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1.
Thirty-seven species and one variety which belonging to nineteen genera were identified from 50 wheat straw samples collected from different places in Egypt by using the dilution-plate method on cellulose-Czapek's agar medium with pH 5.5 and pH 8.Stachybotrys was the most frequent genus at pH 8 (84% of samples) and the fourth most frequent at pH 5.5 (56% of samples).Aspergillus was the most frequent genus at pH 5.5 but retreated to the third place, behindStachybotrys andFusarium at pH 8.Fusarium was the second most frequent at both pHs. 相似文献
2.
Dalcero A. Magnoli C. Luna M. Ancasi G. Reynoso M.M. Chiacchiera S. Miazzo R. Palacio G. 《Mycopathologia》1998,141(1):37-43
The purpose of this work was to determine the mycoflora and mycotoxins natural incidence in poultry feeds from 2 factories in Río Cuarto, Córdoba. One hundred and thirty samples were taken from May/1996 to May/1997. The most dominant species isolated of poultry feed samples belonged to the genera Aspergillus spp 85% and Fusarium spp 70%. From Aspergillus genus eleven species were identified and A. flavus was the most frequent. Nine species were identified from the Fusarium genus and the predominant was F. moniliforme. Penicillium ranked third in the number of isolated cases. From this genus twelve species were collected of which P. brevicompactum (15%), P. restrictum (14%) and P. purpurogenum (12%) were the most common.The most significant mycotoxin from poultry feeds was aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) found in 48% of the samples, with levels ranging from 10 to 123 ng/g. For zearalenone (ZEA) the levels were 327 to 5,850 ng/g and DON was not detected from the samples. Due to the fact that in Argentina there is little information about this topic, these data on poultry feeds in our region would be of worldwide interest.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
A study has been carried out in Argentina on samples of corn genotypes from a breeding station as well as in commercially available corn meal. All samples were analyzed for fungal infection and aflatoxin B1.Mycological analysis of corn genotypes showed the presence of three principal genera of filamentous fungi Fusarium (100%), Penicillium (67%) and Aspergillus (60%). In the genus Fusarium three species were identified, F. moniliforme (42%), F. nygamai (56%) andF. proliferatum (1.8%). Eight species ofPenicillium were identified, the predominant species isolated were P. minioluteum, P. funiculosum and P. variabile. In the genus ranked third in isolation frequency, two species were identified, A. flavus and A. parasiticus, the percentage of infection was 78% and 21%, respectively. Only one corn genotype was contaminated with aflatoxin B1 at a level of 5 ppb. The cornmeal samples showed great differences in fungal contamination, the values ranging from 1 × 101 to 7 × 105 cfu g–1. Fusarium (68%), Aspergillus (35%) and Penicillium (21%) were the most frequent genera isolated. Among the genus, Aspergillus, A. parasiticus (38%) was the most frequent species isolated. All the samples of corn meal were negative to aflatoxin B1. These results indicate a low degree of human exposure to aflatoxins in Argentina through the ingestion of maize or corn meal.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Oliveira GR Ribeiro JM Fraga ME Cavaglieri LR Direito GM Keller KM Dalcero AM Rosa CA 《Mycopathologia》2006,162(5):355-362
The intake of mycotoxin-contaminated feeds can lead to nutrient losses and may have adverse effects on animal health and on
productivity. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the mycobiota present in poultry feed samples, and (2) to evaluate
the natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1, fumonisin B1 and zearalenone. Fungal counts were similar between all culture media tested (103 CFU g−1). The most frequent genus isolated was Penicillium spp. (41.26%) followed by Aspergillus spp. (33.33%) and Fusarium spp. (20.63%). High precision liquid chromatography was applied to quantify aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1. Thin layer chromatography was used to determine zearalenone levels. Aflatoxin B1 values ranged between 1.2 and 17.5 μg kg−1. Fumonisin B1 levels ranged between 1.5 and 5.5 μg g−1. Zearalenone levels ranged between 0.1 and 7 μg g−1. The present study shows the simultaneous occurrence of two carcinogenic mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1, together with another Fusarium mycotoxin (zearalenone) in␣feed intended for poultry consumption. Many samples contained AFB1 levels near the permissible maximum and it could affect young animals. A synergistic toxic response is possible in animals
under simultaneous exposure. 相似文献
5.
尖孢镰孢菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)是香蕉枯萎病的病原菌,该菌是一种土壤习居菌,了解香蕉根区土壤中真菌多样性及镰孢菌属(Fusarium)真菌所占比例,对如何减少土壤中的病原菌、预防香蕉枯萎病的发生有重要的指导意义。该文通过采集不同宿根年限的香蕉健康植株和枯萎病植株的根区土壤,利用高通量测序技术测定土壤样品中的真菌种群。结果表明:(1)同一宿根年限的香蕉植株中,健康植株根区土壤中所获的reads及OTUs数量均高于枯萎病植株,说明健康植株根区土壤的真菌多样性丰富于枯萎病植株。(2)除了一年生香蕉枯萎病植株以担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为主外,其他土壤样品中均以子囊菌门(Ascomycota)为主,其中的丛赤壳科最高相对丰度来自三年生健康植株的根区土壤(26.02%),其次是五年生的枯萎病植株根区土壤(15.56%)。(3)在丛赤壳科中,镰孢菌属在三年生健康植株土壤中的相对丰度最高(2.54%),在其他样品中的相对丰度在0.1%~0.65%之间;在镰孢菌属中,腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)的相对丰度(0~1.59%... 相似文献
6.
Prokofeva MI Kublanov IV Nercessian O Tourova TP Kolganova TV Lebedinsky AV Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA Spring S Jeanthon C 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2005,9(6):437-448
Metabolic and phylogenetic diversity of cultivated anaerobic microorganisms from acidic continental hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents was studied by molecular and microbiological methods. Anaerobic organotrophic enrichment cultures growing at pH 3.5–4.0 and 60 or 85°C with organic energy sources were obtained from samples of acidic hot springs of Kamchatka Peninsula (Pauzhetka, Moutnovski Volcano, Uzon Caldera) and Kunashir Island (South Kurils) as well as from the samples of chimneys of East Pacific Rise (13°N). The analyses of clone libraries obtained from terrestrial enrichment cultures growing at 60°C revealed the presence of archaea of genus Thermoplasma and bacteria of genus Thermoanaerobacter. Bacterial isolates from these enrichments were shown to belong to genera Thermoanaerobacter and Thermoanaerobacterium, being acidotolerant with the pH optimum for growth at 5.5–6.0 and the pH minimum at 3.0. At 85°C, domination of thermoacidophilic archaea of genus Acidilobus in terrestrial enrichments was found by both molecular and microbiological methods. Five isolates belonging to this genus possessed some phenotypic features that were new for this genus, such as flagellation or the ability to grow on monosaccharides or disaccharides. Analyses of clone libraries from the deep-sea thermoacidophilic enrichment cultures showed that the representatives of the genus Thermococcus were present at both 60 and 85°C. From the 60°C deep-sea enrichment, a strain belonging to Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus was isolated. It grew optimally at pH 6.0 with the minimum pH for growth at 3.0 and with salinity optimum at 0–2.5% NaCl and the maximum at 7%, thus differing significantly from the type strain. These data show that fermentative degradation of organic matter may occur at low pH and wide temperature range in both terrestrial and deep-sea habitats and can be performed by acidophilic or acidotolerant thermophilic prokaryotes. 相似文献
7.
A mycological survey was carried out for the first time, on red flint corn samples from the northwestern Andinian region of Argentina in the 1999 and 2000 harvest seasons. Species of the genus Fusarium were the most prevalent component of the flint corn mycoflora present in all provinces.F. verticillioides was the predominant Fusarium isolated in the 1999 harvest season in the the region, and was found at higher incidence level than those observed on commercial semident corn hybrids harvested in the main corn production area in Argentina (Pampean region). During the 2000 harvest season, Fusarium graminearum was most commonly isolated species in Salta province.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
In the present study we attempt to determine the principal factors which influence the contamination by Penicillium of 116 samples of pre-harvest corn from five crop areas in Valencia (Spain).In the corn tested, Penicillium is the most abundant genus after Fusarium, with an incidence of 71.5% in infected samples, counts of about 642 cfu/g and kernel infection of 8.7%. The most frequently isolated species are Penicillium chrysogenum, P. steckii and P. purpurogenum.There is a high correlation between the contamination from this genus and the amout of kernels broken and infested by insects, as well as a correlation with crop areas.We have found no difference in the contamination of the two varieties of corn investigated. 相似文献
9.
Regina Sharmila Dass Marikunte Yanjarappa Sreenivasa Adkar Puroshothama Charith Raj 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(8):796-804
Abstract One hundred and fourteen animal feedstuffs and eighty poultry feed mixtures commonly used for animal and poultry nutrition in Karnataka, India, were analysed for Fusarium contamination. The total counts of fusaria in animal feeds and poultry feed mixtures revealed a high incidence of F. verticillioides, being isolated from all positive samples. Most contaminated samples were maize pellets (71.4%), cotton seed (66.6%), maize powder (60%) and fine wheat bran (50%), respectively, while no Fusarium species was isolated from Bengal gram husk and wheat flakes. All the Fusarium species were identified by the PCR method using genus specific ITS and group specific FUM 1 primers. Of the 374 Fusarium isolates tested with ITS set of primers, all fusaria scored positive, whereas only 244 (65%) isolates tested positive with the FUM 1 set of primers. The specificity of the primers provides the basis for a simple, accurate and precise detection of Fusarium species that represents fumonisin producers, which are a considerable risk for animal, poultry and human health. 相似文献
10.
炭基肥对植烟黄壤细菌、真菌群落结构和多样性的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
【目的】探究施用炭基肥对植烟黄壤质量影响的微生物学机制,为应用炭基肥培育植烟黄壤肥力提供科学依据。【方法】2016年,以烤烟品种云烟87和贵州黄壤为供试材料,通过大田试验,设置不施肥(NF)、常规肥(CF,条施有机肥和烤烟专用基肥,穴施烤烟专用追肥)和炭基肥(BF,条施炭基有机肥和炭基复混肥,穴施烤烟专用追肥) 3个处理,2年后采集样品,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,剖析土壤细菌、真菌群落结构和多样性的响应差异,揭示影响微生物的主要土壤因子。【结果】与NF处理和CF处理比较,BF处理烤烟产量提高,土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量显著提高。BF处理土壤细菌OTUs数量最大(1592),显著大于其余两处理;土壤细菌丰富度和多样性指数最高。BF处理土壤真菌OTUs数量最小(280);土壤真菌丰富度和多样性指数最低。BF处理土壤细菌群落物种最多样,属于25个门,CF处理属于23个门,NF处理仅属于22个门。细菌门水平,BF处理拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度(1.50%)提高,Latescibacteria相对丰度(0.11%)降低;与NF处理比较,拟杆菌门、Latesc... 相似文献
11.
Ismail Erper Gürsel Hatat Karaca Ibrahim Ozkoc 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(7):501-506
Abstract Root rot disease is very common in the bean, soybean, faba bean and pea plants growing areas in Samsun province. Disease incidence and severity were detected the highest at 93.8% and 55.4% in the bean growing area, and the lowest at 64.0% and 24.3% in the faba bean growing area respectively. In this study, a total of 2714 fungal isolates were obtained from some legume plants and soil samples. The most common fungi isolated from root and soil samples were Fusarium spp., multinucleate Rhizoctonia (MNR), binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) and Pythium spp. respectively. Fusarium spp. were isolated at high rates from all the examined areas. MN Rhizoctonia and BN Rhizoctonia were isolated both from inner and coastal areas of the province, whereas Pythium spp. were isolated in costal areas, except for the Vezirköprü district which is situated in the inner area. When looking at the interactions among pathogens causing root rot, it was found the great majority of the samples (30.4%) isolated both Fusarium spp. and MNR-BNR group fungi, whereas Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. were isolated together from 10.9% of the samples and MNR-BNR and Pythium spp. from only 1.5% of the samples. 相似文献
12.
Thirteen seed samples of lentil (Lens esculenta) were incubated on agar plate and moist filter papers (Moist Chambers) at 28 ± 2 °C for determination of the incidence of
seed-borne fungi. Aflatoxins content of the seeds was measured using the bright greenish-yellow fluorescence test (BGYF) and
thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Sixty-nine species and seven varieties, which belong to 24 genera of fungi, were isolated
from this crop. Of these fungi, 51 species and two varieties are considered new for this crop, whereas seven genera and 13
species are new to the mycoflora of the Sudan. The genus Aspergillus (13 species and 6 varieties) which comprising 44% of the total colony count was the most prevalent genus followed by Rhizopus (2 species, 19%), Penicillium (6 species) and Fusarium (8 species) (12%), Chaetomium (3 species) and Cladosporium (5 species) (6%), where the 18 genera (1–4 species) showed very low level of incidence (19%). Of the possible pathogens of
lentil plants, F. oxysporum the main cause of vascular wilt was recovered from seeds of this crop. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of chloroform
extracts of 13 seed samples showed that only one samples was naturally contaminated with aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 (14.3 μg/kg).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Mycoflora of the toxic feeds associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks in Brazil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. C. A. Meireles Dr B. Corrêa O. Fischman W. Gambale C. R. Paula N. O. Chacon-Reche C. R. Pozzi 《Mycopathologia》1994,127(3):183-188
The mycoflora of 39 feed samples associated with 29 Equine Leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) outbreaks was studied from 1988 to 1990, in Brazil. Microbiological examination indicatedFusarium spp. as the most frequent mold which occurred in 97.4% of samples followed byPenicillium spp. in 61.5% andAspergillus spp. in 35.9%. The moisture content of feed implicated in death of horses was above 15% which can favor the development ofFusarium spp. From the genus,F. moniliforme was the predominant species with an occurrence of 82.0%. Two additional species, not commonly associated with animal toxicosis, were isolated in low frequency,F. proliferatum (12.8%) andF. subglutinans (2.6%). It is important to emphasize that the isolation ofF. proliferatum andF. subglutinans from feed obtained from the epizootic areas has not been documented previously in Brazil.Part of the thesis of M.C.A. Meireles to get the degree of Doctor Leucoencefalomalácia Eqüina (LEME) no Brasil: Aspectos epizootiológicos, microbiológicos e micotoxicológicos, Preliminary communication in 1989, Congresso Brasileiro de Microbiologia, Rev Microbiol (São Paulo) 20 (Sup. 1): 359 (F 181). 相似文献
14.
Bacillus No. C-11 which utilized rayon waste was isolated. This strain belongs to the genus Bacillus from its morphological and biochemical characteristics but grew better in alkaline media than in neutral media. Residual sugars of rayon waste were 34.7 % after 2 days cultivation, 25.5% after 4 days and 7.0% after 9 days. Yeast extract and N-source, such as polypeptone or urea stimulated the utilization of rayon waste. The long period cultivation optimum pH was about 11, and the short period cultivation optimum pH was about 9. Partially purified hemicellulase from Bacillus No. C-11 was most active at pH 7, but still active at pH 10. The stable pH for this enzyme action was in the range of 5.5 to 9, and from the hemicellulose enzymatic digest, xylose, xylobiose, xylotriose and oligosaccharides were detected. 相似文献
15.
Seventy-five species and three varieties which belong to thirty-four genera were identified from 74 soil samples collected
from salt marshes in Egypt. The most frequent fungi wereAspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium herbarum andAlternatia alternata, followed byAspergillus terreus,Curvularia spicifera andPenicillium notatum. Six genera were of moderate occurrence:Penicillium, Futarium, Curvularia, Rhizopus, Stachybotrys, andChaetomium. Five genera were of low occurrence:Paecilomyces, Oephalosporium, Epicoccum, Mucor andMyrothecium. 相似文献
16.
A total of 57 samples of feedstuffs commonly used for animal nutrition in Colombia (corn, soybean, sorghum, cottonseed meal, sunflower seed meal, wheat middlings and rice) were analyzed for Fusarium contamination. Fusarium fungi were identified at species level by means of conventional methods and the ability to produce fumonisins of the most prevailing species was determined. A total of 41 of the feedstuffs analyzed (71.9%) were found to contain Fusarium spp. Most contaminated substrates were corn (100%), cottonseed meal (100%), sorghum (80%), and soybean (80%). Wheat middlings and rice showed lower levels of contamination (40% and 20%, respectively), while no Fusarium spp. could be isolated from sunflower seed meal. The most prevalent species of Fusarium isolated were F. verticilliodes (70.8%), F.␣proliferatum (25.0%), and F. subglutinans (4.2%). All of them correspond to section Liseola.Production of fumonisins on corn by the isolated Fusarium was screened through liquid chromatography. Almost all strains of F. verticilliodes (97.1%) produced FB1 (5.6–25,846.4 mg/kg) and FB2 (3.4–7507.5 mg/kg). Similarly, almost all strains of F.␣proliferatum (91.7%) produced fumonisins but at lower levels than F.␣verticilliodes (FB1 from 6.9 to 3885.0 mg/kg, and FB2 from 34.3 to 373.8 mg/kg), while F. subglutinans did not produce these toxins. This is the first study in Colombia describing toxigenic Fusarium isolates from␣animal feedstuffs. 相似文献
17.
Aims: To assess differences between two recommended selective culture media, Nash and Snyder medium (NS) and malachite green agar 2.5 (MGA 2.5), for the detection of Fusarium infection in conventional and transgenic maize kernels. Methods and Results: In total, 10 800 kernels from commercial varieties grown in Spain were analysed using these Fusarium selective culture media. Fusarium verticillioides was predominant in both selective culture media. Mean percentages of Fusarium infected kernels were significantly lower in transgenic maize kernels than in conventional maize kernels. There were no significant differences in percentage of Fusarium infection between the two selective culture media used, although the total mean value on MGA 2.5 (18·8%) was slightly lower than on NS (19·1%). Conclusions: MGA 2.5 performed as a potent selective medium for the detection of Fusarium infection in maize kernels using the direct plating technique. Significance and Impact of the Study: NS with pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) as fungal inhibitor is one of the most widely employed selective culture medium for Fusarium spp. However, PCNB has been reported to be carcinogenic. MGA 2.5 can be used as an alternative to NS in the detection of Fusarium infection in grain samples using the direct plating technique. 相似文献
18.
A mycological survey was carried out on wheat heads from the main production area of Argentina. The isolation frequency and relative density of species from genus Fusarium and dematiaceous fungi were calculated. F graminearum was the predominant Fusarium species; similar to that observed in the USA and Canada. An analysis of deoxynivalenol (DON) natural contamination also was performed on a limited number (44) of samples. DON contamination levels in positive samples ranged from 0.2 to 30 ppm. A stepwise regression procedure showed that, among the species analysed, F. graminearum relative density was related to the DON contamination level and that other prevalent fungi did not influence or modify that relationship. 相似文献
19.
Duong Thi Nguyen Nguyen Chi Hieu Hoang Thi Bich Thao 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2019,52(1-2):200-217
Root rot is the most serious disease affecting Indian mulberry in Viet Nam. The objective of the present study was to confirm the identities and pathogenicity of species of Fusarium isolated from the roots of Indian mulberry. Based on pathogenicity assays, F. proliferatum was shown to be the pathogenic agent. The identity of F. proliferatum was confirmed by PCR and phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the ITS region and the TEF1-α gene. Of four semi-solid media (CA, PDA, CDA and YMA) tested, PDA was the most suitable medium for the growth of F. proliferatum. The optimal temperature range for the growth of F. proliferatum was 20–30?°C with a maximum at growth rate at 25?°C. The optimum pH for growth ranged from pH5.0–6.0 with maximum growth at 5.5. This is the first report of F. proliferatum causing root rot of Indian mulberry in Viet Nam. 相似文献
20.
Corn (Zea mays) is the main cereal produced in and exported from Argentina. The risk of contamination by mycotoxins is related to the mycoflora associated with the corn kernels. This paper reports on the identification of internal and external mycoflora of corn kernels harvested in the main production area in Argentina in 1990. A mycological survey was carried out on 178 corn samples, from five locations in that area and the isolation frequency and relative density of the prevalent fungal genera compared. GenusFusarium was the most prevalent component of the internal seedborne mycoflora in the five locations.Penicillium was prevalent in all locations, taking into account the frequency. However, this genus was predominant only in two locations, when the relative density was considered. The predominantFusarium wasF. moniliforme and the most frequently isolated species ofAlternaria, Aspergillus andPenicillium wereA. alternata, A. flavus andP. decumbens, respectively.Diplodia species were not isolated from any of the samples. 相似文献