限的延长而显著增加(P<0.05);封育20年后的2度以上活立竹和枯立竹的胸径显著减小(P<0.05)。封育0,10,20,30年的毛竹林下灌木种类分别为68,35,58,77种,而草本植物种类则分别为64,23,31,44种。封育10年的林下灌木的Simpson指数显著低于其他林分(P<0.05),封育20年后的Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于前期年份(P<0.05),封育显著提高了Pielou指数(P<0.05);封育显著降低了草本植物的Simpson指数(P<0.05),常规经营林下草本多样性指数Shannon-Wiener显著高于封育20年后的林分(P<0.05),封育10年...     

Solution-mediated syntheses and characterizations of two new zincophosphites [C6H14N2]0.5[Zn(H2PO3)2] and [C4H12N2]0.5[(CH3)2NH2][Zn2(HPO3)3]

Two new zincophosphites [C₆H₁₄N₂]_0.5[Zn(H₂PO₃)₂] 1 and [C₄H₁₂N₂]_0.5[(CH₃)₂NH₂][Zn₂(HPO₃)₃] 2 have been solvothermally synthesized in mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1,4-dioxane (DOA), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits a neutral inorganic chain formed by ZnO₄ and HPO₂(OH) units. Interestingly, the left- and right-handed hydrogen-bonded helical chains are alternately formed via the hydrogen-bonds between two adjacent chains. Compound 2 exhibits a layer structure with 4- and 12-MRs formed by ZnO₄ and HPO₃ units, in which two kinds of organic amine molecules both act as countercations to compensate the overall negative electrostatic charge of the anionic network.     

New preparations and molecular structures of cis-MCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2, M = Ru,Os and trans-RuCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2

The title compounds were made by reacting bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) with reduced solutions of OsCl₆^4? and Ru₂OCl₁₀^4?. The crystal and molecular structures of these compounds have been determined form three-dimensional X-ray study. The cis-isomers crystallize with one CHCl₃ per molecule of the complex. All three compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with unit cell dimensions as follows: Cis-OsCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃: a = 13.415(4) Å, b = 22.859(4) Å, c = 16.693(3) Å, β = 105.77(3)°, V = 4926(3) ų, Z = 4. cis-RuCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃: a = 13.442(3) Å, b = 22.833(7) Å, c = 16.750(4) Å, β = 105.53(2)°, V = 4953(3) ų, Z = 4. trans-RuCl₂(dppm)₂: a = 11.368(7) Å, b = 10.656(6) Å, c = 18.832(12) Å; β = 103.90(6)°, V = 2213(7) ų; Z = 2. The structures were refined to R = 0.044 (R_w = 0.055) for cis-OsCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃; R = 0.065 (R_w = 0.079) for cis-RuCl₂(dppm)₂·CHCl₃ and R = 0.028 (R_w = 0.038) for trans-RuCl₂(dppm)₂. The complexes are six coordinate with stable four-membered chelate rings. The PMP angle in the chelate rings is ca. 71° in each case.     

Selective synthesis of triangular cluster oxido-sulfidocomplexes of Mo and W: High yield preparations of [Mo3O2S2(H2O)9], [W3O2S2(H2O)9], [W2MoO2S2(H2O)9] and their derivatization

Reaction of [Mo₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with Mo(CO)₆ or metallic Mo under hydrothermal conditions (140 °C, 4 M HCl) gives oxido-sulfido cluster aqua complex [Mo₃(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (1). Similarly, [W₃(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (2) is obtained from [W₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and W(CO)₆. While reaction of [Mo₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with W(CO)₆ mainly proceeds as simple reduction to give 1, [W₂O₂(μ-S)₂(H₂O)₆]²⁺ with Mo(CO)₆ produces new mixed-metal cluster [W₂Mo(μ₃-S)(μ-O)₂(μ-S)(H₂O)₉]⁴⁺ (3) as main product. From solutions of 1 in HCl supramolecular adduct with cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) {[Mo₃O₂S₂(H₂O)₆Cl₃]₂CB[6]}Cl₂⋅18H₂O (4) was isolated and structurally characterized. The aqua complexes were converted into acetylacetonates [M₃O₂S₂(acac)₃(py)₃]PF₆ (M₃ = Mo₃, W₃, W₂Mo; 5a-c), which were characterized by X-ray single crystal analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Crystal structure of (H₅O₂)(Me₄N)₄[W₃(μ₃-S)(μ₂-S)(μ₂-O)₂(NCS)₉] (6), obtained from 2, is also reported.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of the MgCl2(CH3COOC2H5)2· (CH3COOC2H5) adduct

The reaction of α-MgCl₂ with boiling ethyl acetate affords MgCI₂(CH₃COOC₂H₅)₂· (CH₃COOC₂H₅), which is obtained as crystals suitable for X-ray analysis only from the mother liquor. M=315.5, orthorhombic, space group P2₁22₁ (No. 18), a=25.077(3), b=8.616(1), c=7.345(1) Å, V=1587.0(3) ų, Z=4, D_x=1.32 g cm⁻³,λ A(Mo Kα)=0.71069 Å, μ=4.17 cm⁻¹, F(000)=664, T=298 K, observed reflections: 1667, R=0.059 and R_w=0.069. The structure is composed of polymeric chains of MgCl₂(CH₃COOC₂H₅₎₂ and the ethyl acetate molecules occupy a mutually trans position.     

Synthesis of tantalum and niobium complexes that contain the diamidoamine ligand, [(3,4,5-F3C6H2NCH2CH2)2NMe], and the triamidoamine ligand, [(3,5-Cl2C6H3NCH2CH2)3N]

Several niobium and tantalum compounds were prepared that contain either the diamidoamine ligand, [(3,4,5-F₃C₆H₂NCH₂CH₂)₂NMe]²⁻ ([F₃N₂NMe]²⁻), or the triamidoamine ligand, [(3,5-Cl₂C₆H₃NCH₂CH₂)₃N]³⁻ ([Cl₂N₂NMe]³⁻). The former include [F₃N₂NMe]TaCl₃, [F₃N₂NMe]NbCl₃, [F₃N₂NMe]TaMe₃, [F₃N₂NMe]NbMe₃, [(F₃N₂NMe)TaMe₂][MeB(C₆F₅)₃], [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CHSiMe₃)(CH₂SiMe₃), [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CH₂-t-Bu)Cl₂, [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CH-t-Bu)(CH₃), and [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄)(CH₂CH₃). The latter include [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaCl₂, [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaMe₂, [Cl₂N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄), and [Cl₂N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₂).X-ray diffraction studies were carried out on [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(CHSiMe₃)(CH₂SiMe₃), [F₃N₂NMe]Ta(η²-C₂H₄)(CH₂CH₃), and [Cl₂N₂NMe]TaMe_2..     

Crystal structures of MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2 and mixtures of MoCl2(O2)(OPPh3)2 and MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPPh3)2: allylic alcohol isomerization studies using MoCl2(O)(O2)(OPMePh2)2

Adding one equivalent of H₂O₂ to compounds of stoichiometry MoCl₂(O)₂(OPR₃)₂, OPR₃ = OPMePh₂ or OPPh₃, leads to the formation of oxo-peroxo compounds MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPR₃)₂. The compound MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPMePh₂)₂ crystallized with an unequal disorder, 63%:37%, between the oxo and peroxo ligands, as verified by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, and can be isolated in reasonable yields. MoCl₂(O)(O₂)(OPPh₃)₂, was not isolated in pure form, co-crystallized with MoCl₂(O)₂(OPPh₃)₂ in two ratios, 18%:82% and 12%:88%, respectively, and did not contain any disorder in the arrangement of the oxo and peroxo groups. These complexes accomplish the isomerization of various allylic alcohols. A mechanism of this reaction has been constructed based on ¹⁸O isotopic studies and involves exchange between the alcohol and metal bonded O atoms.     

p-Quinquephenyl diamine, C6H5-p-C6H4-p-C6H2(2,3-NH2)-p-C6H4-C6H5, and its corresponding diimine-Ru(II) complex: Crystal structure and electrochemical and optical properties

The molecular structure of an o-phenylenediamine unit-containing oligophenylene (1), Ph-Ph′-Ph′(2,3-NH₂)-Ph′-Ph (Ph = phenyl; Ph′ = p-phenylene; Ph′(2,3-NH₂) = 2,3-diamino-p-phenylene), was determined by X-ray crystallography. 1 has a twisted structure, and forms an intermolecular C-H?π interaction network. The -NH₂ group of 1 was air-oxidized to an imine, NH, group in the presence of [RuCl₂(bpy)₂] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl) and gave a ruthenium(II)-benzoquinone diimine complex [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ (2: Ph-Ph′-Ph′(2,3-imine)-Ph′-Ph). The molecular structure of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ underwent two-step electrochemical reduction with E^1/2 = −0.889 V and −1.531 V versus Fc⁺/Fc. The E^1/2’s were located at higher potentials by 91 mV and 117 mV, respectively, than those of reported [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ (bqdi = benzoquinone diimine). Electrochemical oxidation of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ occurred at a lower potential by 180 mV than that of [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂. Occurrence of the easier reduction and oxidation of [Ru(2)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ than those of [Ru(bqdi)(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ is ascribed to the presence of a large π-conjugation system in 2.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of an open framework Co0.7Zn1.3(PO4)2(NH3-CH2CH2NH3) and Co6.2(OH)4(PO4)4Zn1.80, a new adamite type phase

The hydrothermal reaction of cobalt(II)oxalate di-hydrate, zinc oxide, and triethyl-orthophosphate, using 1,2-diaminoethane as structure directing template in water, produced two major crystal phases in almost equal amount: the purple crystals of [NH₃-CH₂CH₂NH₃][Co_0.7Zn_1.3(PO₄)₂] (1) and the red burgundy crystals of Co_6.2(OH)₄(PO₄)₄Zn_1.80 (2), a new adamite type phase. The structure of [NH₃-CH₂CH₂NH₃] [Co_0.7Zn_1.3(PO₄)₂] (1) exhibits a 3D open framework built from PO₄ and (Co/Zn)O₄ tetrahedra, and (Co/Zn)O₅ trigonal bipyramids, forming two major channels, an 8-membered ring channel and a 16-membered ring channel, that host the ethanediammonium ions. The Co_6.2(OH)₄(PO₄)₄Zn_1.80 (2) is isomorphous with adamite-type M₂(OH)XO₄ structure, with a condensed vertex and edge sharing network of (Co/Zn)O₅, and distorted CoO₆, and PO₄ subunits. The cobalt preference for higher coordination numbers is displayed in this structure, where the octahedral sites are wholly occupied by cobalt. Thermal analysis confirmed that these compounds display high thermal stability.     

Metal-organophosphonates: hydrothermal synthesis and structures of [Cu(O3PC10H6CO2H)] and [Cu(bpy)(HO3PC10H6CO2)] (H2O3PC10H6CO2H = 2,6-carboxynaphthalene phosphonic acid)

Hydrothermal methods were used to prepare [Cu(O₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂H)] (1) and [Cu(bpy)(HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂)]·2H₂O (2·2H₂O), where H₂O₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂H is 2,6-carboxynaphthalene phosphonic acid (H₃cnp). The two-dimensional structure of 1 consists of layers of edge-sharing {CuO₆} octahedra, producing an AlCl₃- type structure of fused hexagonal rings of copper octahedra, enclosing voids of hexagonal profile. The layer composition is CuO₃ or CuO₆/₂ as each oxygen bridges two copper sites. The Hcnp ligands project from either face of the copper “oxide” layer. Adjacent layers interact through hydrogen bonding interactions between the pendant -CO₂H groups of the ligand. Coordination of the bipyridine ligand in [Cu(HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂)] (2) obstructs expansion in two-dimensions, and the material exhibits a chain structure. The chain is constructed of binuclear units of edge-sharing ‘4+1’ {CuO₃N₂} square pyramids linked through the dipodal {HO₃PC₁₀H₆CO₂}²⁻ ligands.