低氧促进大鼠心脏成纤维细胞DNA合成及Ⅰ、Ⅲ胶原mRNA表达

目的:研究低氧(2%氧)对成年Wistar大鼠心脏成纤维细胞DNA合成及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原前a肽链表达的影响.方法:分离培养成年Wistar大鼠心脏成纤维细胞,采用液体闪烁计数方法检测心脏成纤维细胞的DNA合成速率,采用原位杂交技术检测Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原前α肽链mRNA的表达.结果:成年Wistar大鼠心脏成纤维细胞在低氧第6h、12 h时3H-TdR掺入量较常氧组显著增加,分别增加34%(P＜0.05)和36%(P＜0.01);低氧第4 h、8 h、12 h Ⅰ型胶原前α肽链mRNA表达显著高于常氧培养的细胞;低氧第2 h,Ⅲ型胶原前α肽链mRNA表达显著高于常氧培养的细胞.结论:低氧能够直接促进体外培养的成年Wistar大鼠心脏成纤维细胞DNA合成和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原前α肽链表达,提示低氧对心脏成纤维细胞生长和胶原表达的直接调节可能是低氧性心肌纤维化的重要机制.     

回转模拟失重对心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原代谢的影响

为探讨模拟失重对心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原代谢的影响 ,本研究采用回转器模拟失重效应 ,通过免疫细胞化学和反转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)研究了回转模拟失重对原代培养的新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白及mRNA表达 ,以及胶原降解抑制物———金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 (Tissueinhibitorofmetallopro teinase ,TIMP)mRNA表达的影响。免疫细胞化学染色显示回转组Ⅰ型胶原蛋白沉积增加 ;RT PCR分析显示Ⅰ型胶原α1链 (TypeⅠcollagenα1chain ,ColⅠA1)mRNA表达没有明显变化 ,TIMP 1、TIMP 2及TIMP 3的mRNA表达均增强。提示在回转模拟失重条件下 ,心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白沉积增加 ,作为胶原降解抑制物的TIMP可能是造成胶原沉积的原因     

实验性石棉肺病变中Ⅰ型及Ⅲ型胶原基因表达的研究

以斑点杂交法测定染溫石棉尘后30天与60天大鼠肺组织中前胶原mRNA的水平,即proα_1(Ⅰ)、proα_2(Ⅰ)、proα_1(Ⅲ)mRNA的水平,并与正常大鼠肺组织对比,结果显示,染石棉尘的肺组织中这三种mRNA显著地高于正常对照组。在染尘后60天时Ⅰ型胶原的两种mRNA仍呈上升趋势,而Ⅲ型胶原的mRNA则呈稳定状态。体外实验的结果表明溫石棉及青石棉纤维都可以刺激2BS细胞中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原基因的表达。矽肺组织来源的致纤维化因子与石棉纤维都具有促进胶原基因表达的作用,其共同作用效果更強。证明这两种因素都参与调节石棉肺的纤维化作用。     

SAHA对TGF-β诱导人胚肺成纤维细胞α-SMA蛋白及前胶原蛋白mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨在转化生长因子-β 1(TGF-β1)刺激下,组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA)对人胚肺成纤维细胞系HELF向肌成纤维细胞(MF)分化时,α-SMA蛋白及前胶原蛋白mRNA表达的影响.方法:体外培养人胚肺成纤维细胞系HELF,并根据不同的实验目的分为空白对照组,TGF-β1处理组以及SAHA干预组.细胞处理结束后,用Western blot检测α-SMA表达,RT-PCR检测Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原的mRNA表达水平.结果:空白对照组中几乎无α-SMA蛋白表达,TGF-β1处理后α-SMA水平显著增高,而SAHA能有效降低α-SMA的水平.SAHA孵育24h后,能够明显抑制TGF-βl刺激后的细胞表达Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型前胶原蛋白mRNA,并且具有明显的剂量依赖性.结论:SAHA能降低TGF-βl诱导HELF细胞向MF转化时α-SMA表达以及前胶原蛋白表达.     

依帕司他对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的干预作用及其机制

目的:观察依帕司他(EPS)对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠间质纤维化的保护作用及其机制。方法:实验设假手术组(Sham)组、UUO、UUO+EPS(50 mg/kg)及UUO+EPS(100 mg/kg)剂量组,每组n=8。左侧输尿管结扎制备UUO大鼠模型。造模后连续灌胃给药3周,sham和UUO组给予等体积的羟甲基纤维素钠。HE和Masson染色观察肾组织病理变化及胶原沉积情况。免疫组化法观察肾组织醛糖还原酶(AR)表达情况,分别采用real-time PCR和(或) Western blot检测肾脏I型胶原(collagen I)、III型胶原(collagen III)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、成纤维细胞特异蛋白-1(FSP-1)、纤连蛋白(FN)、E-钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)、转化生成因子-β1(TGF-β1)和AR mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:与Sham组相比,UUO组大鼠小管上皮细胞萎缩、空泡样变性,肾间质成纤维细胞及肌成纤维细胞大量增殖并伴大量炎症细胞浸润,胶原沉积明显增加,collagen I、collagen III、TGF-β1和AR mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),同时EMT标志性蛋白α-SMA、FSP-1、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),而E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低。与UUO组相比,经EPS治疗3周后,肾间质纤维化程度明显减轻,胶原沉积明显减少,collagen I、collagen III、TGF-β1和AR mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),另外α-SMA、FSP-1、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),而E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),而且100 mg/kg剂量组上述指标的改变均好于低剂量组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:依帕司他对肾间质纤维化具有一定的改善作用,其机制可能与其抑制TGF-β1介导的AR表达、进而抑制大鼠肾小管上皮细胞EMT有关。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对牙周膜细胞内核心蛋白多糖基因表达的影响

利用外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor,bFGF)刺激体外培养的人正常牙周膜细胞.采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测细胞内decorin的基因表达的变化,研究bFGF对体外培养的人牙周膜细胞内核心蛋白多糖(decorin)的作用,进一步探讨bFGF抑制Ⅰ型胶原的作用机制.发现bFGF刺激牙周膜细胞后能促进牙周膜细胞的增殖,bFGF抑制decorin的合成是bFGF促进牙周膜细胞增殖的重要调节因素之一.     

佛波酯(TPA)促进NIH3T3细胞α5β1整合蛋白的合成

佛波酯(TPA)是潜在促肿瘤剂,也是蛋白激酶PKC激活剂.TPA能在极低浓度下替代DG激活PKC,从而导致一系列细胞功能变化.应用100nmol/LTPA作用于NIH3T3细胞,观察NIH3T3细胞的粘附变化,发现TPA可促进NIH3T3细胞与基质纤连蛋白的粘附,进一步研究Fn的主要受体α5β1整合蛋白在细胞表面含量,发现TPA作用24h使α5及β1含量分别增加523%和516%.应用3H甘露糖标记N糖链和凝集素柱层析方法分析TPA作用后细胞N糖链总量和组分比,结果均与对照组相仿,说明是通过增加细胞合成整合蛋白α5及β1亚基含量实现的.在TPA作用于细胞的同时,加入PKC抑制剂Sphingosine,发现α5、β1含量和细胞与Fn的粘附均回复至对照组水平,提示TPA增加α5β1整合蛋白合成而增加的细胞与Fn粘附作用,是由PKC介导完成的.此外还发现酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂也阻断TPA增加α5β1整合蛋白含量的作用.     

甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白对心肌成纤维细胞增殖的影响

目的：观察外源性甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白（1—40）（PTHrp（1-40））对原代培养新生Wistar鼠心肌成纤维细胞（CFs）增殖及胶原合成的影响。方法：分离、培养Wistar乳鼠心肌成纤维细胞,加入不同浓度的PTHrp（1-40）共培养,用四氮唑盐比色法（MTT法）和^3H—TdR掺入法检测细胞增殖;^3H—Proline掺入法测定胶原合成。结果随着一定浓度PTHrp（1-40）的升高,CFs MTT法A490值及^3H—TdR的掺入量,^3H-脯氨酸掺入率呈明显的递减趋势。结论：PTHrp在一定程度上可抑制成纤维细胞增殖及细胞外基质的沉积。     

1α,25(OH)_2D_3对大鼠关节软骨细胞蛋白聚糖和蛋白聚糖酶代谢的调节作用

目的在细胞水平,探讨1α,25(OH)_2D_3对受到多种促炎症因子干预的大鼠关节软骨细胞蛋白聚糖合成和分解的调节作用。方法分别使用促炎症因子IL-1α、IL-1β及TNF-α对大鼠关节软骨细胞进行炎症诱导,使用不同剂量的1α,25(OH)_2D_3对正常及炎症状态下的软骨细胞进行干预,使用CCK8、流式细胞术分析、real time-PCR及western blot等方法分别检测软骨细胞的增殖活性和凋亡水平,以及软骨细胞中蛋白聚糖和蛋白聚糖酶-1/2即ADAMTS-4及ADAMTS-5的mRNA和蛋白表达水平变化,从而评估1α,25(OH)_2D_3对大鼠关节软骨细胞蛋白聚糖和蛋白聚糖酶代谢的调节作用。结果 IL-1α、IL-1β及TNF-α显著降低了软骨细胞的增殖活性并增加了软骨细胞的凋亡水平,以及降低细胞中蛋白聚糖的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,增加ADAMTS-4及ADAMTS-5的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。1α,25(OH)_2D_3的干预可以增加炎症状态下软骨细胞的增殖活性、降低软骨细胞的凋亡水平,以及增加炎症状态下软骨细胞内蛋白聚糖的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,降低ADAMTS-4及ADAMTS-5的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,并呈一定剂量依赖性。但是,1α,25(OH)_2D_3的干预并不影响正常软骨细胞的增殖、凋亡。结论维生素D能促进炎症状态下的软骨细胞蛋白聚糖的合成代谢并抑制蛋白聚糖酶活性,从而为关节软骨提供更全面的保护。     

汉防己甲素及克矽平对矽肺大鼠Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原mRNA的影响

汉防己甲素（汉甲）及克矽平（Ｐｏｌｙｖｉｎｙｌｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｅ－Ｎ－Ｏｘｉｄｅ,ＰＶＮＯ）是目前较为有效的抑制矽肺纤维化的药物。本文研究了其对胶原ｍＲＮＡ水平的影响．斑点杂交实验表明大鼠接尘６０天和１２０天后α１（Ⅰ）及α１（Ⅲ）ｍＲＮＡ水平明显上升,经汉甲或克矽平治疗１个月或３个月后,胶原ｍＲＮＡ水平明显下降。原位杂交结果表明胶原ｍＲ－ＮＡ银颗粒与细胞性结节和增厚的肺泡壁的成纤维细胞分布重合。汉甲或克矽平治疗后银颗粒数下降。提示汉甲及克矽平对矽肺进程中的胶原基因表达增强有抑制作用。     

Expression of ceruloplasmin gene in mammalian organs from the data of hybridization analysis with complementary DNA probes

Expression of ceruloplasmin (Cp)-coding gene in rat and human liver and brain tissues was studied by Northern blot hybridization and by in situ hybridization with cloned species-specific cDNA probes. In rat brain structures, different levels of Cp mRNA were detected, the maximal one was found in cerebellum. The steady-state level of Cp mRNA in rat and human brain was several times lower than in parenchymatous liver cells. The size heterogeneity of Cp mRNA was found. Polyadenylated RNA prepared from human liver contains two equally abundant Cp mRNAs differing in their chain length (3.6 and 4.5 kb) while brain polyadenylated RNA contains a single Cp mRNA (4.5 kb).     

CELL POSITION-DEPENDENT RECIPROCAL FEEDBACK REGULATION OF TYPE I COLLAGEN GENE EXPRESSION IN CULTURED HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS

In order to investigate possible cell positional effects on the gene expression of human dermal fibroblasts, the authors cultured the cells on non-coated polystyrene culture dishes, type I collagen-coated dishes, or collagen gels formed by type I collagen, or suspended them in type I collagen gels and measured collagen synthesis by the cells. The production rate of type I collagen was similar whether cells were cultured on non-coated polystyrene or on type I collagen-coated dishes, but it was suppressed significantly when the cells were placed within the collagen gel matrix. Time-dependent expression of genes for α1(I) and α2(I) collagen chains was measured by Northern blot analysis. A significant increase in mRNA levels for these chains was observed when the cells were cultured for three days on type I collagen-coated dishes or on collagen gels. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the mRNA levels was observed after 2 days and later, when the cells were cultured within type I collagen gel matrix. These results indicate that human dermal fibroblasts recognize their position on or in type I collagen (extracellular matrix) and respond by changing their expression patterns of type I collagen chain genes. The results of the kinetics of gene expression also suggest that upregulation and downregulation of type I collagen genes are controlled by different mechanisms.     

Bronchial epithelial cell matrix production in response to silica and basic fibroblast growth factor

BACKGROUND: Previous studies show that macrophages, lung fibroblasts, and their soluble mediators are responsible for the onset and development of pulmonary fibrosis. This study was conducted to determine whether airway epithelial cells are also directly involved in response to fibrogenic agents and consequently in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. To verify the hypothesis, we determined whether silica acts directly on human bronchial epithelial cells by stimulating cytokine and growth factor release and by modifying matrix production. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An SV40 large T antigen-transformed human airway epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o (16HBE), was used. The expression profile of some proinflammatory interleukins (ILs), such as IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 and their modulation by silica, were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA levels were tested by Northern blotting in the presence and in the absence of silica. The silica- and/or bFGF-induced effects on matrix components (total proteins, collagen, and fibronectin) were also evaluated using radio-labeled precursors. RESULTS: The results demonstrated 16HBE internalized silica particles. Silica induced a little IL-6 secretion, without affecting IL-1 and TGFbeta isoform production and strongly stimulated bFGF mRNA level and bFGF protein secretion. Silica also induced changes in 16HBE production of total proteins, collagen, and fibronectin production. When added in combination with the growth factor, it strengthened bFGF stimulation of matrix component secretion. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that the changes in matrix components are due to a direct effect of silica on bronchial epithelial cells. Silica-induced over-secretion of bFGF suggests that autocrine and paracrine differentiation loops for bFGF may also be operative and that these mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. In the future, cytokine-directed therapeutic strategies might find a place in clinical practice.     

Regulation of collagen synthesis by ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid increases type I procollagen mRNA

Ascorbic acid specifically stimulates collagen production in cultured human skin fibroblasts, an effect that appears to be independent of its cofactor role in prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation. In order to investigate the level of regulation of ascorbic acid on collagen synthesis, we have translated mRNA in a cell-free system derived from rabbit reticulocytes. Total RNA was prepared from normal human skin fibroblasts and similar fibroblasts which had been exposed to 100 uM ascorbic acid for four days. Ascorbic acid treatment resulted in a twofold stimulation of procollagen mRNA whereas non-collagenous mRNA was unchanged. These results reveal that ascorbic acid has a preferential stimulating effect on type I procollagen mRNA.     

The effects of silica dust and alveolar macrophages on lung fibroblasts grown in vitro

The effect of silica (min-u-sil) on lung fibroblasts, with and without the mediation of alveolar macrophages, has been studied by measuring DNA, protein, collagen, lysosomal enzymes and secreted glycosaminoglycans. Intact macrophages were found to stimulate collagen production whether they had first been pretreated with silica or not. The dust has a direct effect on fibroblasts, an effect dependent on silica concentration and the stage of fibroblast growth. The possible relationships of the above effects to both fibrosis and emphysema are discussed.