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1.
Robin E. Owen L. Janice Mydynski Laurence Packer David B. McCorquodale 《Biochemical genetics》1992,30(9-10):443-453
Allozyme variation at an average of 37.3 loci was assessed in queens of 16 Bombus and 2 Psithyrus bumble bee species from North America. The mean expected heterozygosity (H) for the Bombus species was 0.008 +/- 0.006 (95% confidence limits) and that for the Psithyrus was 0.007 +/- 0.007. These levels are significantly lower than found in other Hymenoptera but are comparable to those found in previous studies of bumble bees based on far fewer loci. Neutral mutation and random genetic drift can account for the observed variation, but this implies a very small effective population size for species of bumble bees. 相似文献
2.
J. COUGHLAN L. MIRIMIN E. DILLANE E. ROGAN T. F. CROSS 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(2):490-492
Seven tetranucleotide and three dinucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated from the short‐beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). Number of alleles and observed heterozygosity ranged from three to twelve (mean 8.4) and from 0.087 to 0.978 (mean 0.741), respectively. All loci were tested in four other odontocete species and showed polymorphisms in most locus–species combinations. This panel of nuclear markers will be useful for the investigation of population ecology and social interactions in common dolphins and other cetacean species. 相似文献
3.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the flat‐headed bat (Tylonycteris pachypus)
P. Y. HUA J. P. CHEN L. B. ZHANG B. LIANG S. J. ROSSITER S. Y. ZHANG 《Molecular ecology resources》2007,7(3):486-488
Microsatellite loci were developed in the flat‐headed bat (Tylonycteris pachypus) from genomic DNA using an enriched library method. Nine loci were tested on 48 individuals sampled from Guangxi Province, China. The mean number of observed alleles per locus was 6.4 (range 4–12). Observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.24 to 0.83 and from 0.30 to 0.89, respectively. One locus revealed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and no significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between loci pairs. These markers will be used to examine genetic structure and parentage analysis in this species. 相似文献
4.
We isolated eight novel polymorphic microsatellite loci from Pteridium aquilinum. These loci were characterized in 30 individuals, one from Bolivia, two from Peru, one from the USA, one from Japan, and 25 from Northeast China to Southwest China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven. The observed heterozygosity (H(O) ) ranged from 0.000 to 0.600 with an average of 0.3051, and the expected heterozygosity (H(E) ) ranged from 0.0966 to 0.7780 with an average of 0.4267. One locus deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and four pairs of loci were found to be in linkage disequilibrium. These polymorphic loci will be useful in the study of the population genetic structure of Pteridium. 相似文献
5.
The origin of eusociality is often regarded as a change of macroevolutionary proportions [1, 2]. Its hallmark is a reproductive division of labor between the members of a society: some individuals ("helpers" or "workers") forfeit their own reproduction to rear offspring of others ("queens"). In the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps), there have been many transitions in both directions between solitary nesting and sociality [2-5]. How have such transitions occurred? One possibility is that multiple transitions represent repeated evolutionary gains and losses of the traits underpinning sociality. A second possibility, however, is that once sociality has evolved, subsequent transitions represent selection at just one or a small number of loci controlling developmental switches between preexisting alternative phenotypes [2, 6]. We might then expect transitional populations that can express either sociality or solitary nesting, depending on environmental conditions. Here, we use field transplants to directly induce transitions in British and Irish populations of the sweat bee Halictus rubicundus. Individual variation in social phenotype was linked to time available for offspring production, and to the genetic benefits of sociality, suggesting that helping was not simply misplaced parental care [7]. We thereby demonstrate that sociality itself can be truly plastic in a hymenopteran. 相似文献
6.
We developed a set of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci for black‐breasted wood‐quail, Odontophorus leucolaemus. We screened 50 individuals from Monteverde, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica and found that locus‐specific allelic diversity ranges from two to 15 alleles (mean 10.2) and observed heterozygosity ranges from 0.24 to 0.96 (mean 0.78). These markers appear to be useful in other members of the Odontophorus genus. 相似文献
7.
AMRO ZAYED 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(4):1154-1156
Microsatellite loci were isolated from two solitary sweat bees: the polylectic Lasioglossum leucozonium (10 loci) and the oligolectic Lasioglossum oenotherae (9 loci) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). All loci were polymorphic with high observed heterozygosities (0.07–0.75 for L. leucozonium; 0.06–0.92 for L. oenotherae). These loci will be used to study the consequences of diet specialization on the population and conservation genetics of bees. 相似文献
8.
Codonopsis pilosula Nannf., as an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant species, has been used to treat fatigue, thirst and loss of appetite.
In this study, we developed 10 new microsatellite loci primers from the genome of this species using the combined biotin capture
method. The polymorphism of each locus was further assessed through 27 individuals from four geographically distant populations.
The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 11. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.15 to 0.24 and
0.27 to 0.40, respectively. We further performed cross-priming tests of these loci in the other three congeneric species.
These microsatellite markers will be useful for investigating genetic diversity within and between populations of these species. 相似文献
9.
Epimedium sagittatum is a well-known medicinal plant as well as potential ground cover and ornamental plant. A total of 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for use in taxonomy, phylogenetics and conservation genetics. Markers were presented between two and eight alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity (H(O) ) and expected heterozygosity (H(E) ) ranged from 0.03 to 0.81 and from 0.05 to 0.81, respectively. Cross-amplification among other four medicinal species revealed promising results in three to six polymorphic loci. These microsatellite loci contributed to the limited number of useful markers currently available for E. sagittatum. 相似文献
10.
Dawson's burrowing bee is a large, fast-flying solitary nesting bee endemic to the arid zone of Western Australia. In this study the population structure of the species was examined with molecular markers. Using eight microsatellite loci, we genotyped 531 adult female bees collected from 13 populations of Dawson's burrowing bee, Amegilla dawsoni, across the species range. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 38 and expected heterozygosity was uniformly high with a mean of 0.602. Pairwise comparisons of F(ST) among all 13 populations ranged from 0.0071 to 0.0122 with only one significant estimate and an overall F(ST) of 0.001. The entire sample collection was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and there was no evidence of inbreeding with a mean F(IS) of 0.010. The mating and nesting behaviour of this bee suggests that gene flow would be limited by monandry and the fact that almost 90% of females mate immediately on emergence. Nevertheless there is obviously sufficient gene flow to maintain panmixia, and we suggest that this results from infrequent and unreliable rainfall in the species range, which causes the bees to congregate at limited food resources, allowing a small number of unmated females from one emergence site to come into contact with males from another population. In addition, when drought eliminates food resources near an emergence site, the whole population may move elsewhere, increasing gene flow across the species range. 相似文献
11.
Yinhua Huang Jianfeng Tu Xuebo Cheng Bo Tang Xiaoxiang Hu Zhaoliang Liu Jidong Feng Yankun Lou Li Lin Ke Xu Yulong Zhao Ning Li 《遗传、选种与进化》2005,37(5):455-472
In order to study duck microsatellites, we constructed a library enriched for (CA)n, (CAG)n, (GCC)n and (TTTC)n. A total of 35 pairs of primers from these microsatellites were developed and used to detect polymorphisms in 31 unrelated Peking ducks. Twenty-eight loci were polymorphic and seven loci were monomorphic. A total of 117 alleles were observed from these polymorphic microsatellite markers, which ranged from 2 to 14 with an average of 4.18 per locus. The frequencies of the 117 alleles ranged from 0.02 to 0.98. The highest heterozygosity (0.97) was observed at the CAUD019 microsatellite locus and the lowest heterozygosity (0.04) at the CAUD008 locus, and 11 loci had heterozygosities greater than 0.50 (46.43%). The polymorphism information content (PIC) of 28 loci ranged from 0.04 to 0.88 with an average of 0.42. All the above markers were used to screen the polymorphism in other bird species. Two markers produced specific monomorphic products with the chicken DNA. Fourteen markers generated specific fragments with the goose DNA: 5 were polymorphic and 9 were monomorphic. But no specific product was detected with the peacock DNA. Based on sequence comparisons of the flanking sequence and repeat, we conclude that 2 chicken loci and 14 goose loci were true homologous loci of the duck loci. The microsatellite markers identified and characterized in the present study will contribute to the genetic map, quantitative traits mapping, and phylogenetic analysis in the duck and goose. 相似文献
12.
Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the northern pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pinivora) and tested for cross-amplification in seven other species within the Thaumetopoea family. Number of alleles ranged from two to 10 when at least 28 individuals from one population were screened and one locus, Thapin06, appears to be sex linked. Expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.094 to 0.856 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.097 to 0.806. Amplification success varied between sister species, with two up to seven loci being successfully amplified. The described loci will be valuable for studying the population genetic structure and dispersal behaviour of this forest pest. 相似文献
13.
Quinn S. McFrederick Jamie J. Cannone Robin R. Gutell Katrin Kellner Robert M. Plowes Ulrich G. Mueller 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2013,79(6):1803-1812
Lactobacilli (Lactobacillales: Lactobacillaceae) are well known for their roles in food fermentation, as probiotics, and in human health, but they can also be dominant members of the microbiota of some species of Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps). Honey bees and bumble bees associate with host-specific lactobacilli, and some evidence suggests that these lactobacilli are important for bee health. Social transmission helps maintain associations between these bees and their respective microbiota. To determine whether lactobacilli associated with social hymenopteran hosts are generally host specific, we gathered publicly available Lactobacillus 16S rRNA gene sequences, along with Lactobacillus sequences from 454 pyrosequencing surveys of six other hymenopteran species (three sweat bees and three ants). We determined the comparative secondary structural models of 16S rRNA, which allowed us to accurately align the entire 16S rRNA gene, including fast-evolving regions. BLAST searches and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic reconstructions confirmed that honey and bumble bees have host-specific Lactobacillus associates. Regardless of colony size or within-colony oral sharing of food (trophallaxis), sweat bees and ants associate with lactobacilli that are closely related to those found in vertebrate hosts or in diverse environments. Why honey and bumble bees associate with host-specific lactobacilli while other social Hymenoptera do not remains an open question. Lactobacilli are known to inhibit the growth of other microbes and can be beneficial whether they are coevolved with their host or are recruited by the host from environmental sources through mechanisms of partner choice. 相似文献
14.
We report the development and characterization of three new microsatellite markers in the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae). Fifty-eight alleles were scored in 192 individuals representing six natural populations. Allelic diversity ranged from 9 to 28 alleles per locus (mean 19.3 +/- 5.5). Averaged across loci, observed heterozygosity was 0.581 +/- 0.209, and expected heterozygosity was 0.619 +/- 0.181. Cross-species amplifications of the G. pallidipes loci in other tsetse fly taxa are reported. 相似文献
15.
We have isolated and characterized seven polymorphic microsatellite loci in the white‐winged chough (Corcorax melanorhamphos), a highly social, cooperatively breeding bird of Australian eucalypt woodlands. In analyses of 100 samples from 16 family groups, the number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 18, and observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.46 and 0.93. One locus appears to be sex‐linked. The primers were also tested in apostlebirds (Struthidera cinerea), the only other species in the subfamily Corcoracinae. Five loci were successfully amplified and three were polymorphic. 相似文献
16.
Belén G. Pardo Almudena López Paulino Martínez Carmen Bouza 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(5):1243-1245
The long-snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus is one of the two European seahorse species. We describe the isolation of the first 12 microsatellite loci in this threatened
species. These new markers were tested in non-invasive samples of 32 seahorses from NW Spain. The number of alleles ranged
from 2 to 15 (mean: 6.3) and expected heterozygosity from 0.031 to 0.912 (mean: 0.500). All loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg
expectations and no genotypic disequilibrium was observed between any pair of loci. The theoretical exclusion probabilities
for this set of loci, when no parental information exists or when one parent is known, were 0.973 and 0.998, respectively.
This study indicates the usefulness of these novel loci for population analysis and kinship studies in Hippocampus guttulatus. Their potential application is extended to the other European seahorse species, since all loci were successfully cross-amplified
in H. hippocampus. 相似文献
17.
The chokka squid, Loligo reynaudii, is the target of a commercially valuable fishery in South Africa, but little information is available on population structure and mating system. We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers using both standard nonenrichment and enrichment protocols. Numbers of alleles per locus ranged from 11 to 30, and levels of expected heterozygosity ranged between 0.77 and 0.98. Three loci developed using an enriched library displayed significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg genotype proportions suggesting high frequencies of null alleles. The remaining loci should prove useful for population and parentage studies. 相似文献
18.
Hye Suck An Jung Youn Park Mi-Jung Kim Eun Young Lee Kyung Kil Kim 《Conservation Genetics》2009,10(6):1969-1972
Here we report development and characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci from Sebastes schlegel. Polymorphism at these loci revealed from 3 to 23 alleles. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.34 to 1.00, and the
expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.31 to 0.95. No linkage disequibrium was found. Two loci were significantly deviated
from HWE (P < 0.01). The 14 loci were also surveyed in four other Sebastes species and 12 loci successfully amplified, where allelic diversity ranged from highly polymorphic to monomorphic. These
results demonstrate these microsatellite markers can be used for the study of intra- and inter-specific genetic diversity. 相似文献
19.
Eighteen microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized using an enrichment protocol in the Chinese mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky), a commercially important piscivorous fish in China. Out of 48 pairs of primers designed, 18 loci exhibited polymorphism with three to six alleles (mean 4.4 alleles/locus) and average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.633 to 0.833 (mean 0.748) in a test population from Dongting Lake of China. Except for two loci, all other 16 loci were in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These markers would be useful for such studies as population genetics, ecology and selective breeding of the Chinese mandarin fish in future. 相似文献
20.
Lopes DM DA Silva FO Fernandes Salomão TM Campos LA Tavares MG 《Molecular ecology resources》2009,9(3):923-925
Eight microsatellite primers were developed from ISSR (intersimple sequence repeats) markers for the stingless bee Melipona rufiventris. These primers were tested in 20 M. rufiventris workers, representing a single population from Minas Gerais state. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5 (mean = 2.63) and the observed and expected heterozygosity values ranged from 0.00 to 0.44 (mean = 0.20) and from 0.05 to 0.68 (mean = 0.31), respectively. Several loci were also polymorphic in M. quadrifasciata, M. bicolor, M. mandacaia and Partamona helleri and should prove useful in population studies of other stingless bees. 相似文献