Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis Identifies Loci for Testicle and Ovary Traits in Chickens

Development of testes or ovaries is critical to chicken breeders. Understanding the genetic mechanisms influencing the development of the testes and ovaries could enhance selection efforts which target reproductive traits. The linkage analysis was conducted within an F2 population derived from Beijing-You chickens and a commercial broiler line. The results have identified one quantitative trait loci (QTL, designated T1) for bilateral testicular weight (TW) and the percentage of TW to carcass weight, and five QTLs (designated O1–O5) for ovary weight (follicle-free, OW) and the percentage of OW to carcass weight. For the testes traits, QTL T1 is located between 6.55 and 8.56 Mb on GGA13. Especially, the gene gamma-amino butyric acid A receptor, alpha 1 (GABRA1) located near the T1 peak. For ovarian traits, QTL O2 was located at 29.31 Mb on GGA7. G protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) present at the O2 peak was expressed at higher levels within the reproductive tract. It is also involved in the regulation of several reproductive functions. Other QTL peaks and the genes’ function in the ovary and testes need to be evaluated. The QTLs and the genes identified in this study could provide valuable information for establishing reproductive traits in chickens, and need further investigation.     

SLE患者外周血淋巴细胞膜K(V)通道电流的变化及意义

目的 :探讨系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)患者外周血淋巴细胞膜电压依赖性钾 [K(V) ]通道电流的变化及意义。方法 :采用膜片钳全细胞电流记录方法 ,记录了SLE患者外周血淋巴细胞膜K(V)通道电流。结果 :SLE患者淋巴细胞膜K(V)通道电流明显下降 ,正常人该通道电流幅度为 (2 5 8.6± 112 .5 )pA ,SLE患者的为 (139.4± 5 8.5 )pA(P <0 .0 5 )。通道的其它特性包括激活电压、失活特性、通道关闭动力学特性及药理学特性未见变化。结论 :SLE患者细胞免疫功能下降可能与淋巴细胞膜K(V)通道电流幅度减小有关     

2种治疗药物监测结果分析

目的:通过对治疗药物(462例地高辛、171例氨茶碱)的血药浓度监测,提出个体化给药建议,以有效指导临床合理用药。方法:用全自动微粒子化学发光免疫分析系统(EMIA)测定地高辛和氨茶碱在病人体内的血药浓度,进行血药浓度监测。结果:浓度在有效范围内比例逐年上升,低于治疗范围的比例较高,高出治疗范围的比例较低,我院共监测地高辛血药浓度462例,在有效血药浓度范围(0.8μg·L~(-1)～2μg·L~(-1))248例,有效率为53.7%;氨茶碱血药浓度171例,在有效血药浓度范围(10mg·L~(-1)～20mg·L~(-1)) 83例,有效率为48.5%。结论:该方法快速、敏感、简便,本研究提示在应用地高辛和氨茶碱等安全范围窄的药物时,应注意血药浓度监测(TDM),并密切注意患者的生理、病理、联合用药等影响因素。     

A Convenient and Biosafe Replicon with Accessory Genes of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Potential Application in Antiviral Drug Discovery

Virologica Sinica - SARS-CoV-2 causes the pandemic of COVID-19 and no effective drugs for this disease are available thus far. Due to the high infectivity and pathogenicity of this virus, all...     

熵权法在药品不良反应信号筛选及综合风险评价中的应用

目的：在运用经典方法对药品不良反应信号进行检测后,对信号进行再筛选并评价药品的综合风险。方法：以江苏省药品不良反应监测网络数据库为资料来源,SQL server 为后台数据库,Matlab 为算法主要实现工具,运用熵权法结合专家评分,对BCPNN 方法检测出的信号进行再调整和评级。结果：运用综合权重进行调整后,发现不同药品不良反应信号的强弱发生了一定的变化。其中,氟喹诺酮类药品中的加替沙星导致低血糖、呼吸困难等药品不良反应的风险较信号评级之前有所增加,需要专家在评审时更为留意。结论：将熵权法运用在药品不良反应信号的监测中,可使信号更接近客观筛选和主观判断的平衡值,部分罕发但严重的药品不良反应信号得到发现和重视,并能方便地研究药物引起的多种药品不良反应的综合风险。     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者下呼吸道感染革兰阴性杆菌分布及耐药性分析

了解慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)下呼吸道致病性革兰阴性杆菌的分布及耐药情况。收集江苏省宝应县人民医院2011年1月至2013年7月COPD患者下呼吸道标本,培养分离出的革兰阴性细菌,采用API试剂进行细菌鉴定及药敏试验,统计分析其临床分布及耐药性。共分离出355株革兰阴性细菌,β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)在大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌检出率分别为37.6%和32.9%,碳青霉烯类对肠杆菌科细菌和产ESBLs菌株和鲍曼不动杆菌属的抗菌活性最强,耐药率为0~6.2%,对阿米卡星、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和哌拉西林/舒巴坦较敏感。铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类耐药率为23.7%;嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对碳青霉烯类高度耐受,耐药率为100%。革兰阴性杆菌为COPD患者临床最常见致病菌,碳青霉烯类对除嗜麦窄食单胞菌外的其他革兰阴性细菌具有较好的抗菌活性。     

Drug repurposing for chronic myeloid leukemia: in silico and in vitro investigation of DrugBank database for allosteric Bcr-Abl inhibitors

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by chromosomal rearrangement resulting in the expression of Bcr-Abl fusion protein with deregulated Abl tyrosine kinase activity. Approved drugs – imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib – target the ATP-binding site of Abl kinase. Even though these drugs are initially effective, long-term usefulness is limited by the development of resistance. To overcome this problem, targeting the allosteric site of Abl kinase, which is remote from the ATP-binding site is found to be a useful strategy. In this study, structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening methods were applied to narrow down possible drugs (from DrugBank database) that could target the allosteric site of Abl kinase. Detailed investigations of the selected drugs in the allosteric site of Abl kinase, using molecular dynamics and steered molecular dynamics simulation shows that gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor approved for the treatment of lung cancer, could bind effectively to the allosteric site of Bcr-Abl. More interestingly, gefitinib was found to enhance the ability of imatinib to bind at the ATP-binding site of Bcr-Abl kinase. Based on the in silico findings, gefitinib was tested in combination with imatinib in K562 CML cell line using MTT cell proliferation assay and found to have a synergistic antiproliferative activity. Further detailed mechanistic study could help to unravel the full potential of imatinib – gefitinib combination for the treatment of CML.     

Drug reward and intake in lines of mice selectively bred for divergent exploration of a hole board apparatus

Individuals characterized as high-novelty seekers are more likely to abuse drugs than are low-novelty seekers, and it is possible that the biological substrates underlying novelty seeking and drug abuse are similar. We selectively bred replicate lines of mice from a B6D2 F3 hybrid stock for high exploratory behavior (HEB) or low exploratory behavior (LEB) as measured by the number of head dips on a hole board. To determine whether common genes might influence exploratory behavior and behaviors relevant to drug abuse, we tested HEB and LEB mice for conditioned place preference produced by ethanol and d-amphetamine and also examined oral methamphetamine intake. After four generations of selection, HEB and LEB mice did not differ in the magnitude of place preference for ethanol, but LEB mice showed a greater place preference for an amphetamine-paired location than did HEB mice. However, this difference did not replicate in mice tested from the fifth generation of selection. The selected lines also did not differ in sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of d-amphetamine that developed across the conditioning trials. Finally, HEB and LEB mice consumed equivalently low amounts of methamphetamine. These results suggest that common genes do not influence head dipping and several behaviors potentially relevant to drug abuse.     

Variance‐Component Analysis of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Confirms Loci on Chromosomes 1q and 11q

To study genetic loci influencing obesity in nuclear families with type 2 diabetes, we performed a genome‐wide screen with 325 microsatellite markers that had an average spacing of 11 cM and a mean heterozygosity of ～75% covering all 22 autosomes. Genotype data were obtained from 562 individuals from 178 families from the Breda Study Cohort. These families were determined to have at least two members with type 2 diabetes. As a measure of obesity, the BMI of each diabetes patient was determined. The genotypes were analyzed using variance components (VCs) analysis implemented in GENEHUNTER 2 to determine quantitative trait loci influencing BMI. The VC analysis revealed two genomic regions showing VC logarithm of odds (LOD) scores ≥1.0 on chromosome 1 and chromosome 11. The regions of interest on both chromosomes were further investigated by fine‐mapping with additional markers, resulting in a VC LOD score of 1.5 on chromosome 1q and a VC LOD of 2.4 on chromosome 11q. The locus on chromosome 1 has been implicated previously in diabetes. The locus on chromosome 11 has been implicated previously in diabetes and obesity. Our study to determine linkage for BMI confirms the presence of quantitative trait loci influencing obesity in subjects with type 2 diabetes on chromosomes 1q31‐q42 and 11q14‐q24.     

女性泌尿生殖道标本支原体检测及体外耐药性分析

分析了长沙市女性泌尿生殖道解脲支原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)感染的现状,分布及耐药情况。应用支原体培养药敏试剂盒,对476例女性泌尿生殖道分泌物标本进行Uu和Mh的检测和药敏试验。476份标本支原体总检出率为37.0%。Uu检出率26.0%;Mh检出率为3.0%;两者混和感染检出率为8.0%。感染年龄集中在20~30岁的年龄段。支原体对常见抗生素的耐药率11.9%~79.5%。支原体感染是女性泌尿生殖道常见的感染病原体,对支原体感染敏感的抗生素是多西环素和美满霉素。     

大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs检测及耐药性分析

由细菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）引起的细菌耐药性一直是临床相关感染性疾病治疗中的棘手问题。从不同病区患者标本中分离了96株大肠埃希菌和80株肺炎克雷伯菌,分剐采用双纸片协同试验和药物敏感试验检测了上述菌株产生ESBLs情况及对17种抗生素的耐药性。结果发现,27．1％（26／96）的大肠埃希菌株和22．5％（18／80）肺炎克雷伯菌株产ESBLs。ICU病房分离的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌株ESBLs总阳性率（46．0％）与介入科病房和烧伤科病房分离菌株ESBLs总阳性率（28．6％和25．0％）无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,但明显高于呼吸科、骨科、其他病房及门诊部分离菌株ESBLs总阳性率（6．3％～14．3％,P〈0．01）。不产ESBLs大肠埃希菌株和肺炎克雷伯菌株对17种抗生素耐药率明显低于产ESBLs菌株。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对氨曲南均敏感,对氨苄西林／舒巴坦、阿莫西林／棒酸、阿米卡星耐药率仅为15．8％-23．4％。上述实验结果提示,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌临床菌株中有较高的ESBLs阳性率,不同病区患者感染的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs阳性率有很大差异,氨曲南、氨苄西林／舒巴坦、阿莫西林／棒酸、阿米卡星可作为治疗产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌感染性疾病的首选药物。     

杜仲MVA和MEP途径相关基因的亚细胞定位与表达分析

通过对杜仲基因组分析,筛选并克隆出MVA途径和MEP途径的相关基因全长（EuDXR,EuMCT,EuCMK,EuMDS,EuACOT,EuHMGS和EuHMGR）,并通过生物信息学方法分析其结构特征,结果表明上述基因与其他已知物种相应基因的相似度达73%~85%。通过构建亚细胞定位表达载体,并瞬时转化烟草下表皮细胞后激光共聚焦显微镜下观察显示,EuDXR,EuMCT,EuCMK,EuMDS基因编码蛋白定位于叶绿体,EuACOT和EuHMGR基因编码蛋白定位于内质网,EuHMGS基因编码蛋白定位于细胞质膜。利用转录组测序技术分析上述基因的时空表达特性表明,MEP途径相关基因在杜仲叶片中大量表达,而MVA途径相关基因在杜仲幼果中大量表达,且杜仲幼果比叶片中的橡胶含量高,因此,推断MVA途径在杜仲橡胶合成中占主导作用。     

不同孕期孕妇常见阴道炎病原菌分布状况与药物敏感性分析

目的检查不同孕期孕妇常见阴道炎病原菌分布状况,并对其中的假丝酵母菌进行药物敏感性分析。方法选择孕妇96例为观察组,其中早孕期与晚孕期孕妇各48例,并选择健康检查的生育年龄孕妇24例为对照组,观察三组的BV、VVC检出率情况,并对早孕期与晚孕期孕妇的假丝酵母菌进行药物敏感性分析。结果观察组和对照组BV检出率比较无统计学差异;而VVC检出率相比有显著性差异,其中早孕组和晚孕组比较无统计学差异。早孕期与晚孕期孕妇对制霉菌素,酮康唑,克霉唑药物均有高的敏感性。结论阴道炎已是一种常见孕妇感染性疾病,而孕期阴道炎更应引起广大临床医师高度重视,进行分泌物培养培养和药敏试验是必须的。     

鸡miR-9不同组织表达差异及其功能预测分析

miRNA在动物生长发育过程中有重要作用. 本文采用定制茎环反转录引物,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术构建miR-9在鸡2个阶段11个组织中的表达谱,同时用TargetScan5.1与PicTar两种计算方法对其进行靶基因预测,交集的基因集合分别进行GO（gene ontology）富集分析和生物通路富集分析. 结果表明,采用实时定量PCR检测的miR-9在鸡下丘脑中的表达量和高通量测序结果一致;采用实时定量PCR在对不同组织定量结果表明,miR-9在0日龄鸡的肾脏、下丘脑、腿肌和大脑中高丰度表达,在成年鸡表达量较高为大脑、腿肌、心脏、小脑和下丘脑.在同一组织的0日龄和成年鸡中表达呈现时序性,除肝脏的表达量差异不显著,其他10个组织miR-9表达量差异显著（P<0.05）.预测到交集靶基因有160个.涉及到多个KEGG通路和GO富集中.GO分类结果显示,这些基因分布于63个群中,其中基因超过45个基因群集有26个群,与代谢有关的群有11个. 其它与发育、调控等过程有关. 在KEGG通路分析中,显著的通路有细胞骨架调控、细胞增殖和分化有关的通路（P<0.01）等5个通路. 表明miR 9基因的表达有组织和时序特异性,靶基因参与细胞代谢、生长发育和调控.这些结果为进一步验证miR 9基因在在脑中调控生长发育过程中的作用奠定了基础.     

Analysis of genetic diversity and relationships in East African banana germplasm

The genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of 29 East African highland banana (Musa spp.) cultivars and two outgroup taxa, M. acuminata Calcutta 4 and Agbagba were surveyed by RAPD analysis. A genetic similarity matrix was established based on the presence or absence of polymorphic amplified fragments. Phylogenetic relationships were determined by UPGMA cluster analysis. RAPDs showed that the highland bananas are closely related with a narrow genetic base. Nevertheless, there were sufficient RAPD polymorphisms that were collectively useful in distinguishing the cultivars. The dendrogram was divisible into a major cluster composed of all the AAA highland banana cultivars and Agbagba (AAB) and a minor cluster consisting of Kisubi (AB), Kamaramasenge (AB) and Calcutta 4 (AA). Several subgroups are recognized within the major cluster. RAPD data did not separate beer and cooking banana cultivars. Our study showed that RAPD markers can readily dissect genetic differences between the closely related highland bananas and provide a basis for the selection of parents for improvement of this germplasm. Received: 28 June 2000 / Accepted: 1 August 2000     

DIA-Based Proteomics Identifies IDH2 as a Targetable Regulator of Acquired Drug Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Drug resistance is a critical obstacle to effective treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. To understand the underlying resistance mechanisms in response to imatinib mesylate (IMA) and adriamycin (ADR), the parental K562 cells were treated with low doses of IMA or ADR for 2 months to generate derivative cells with mild, intermediate, and severe resistance to the drugs as defined by their increasing resistance index. PulseDIA-based (DIA [data-independent acquisition]) quantitative proteomics was then employed to reveal the proteome changes in these resistant cells. In total, 7082 proteins from 98,232 peptides were identified and quantified from the dataset using four DIA software tools including OpenSWATH, Spectronaut, DIA-NN, and EncyclopeDIA. Sirtuin signaling pathway was found to be significantly enriched in both ADR-resistant and IMA-resistant K562 cells. In particular, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 was identified as a potential drug target correlated with the drug resistance phenotype, and its inhibition by the antagonist AGI-6780 reversed the acquired resistance in K562 cells to either ADR or IMA. Together, our study has implicated isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 as a potential target that can be therapeutically leveraged to alleviate the drug resistance in K562 cells when treated with IMA and ADR.