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工业生态学的内涵与发展 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
作为一门发展不到20a的综合性交叉学科,工业生态学目前需要界定其学术范畴和理论基础.首先评述了工业生态学的4个主要领域:(1)社会代谢是工业生态学起源最早也是发展最为成熟的领域.它提供了宏观层次上观察和测量经济发展与物质流动关系的方法和工具,但需要进一步细化物质流动图景和加强流动机制的解释;(2)工业共生是工业生态学最具特征的领域.它实质上是人们出于观察视角的转变而对工业体系的重新认识.逻辑严谨且规则统一的解释框架有助于工业共生理论的发展和实践;(3)基础设施与产业相互选择且协同演进,二者共同构成了城市的物质基础,而城市又是更大范围内区域经济系统的子集.这一组工业生态学的研究对象需要处理产业全球化与社会和生态要素本土化的矛盾;(4)工业发展的可持续性是工业生态学关注的核心目标,而多样性和复杂性给其研究带来了很大的挑战.这提醒我们要避免陷入简单化、还原论或机械论的陷阱,多开展实证研究.最后,从本体论、方法论和隐喻3个标准给出了工业生态学的初步界定,并指出4个重要的努力方向. 相似文献
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工业生态学研究现状与展望 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
工业生态学是一门新兴交叉学科,自诞生10多年来,其理论研究与实践活动已经取得了长足的进展。首先介绍了工业生态学的缘起,综述了目前国外工业生态学在原料与能量流动(工业代谢)、物质减量化、技术变革和环境、生命周期规划设计与评价、为环境设计、延伸生产者的责任、生态工业园(工业共生系统)、产品导向的环境策略、生态效益等主要领域的研究进展;分析了我国工业生态学的研究现状,并结合国际发展趋势提出了我国工业生态学未来的研究框架和主要研究领域 相似文献
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工业生态学研究足迹迁移——基于Citespace II的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于工业发展与环境关系愈发恶化,可持续发展问题日益突出,有必要通过回顾工业生态学研究来寻找理论指导。利用引文空间分析工具Citespace Ⅱ,通过绘制工业生态学知识图谱,以定量与定性结合方法,系统梳理国内外工业生态学研究成果,挖掘工业生态学的知识基础、发展脉络和研究热点。研究发现:工业生态学是一门交叉性学科,涉及环境科学、生态学、管理学和经济学;生态工业园仍为工业发展重要方向,需要结合生态系统理论与工业流程重构对其加以改善;城市、农业、共生成为当前研究热点;生命周期评估、投入产出分析和工业代谢仍为重要分析工具;我国工业生态问题将成为未来关注重点。 相似文献
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第六届国际生态学大会介绍尹峰,房继明(北京师范大学生物学系100875)第六届国际生态学大会(INTECOL)将于1994年8月21日至26日在英国曼彻斯特市曼彻斯特大学召开。此次会议由英国生态学会发起,由国际生态学联合会组织。大会的中心议题是为迎接... 相似文献
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2016年7月8-10日在中国上海召开了第二届国际城市生态学大会,会议的主题是“快速城市化和全球环境变化背景下城市生态学面临的挑战”。会议设16个专场,主要议题包括:城市化动态、城市可持续性研究、城市生物多样性评估和城市生态学教育等。城市绿地是大会的研究热点之一,会上讨论了城市绿地与城市生物多样性的密切联系、城市绿地的温度调节作用和文化服务,以及城市绿地与紧凑城市的关系等众多城市发展中的重要科学问题。为了推动城市绿地和城市生态学研究的进一步发展,本文对SURE大会上与城市绿地相关的研究内容进行综述和介绍。本次大会对未来城市绿地研究具有重要启示:(1)加强城市绿地的生态系统服务与可持续科学教育的研究;(2)加强小尺度城市绿地的评估、规划和管理研究;(3)加强城市绿地多功能的综合性研究。 相似文献
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第19届国际恢复生态学大会于2009年8月23日至28日在西澳大利亚州(Western Australia)的首府珀斯Perth召开,这是国际恢复生态学大会首次在南半球召开.来自世界各地46个国家近600名恢复生态学工作者参加了本次大会. 相似文献
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以创新理论深入推进恢复生态学的自然与社会实践——2000年恢复生态 … 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
20 0 0年恢复生态学会国际大会 ( 2 0 0 0SocietyforEcologicalRestorationInternationalConference)于 2 0 0 0年 9月 4~ 7日在英国利物浦举行 .从 90年代初国际恢复生态学会成立以来 ,已经开过 11次国际研讨会 ,这是首次在北美以外举行的恢复生态学研究领域的国际性大会 ,也是恢复生态学领域规模空前的盛会 .大会收到会议代表提供的 4 0 0多篇论文 ,其中 2 80篇被大会接受 .来自 30多个国家和地区的 30 0多名代表出席了本次大会 . 大会的主题是通过对恢复生态学理论和实践的研… 相似文献
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会议日期;1982年9月5——11日会议地点:波兰华沙会议组织者:国际生态学协会(INTECOL),国际生物科学联合会(IUBS)和波兰科学院(PAS)联合召开。波兰科学院是东道主。国际生态学学术讨论会每四年召开一次,第三届大会的主要议题是:生态学是环境经营管理和人类福利的基础。当今世界环境整体面临严重威 相似文献
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国内外产业共生网络研究比较述评 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
产业共生网络是指基于物质及能量交换以及知识及基础设施共享而形成的在不同产业主体之间的合作共赢网络,是产业转型升级的重要保障。作为产业共生的运作方式,产业共生网络的研究国外从20世纪90年代开始从概念到实例就展开了一系列探讨,国内自2002年也开始在网络结构等方面开展相关研究。尤其在2008年以后,产业共生网络的研究方向不断拓宽,研究成果丰富多样。为明晰国内外产业共生网络研究的发展态势,促进产业共生网络理论体系的发展并使其得到有效应用。本文从共生网络内涵、结构、功能及评价、演化、管理调控等方面比较分析了国内外产业共生网络的研究进展,并对产业共生网络的发展前景做了展望。未来产业共生网络研究在不同尺度的比较及推演、数据信息平台的搭建以及产业共生网络演化模拟及管理调控的耦合等方面需重点关注。 相似文献
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Marian R. Chertow 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2007,11(1):11-30
Since 1989, efforts to understand the nature of interfirm resource sharing in the form of industrial symbiosis and to replicate in a deliberate way what was largely self‐organizing in Kalundborg, Denmark have followed many paths, some with much success and some with very little. This article provides a historical view of the motivations and means for pursuing industrial symbiosis—defined to include physical exchanges of materials, energy, water, and by‐products among diversified clusters of firms. It finds that “uncovering” existing symbioses has led to more sustainable industrial development than attempts to design and build eco‐industrial parks incorporating physical exchanges. By examining 15 proposed projects brought to national and international attention by the U.S. President's Council on Sustainable Development beginning in the early 1990s, and contrasting these with another 12 projects observed to share more elements of self‐organization, recommendations are offered to stimulate the identification and uncovering of already existing “kernels” of symbiosis. In addition, policies and practices are suggested to identify early‐stage precursors of potentially larger symbioses that can be nurtured and developed further. The article concludes that environmentally and economically desirable symbiotic exchanges are all around us and now we must shift our gaze to find and foster them. 相似文献
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Industrial symbiosis (IS) is an important concept in the field of industrial ecology that has disseminated worldwide as a practice to decrease the ecological impact of industrial processes through the exchange of by‐products and waste between units in a system. The forestry industry is the main economic activity in the region of Lages in southern Brazil. IS relationships have expanded with the use of waste material from wood processing and strengthened cooperation between companies in different sectors. The aims of this article were to: a) quantify the level of IS in the system, b) identify the benefits of IS for participants, and c) explain why the network further developed IS to the formation of an industrial ecosystem. A questionnaire was administered during visits to 24 forestry companies in order to analyze their products and processes, commercial relations, positive impacts, and local insertion. The industrial symbiosis indicator (ISI) was determined using waste stream data from the system to represent the level of symbiosis among the companies in this region. The results show that the companies participate in a symbiotic network, mainly involving the exchange of chips, bark, sawdust and shavings. In most cases, these exchanges occur between nearby companies, constituting an extensive industrial ecosystem. 相似文献
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The concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) was introduced decades ago and its environmental and economic benefits are well established, but the broad acceptance of IS still faces significant barriers. This article provides a new approach to capture synergies within industrial parks by suggesting a new business model. Building on findings from a survey conducted by the authors and on literature, we first identify potential barriers to low‐carbon synergistic projects. Economic concerns of technically feasible synergies and financial issues turn out to be the largest barriers, because of long payback periods and fluctuating raw material and by‐product market prices. Existing business models do not offer easy ways to overcome or relax these barriers. We therefore introduce the concept of a synergy management services company (SMSCO), a synergy contractor and third‐party financing model, to overcome these barriers. This model shifts the financial risk of the synergistic project from collaborating firms to the SMSCO. We posit that this attribute of the SMSCO model makes it attractive for industrial park operators who seek long‐term solutions to secure future viability of their park. 相似文献
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A Spatial Analysis of Loop Closing Among Recycling,Remanufacturing, and Waste Treatment Firms in Texas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Donald I. Lyons 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2007,11(1):43-54
Industrial ecology has emerged as a key strategy for improving environmental conditions. A central element of industrial ecology is the concept of closing the loop in material use (cycling) by directing used material and products (wastes) back to production processes. This article examines the issue of geographic scale and loop closing for heterogeneous wastes through an analysis of the location and materials flows of a set of recycling, remanufacturing, recycling manufacturing, and waste treatment (RRWT) firms in Texas. The results suggest that there is no preferable scale at which loop closing should be organized. RRWT firms are ubiquitous and operate successfully throughout the settlement hierarchy. The cycling boundaries of RRWT firms are dependent primarily upon how and where their products are redirected to production processes rather than the firm's location in the settlement hierarchy. In other words, loop closing is dominated by the spatial economic logic of the transactions of the firm involved. These results suggest that we cannot assign loop closing to any particular spatial scale a priori nor can we conceive of closing the loop via RRWT firms in terms of monolithic networks bounded in space or place with internal material flows. 相似文献
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挖掘城市废弃物中有价值的资源,已经成为世界各国开展废弃物开发与管理的共同选择。产业共生是推动经济绿色发展和提高资源效率的战略工具,已经成为探讨废弃物资源化利用问题的重要视角。将产业共生理论引入城市废弃物资源化利用领域,提出城市废弃物资源化共生网络的概念,并将其典型特征概括为"四个统一",即价值网络与责任网络的统一,集聚共生与虚拟共生的统一,稳健型与脆弱性的统一以及自组织性与主体建构性的统一。借鉴超网络理论构建城市废弃物资源化共生网络体系的结构模型,并从共生单元、共生模式、共生界面和共生环境4个层面对该模型进行详细解析。城市废弃物资源化共生网络可分为核心网络和外围网络,两者之间存在全方位、多层次的合作机制。在城市废弃物资源化共生网络中,共生单元具有多层次性和多样性特征,它们之间存在着不同类型、效率各异的共生关系,推动共生模式向对称互惠一体化共生进化是破解城市废弃物资源化利用难题的关键;共生界面具有物质交换、能量传递、信息共享、知识传播及利益协调等多样化功能,而共生关系的进化以及共生界面功能发挥又依赖于优越的共生环境。此外,城市废弃物资源化共生网络有依托型、平等型、嵌套型和虚拟型等4种运作模式,国内典型案例分析表明这4种运作模式将长期并存。 相似文献
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Like many economic exchanges, industrial symbiosis (IS) is thought to be influenced by social relationships and shared norms among actors in a network. While many implicit references to social characteristics exist throughout the literature, there have been few explicit attempts to operationalize and measure the concepts. The “short mental distance,”“trust,”“openness,” and “communication” recorded among managers in Kalundborg, Denmark, set a precedent for examining and encouraging social interactions among key personnel in the dozens of eco‐industrial networks around the world. In this article we explore the relationships among various aspects of social embeddedness, social capital, and IS. We develop a conceptual framework and an approach using quantitative and qualitative methods to identify and measure these social characteristics, including social network structure, communication, and similarities in norms and conceptions of waste, and apply them in an industrial network in Nanjangud, South India. The findings suggest that there is a fairly high level of shared norms about dealing with waste—the “short mental distance”—in this network, but by‐product transactions are only weakly correlated with the structure and content of communication among managers. Replication of this approach can increase the understanding and comparability of the role of social characteristics in eco‐industrial activities around the world. 相似文献
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2019工业生物学专刊序言 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
工业生物技术作为可持续发展的重要途径,其创新发展离不开基础学科的支撑。工业生物学研究工业环境下生物体行为的基本规律和作用机制,解决适应工业环境的生物体设计构建及应用的关键科学问题,是工业生物技术学科基础。为了梳理和凝练工业生物学发展状况,本刊特组织出版专刊,从工业蛋白科学、工业细胞科学和工业发酵科学三个方面,分别阐述学科的发展动态,展望未来的发展趋势,为促进工业生物技术发展奠定基础。 相似文献
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工业生态系统多样性评述 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
工业多样性是工业生态学关注和研究的重点,也是工业生态化的重要决策支撑之一。但其含义复杂,指标多种多样。为了深入理解工业多样性的含义及其对工业生态系统的影响,本研究分析了工业生态系统与自然生态系统在结构和功能两方面的异同,梳理了工业多样性概念定义的发展过程,整理了现今应用较多的10个工业多样性指标,从工业种类数量和分布均匀程度、工业的可逐级细分性,以及工业间的经济联系和区域产业组合三方面将指标划分为三组,分别介绍其计算方法和含义,并比较了各指标的优缺点。在实际应用中,综合多个工业多样性指标的计算结果,可以较为全面的反映区域工业组成和结构,有助于理解工业多样性对工业生态系统过程的影响。 相似文献
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Shiva Noori Gijsbert Korevaar Rob Stikkelman Andrea Ramírez 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2023,27(3):937-950
Self-organized industrial symbiosis (IS) starts with one actor's decision to invest in a waste recovery plant and the other actors' decision to buy the recovered flow. Technical and institutional conditions of the cluster influence actors' decisions. This paper explores the emergence of IS collaborations in industrial clusters under different techno-economic conditions in the long term. We propose a mixed-integer linear programming model that incorporates costs and constraints associated with waste recovery and exchange to study actors' investment decisions and investigate shaped symbiotic exchanges under rising energy prices and limited electricity supply. The approach is implemented in Iran's Persian Gulf Mining and Metals Special Economic Zone as a case study. The results revealed that changes in internal or external condition simultaneously influence the industrial and waste recovery plants. For instance, increasing energy prices without raising product prices significantly decreased the production level of industrial plants and, consequently, heat recovery potential. Furthermore, the waste heat recovery plants' contribution to improving the cluster's economic and environmental performance was not the same. Electricity recovery from a power plant's waste heat can result in 55 PJ grid electricity intake reduction and 720 M€ cluster cash flow increase. Recovered cooling or electricity from the steelmaking plant waste heat was consumed internally rather than shaping IS. These model outcomes show its capability to study IS within the socio-technical structure of the cluster, not a standalone phenomenon. Implemented conceptualization offers a novel system-level approach, which could be adjusted to assess other industrial development strategies. 相似文献