Cunxi Wang · Kevan P.C. Croft · David F. Hildebrand

 Auxin [α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indole-3-acetic acid] can induce the expression of lipoxygenases (LOXs) in cultured immature zygotic embryo cotyledons of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr]. These auxin-induced LOXs are different from those normally expressed in seeds but have the same isoelectric points (pI) as those found in seedlings. The pIs of the two seedling LOXs were determined to be 5.09 and 5.23. One of the auxin-induced LOXs has the same pI (5.09) and molecular mass (94 kDa) as seedling LOX4. The partial amino acid sequences from the purified NAA-induced pI-5.09 LOX are identical to those of LOX4. RNA protection assays showed that NAA induces the expression of LOX4 and LOX5 mRNAs in cultured embryo cotyledons where they are not normally expressed. Soybean genotypes with a polymorphic variant of LOX4 in hypocotyls showed the same variation as NAA-induced LOXs in the embryo cotyledons. These results demonstrate that the NAA-induced pI-5.09 LOX is seedling LOX4 and also suggest that auxin might be directly or indirectly involved in seedling LOX expression during seed germination. Received: 10 January 2000 / Revision received: 16 June 2000 / Accepted: 29 June 2000     

On chirality transfer in electron donor-acceptor complexes. A prediction for the sulfinimine···BF3 system

Stabilization energies of the electron donor-acceptor sulfinimine···BF(3) complexes calculated at either the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ or the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level do not allow to judge, whether the N- or O-atom in sulfinimine is stronger electron-donor to BF(3) . The problem seems to be solvable because chirality transfer phenomenon between chiral sulfinimine and achiral BF(3) is expected to be vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) active. Moreover, the bands associated with the achiral BF(3) molecule are predicted to be the most intense in the entire spectrum. However, the VCD band robustness analyses show that most of the chirality transfer modes of BF(3) are unreliable. Conversely, variation of VCD intensity with change of intermolecular distance, angle, and selected dihedrals between the complex partners shows that to establish the robustness of chirality transfer mode. It is also necessary to determine the influence of the potential energy surface (PES) shape on the VCD intensity. At the moment, there is still no universal criterion for the chirality transfer mode robustness and the conclusions formulated based on one system cannot be directly transferred even to a quite similar one. However, it is certain that more attention should be focused on relation of PES shape and the VCD mode robustness problem.     

胰岛素B链中肽段的合成 Ⅰ.苄氧羰甘·苯丙·苯丙·酪·苏·脯·N~6-对甲苯磺酰赖·丙氨酸甲酯的合成

胰岛素B链中C端八肽的衍生物,即Cbz·gly·phe·phe.tyr·thr·pro·(ε-Tos)lys·ala·OCH_(30)曾依(5 3)方案用DCCI法和叠氮法分别合成。其中五肽片段的衍生物也采用不同途径,即DCCI法、活化酯法和叠氮法,C端三肽的衍生物也采用前二法均合成得到相应的均一的产品。N~∈-对甲苯磺酰-八肽及其中间体,Cbz·gly·phe·phe·tyr·thr·OH和H·pro·(∈-Tos)lys·ala·OH分别用羧肽酶、肾羧肽酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶和氨肽酶水解,证明了各个肽段内并无个别可测得的消旋氢基酸存在;而羧肽酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶作用于这些肽段时所水解的肽键的位置,和这些酶水解胰岛素B链本身的结果相符合。     

胰岛素B链中肽段的合成 Ⅱ.苄氧羰白·S-苄基半胱·甘·丝·咪唑-苄基组·白·缬氨酸甲酯的合成

胰岛素B链中B_(6-12)七肽的衍生物,即Cbz·leu·(S-Bz)cys·gly·ser·(im-Bz)his·leu·val·OCH_3曾用DCCI法依(3 4)途径,和叠氮法依(4 3)途径分别合成。两法所得产物的熔点、旋光等数据,完全—致。七肽酯及其中间体自由三肽和自由四肽,均分别用氨肽酶水解,释放出等当量的组成氨基酸,证明并无消旋氨基酸存在。     

胰岛素B链中肽段的合成——Ⅳ.苄氧羰丙·白·酪·白·缬·S-苄基半胱甘氨酸乙酯的合成

胰島素B链中B_(14-20)七肽的衍生物,即cbz·ala·leu·tyr·leu·val·(S-Bz)cys·gly·OC_2H_5,曾用DCCI法和迭氮法依(3 4)途径分别合成。其中三肽片段(B_(14-16))由cbz·ala·OH与H·leu·tyr·OC_2H_5用DCCI法合成,四肽片段(B_(17-20))采用DCCI法依(2 2)途径,和活化酯法依(1 3)途径分別縮合而得。cbz-肽酯經皂化得相应的cbz-肽,再經HBr/HAc处理得自由三肽、S-苄基自由四肽及S-苄基自由七肽。前两者能为羧肽酶或氨肽酶完全消化,証明該两肽段中并无可測得的消旋氨基酸存在,后者能为胰凝乳蛋白酶水解,释放出三肽及四肽,符合該酶的专一性并証明七肽的光学純度。     

Composites of peptide nucleic acids with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. II. Dissociation of DNA/PNA duplexes within TiO2 · polylysine · DNA/PNA nanocomposites and in solution. Effect of polylysine

When creating effective drugs, it is important not only to transport them into cells, but also allow them to be released from the “transporter” after the delivery. It was shown that the dissociation of peptide nucleic acids (PNA) from TiO₂ · PL · DNA/PNA nanocomposites occurred according to a typical thermal denaturation, and polylysine (PL) in the nanocomposite has almost no effect on the dissociation. These data suggest that the immobilization of PNA in the TiO₂ · PL · DNA/PNA nanocomposite is reversible and PNA can be easily released from TiO₂ carrier into solution. In contrast to that, the dissociation of DNA/DNA and DNA/PNA duplexes in physiological solution in the presence of PL was not observed. PL in solution dramatically influences the dependence of the optical density on temperature and time for DNA/DNA duplexes and to a lesser degree for DNA/PNA duplexes. It has been assumed that PL and DNA/DNA duplexes in physiological solutions form triple polycomplexes (DNA/DNA · PL) _m , which can aggregate and precipitate. PL in solution can also interact with DNA/PNA duplexes to form monocomplexes PL · (DNA/PNA) _n consisting of one PL chain and one or more (n) DNA/PNA duplexes. Although these monocomplexes do not precipitate, the dissociation of DNA/PNA duplexes from them is complicated.     

Endogenous U2·U5·U6 snRNA complexes in S. pombe are intron lariat spliceosomes

Excision of introns from pre-mRNAs is mediated by the spliceosome, a multi-megadalton complex consisting of U1, U2, U4/U6, and U5 snRNPs plus scores of associated proteins. Spliceosome assembly and disassembly are highly dynamic processes involving multiple stable intermediates. In this study, we utilized a split TAP-tag approach for large-scale purification of an abundant endogenous U2·U5·U6 complex from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. RNAseq revealed this complex to largely contain excised introns, indicating that it is primarily ILS (intron lariat spliceosome) complexes. These endogenous ILS complexes are remarkably resistant to both high-salt and nuclease digestion. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 68, 45, and 43 proteins in low-salt-, high-salt-, and micrococcal nuclease-treated preps, respectively. The protein content of a S. pombe ILS complex strongly resembles that previously reported for human spliced product (P) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ILS complexes assembled on single pre-mRNAs in vitro. However, the ATP-dependent RNA helicase Brr2 was either substoichiometric in low-salt preps or completely absent from high-salt and MNase preps. Because Brr2 facilitates spliceosome disassembly, its relative absence may explain why the ILS complex accumulates logarithmically growing cultures and the inability of S. pombe extracts to support in vitro splicing.     

胰岛素B链中肽段的合成——Ⅲ.苄氧羰·苯丙·缬·门酰胺·谷酰胺·(Im-苄基)组氨酸苄酯的合成

胰島素B鏈中N-端五肽的衍生物,即N-Cbz·phe·val·asp(NH_2)·glu(NH_2)·(Im-Bz)his·OBz,曾依活化酯法从H·(Im-Bz)his·OBz开始,用N~α-Cbz·glu(NH_2)·ONP,N~α-Cbz·asp(NH_2)·ONP,及N-Cbz·phe·val·ONP依次向N-端引伸而得。此外,該五肽还依(2 3)的方案用DCCI法合成。用N~α-Cbz·phe·val·OH来合成活化酯时有消旋現象产生,但用(1 1)的方案可得光学純的二肽活化酯。从保护的五肽酯(B_(1-5))經較长时期的溴化氫醋酸溶液处理或催化氫化所得的(Im-Bz)-保护的自由五肽能为氨肽酶完全消化。