小麦穗期麦长管蚜发生程度的预测模型研究

应用逐步判别分析方法,对山东省金乡县1982—1989年共8年小麦穗期麦长管蚜发生程度的历史观测资料进行了数量分析,建立了判别方程（预测模型）。将历史资料进行回检,符合率为100％,把1990年的观察资料作为独立样本进行试报,结果与实际相吻合。为害虫种群动态的预测预报提供了一种新的研究方法。     

微机在后季稻褐稻虱发生量预测预报上的应用

应用崇明县历史资料,在PC-IBM电子计算机上组建的“崇明县后季稻褐稻虱发生量预测模型”。经1986～1987年应用,预测与实发基本一致,对1976～1985年的历史资料检验,准确率为90％。本模型在害虫发生前15～20天就能作出预报,因而为及时控制害虫为害提供了有利时机。     

应用马尔可夫链法预测晚稻稻飞虱发生程度

根据化州市 1 979～ 1 999年 2 1年晚稻稻飞虱主害代发生程度的时间序列资料 ,应用马尔可夫链预测法对该市 2 0 0 0年和 2 0 0 1年稻飞虱发生程度进行了预测 ,结果与大田实际发生情况完全一致。对1 985～ 1 999年的历史资料进行回检 ,符合率为 96.7%,可对晚稻稻飞虱的发生程度进行超长期预测。     

刘慎諤教授讲“中国历史植物地理资料”问题

中国科学院林业土壤研究所副所长刘慎谔教授于1964年2月在沈阳对“中国历史植物地理资料”問題作了为期半月余的初讲。参加讲学会的有全国各地有关28个单位,共87人。通过讲学和討論、座談,結合我国各地植物种属的分布以及存在的問題等各方面,互相交流了意見,展开了討論,对今后积累有关历史植物地理资料和开展历史植物地理学方面的工作,提出了初步的方向。全部讲学內容分五部分,共15讲:     

应用逐步二级分辨技术预测第二代棉铃虫发生程度

根据应用逐步二级分辨技术,以山东省曲阜市植保站1982—1993年共12年棉铃虫发生程度的系统调查资料为历史原始数据,建立了3个二级分辨数学模型：y1=-0.0030x1-0.0046x2;y2=0.0600x1-0.0022x2;y2=0.2677x1-0.0132x2运用所建模型。对历史资料进行回代验证,其历史拟合率在90%以上,并对独立样本进行试报,结果与实际一致。     

数学判别模型在预测害虫种群动态上的应用

根据两个总体的Fisher判别准则,建立了预测害虫种群动态的数学判别模型,对山东省惠民县1967～1977年共11年二代棉铃虫发生程度的两类资料进行了数量分析,建立了数学模型：y＝0．0127x1－0．023X2,对历史资料的回代验证与独立样本的预测,符合率在90％以上。     

我国北方农牧区草地螟暴发周期特点及原因剖析

通过对１９７９～１９８５年草地螟暴发的历史资料和近年来发生情况的研究分析,明确了草地螟暴发周期的特点、越冬区的变迁以及造成种群数量暴发的原因。     

宝兴鸟类区系组成与环境的适应

一、四川宝兴的鸟类区系,早在1962—1965年就曾进行过系统调查,并结合历史资料,就其区系组成和历史演变进行了研究分析[李桂垣等,1976动物学报22(1):101—114]。研究表明,一百年来在宝兴地区共记录了鸟类261种与亚种,其中有46种与亚种在解放后未见收录,而从1961年以后,却增录了     

水杉发现大事记——六十年的回顾

“活化石”水杉的故事可以说是家喻户晓,人人皆知。但遗憾的是历史留下的纪录并不完整,有的也不准确,甚至错误。笔者收集了一千多篇有关文献(包括书信、手稿、中外文的原始文献,但不包括百科全书和专家传记等),信访了国内外几十位有关人员,走访了武汉、重庆、南京、北京等有关单位,并于2002年8月参观了水杉故乡。然而,历史毕竟过去了半个多世纪了,很多原始资料已无从查找,昔日许多主要的当事人已全部作古,更遗憾的是他们生前并未都留下有关的亲身经历。因此,本文也只是作一个初步的总结;至于更详尽的历史资料还有待于进一步考证,其中包括水…     

水稻二化螟［Chilo suppressalis（Walker）］发生期预测模型的探讨

本文利用福建省永安市１９７８－１９８８年诱虫灯下二化螟蛾发生期资料和气象资料,通过影响因子与预测对象的相关分析来选择初选因子．再应用逐步判别分析方法建立第一代二化螟蛾发生期的预测模型。经对历史资料的回报检验,该模型的判别率达９０．１－１００％;经１９８９和１９９０年实报,预报等级符合实际发生等级。     

Copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes of chiral tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (TTF-OX) and tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyl-oxazoline (TTF-SMe-OX) derivatives

Synthesis and single crystal X-ray structures of the first paramagnetic transition metal complexes containing chiral ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (EDT-TTF-OX) 1a-c and ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyloxazoline 2 (EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX) ligands based on copper (II) and cobalt (II) are described. The racemic [EDT-TTF-OX][Cu(hfac)₂] complex 3a crystallizes in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group , whereas the enantiopure counterparts 3b-c crystallize in the triclinic non-centrosymmetric space group P1. Cu(II) adopts a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry, a much weaker Cu?S_TTF interaction also being identified. The same coordination pattern around Cu(II) is observed in the complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Cu(hfac)₂] (4) in spite of the bidentate nature of the redox active ligand. DFT theoretical calculations afforded two equilibrium configurations for a corresponding model complex, in which the metal centre establishes secondary coordination either with one S_TTF or with the SMe group. The same ligand coordinates the cobalt (II) to afford the octahedral complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Co(hfac)₂] (5). In all these novel complexes, the paramagnetic centres are structurally and magnetically isolated. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show the stability of the radical cation species.     

The larval head of Exechia (Mycetophilidae) and Bibio (Bibionidae) (Diptera)

Exechia and Bibio have retained several plesiomorphic groundplan features of Diptera and Bibionomorpha, including a fully exposed and sclerotized head capsule, the transverse undivided labrum, the absence of movable premandibles, and undivided mandibles without combs. The fusion of the hypostomal bridge with the head capsule and largely reduced antennae are derived features shared by both taxa. The absence of teeth at the anterior hypostomal margin is a potential autapomorphy of Bibionomorpha. A basal position of Anisopodidae is suggested by a number of plesiomorphies retained in this family. Apomorphies of Bibionomorpha excluding Anisopodidae are the reduction of tentorial elements, the partial fusion of the labrum and clypeus, one-segmented antennae, the absence of a separate submental sclerite, the loss of the labial palpus, and the reduction of the pharyngeal filter apparatus. Head structures of Bibio are largely unmodified. The subprognathous orientation is one of few autapomorphic features. In contrast, the mouthparts of Exechia are highly modified in correlation with the specialized food uptake. The rasping counterrotating movements of maxillae and mandibles with teeth oriented in opposite directions are carried out by strongly developed extensors and flexors of the paired mouthparts. The modified labium mechanically supports the “drill head” formed by the mandibles und maxillae. The necessary stability of the head capsule is provided by the hypostomal bridge which also compensates the far-reaching reduction of the tentorium.     

The helix-coil transitions of poly (dA)-poly (dT) and poly (dA-dT)-poly (dA-dT)

Helix–coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.⁵ The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k > 1.70.     

Cladistic analysis of Simulium (Trichodagmia) and Simulium (Thyrsopelma) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

A cladistic analysis of Simulium ( Trichodagmia ) sensu Crosskey and Howard, using 34 morphological characters of larvae (6 characters), pupa (5) and adults (23), yields nine most parsimonious trees under equal weights (length 101 steps CI 0.49 RI 0.73). Successive weighting based on the maximal rescaled consistency index preferred one of the nine (31.37 steps CI 0.62 RI 0.87 total fit_con3= 235.8), which was also one of two trees found under implicit weights with concavity values of 3–6. The cladogram justifies the recognition of two subgenera. Simulium ( Trichodagmia ) sensu stricto (containing S. muiscorum, sumapazense, S. wygodzinskyorum, S. nigrimanum, S. chalcocoma, S. huairayacu and S. lahillei ) is supported by the branchial tip sclerotization and the presence of cibarial teeth, larval body tegument covered with lanceolate hairs, female with simple claw, and gonapophysis size. Simulium ( Thyrsopelma ) (containing S. scutistriatum, S. hirtipupa, S. orbitale, S. guianense, S. perplexum and S. itaunense ) is supported by the hypostomial teeth.     

Amidino-complexes of iron(II) and (III)

Lithioamidines {R′N(Li)C(R)NR′, I; R = CH₃, R′ = C₆H₅, p-CH₃,C₆H₄} react with iron(III) chloride

in monoglyme to produce navy-blue, high spin Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}₃ complexes which are extremely air and moisture sensitive. The corresponding reaction when R = R′ = C₆H₅ produces a soluble red complex and an air-stable green complex, whereas when R = H, R′ = C₆H₅ and R = R′ = C₆H₅ and the reaction is started at ca. ?20°, red and green complexes respectively are formed. Though all the complexes are formulated Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}₃, their properties reflect association through bridging amidino-groups. Iron(II) chloride reacts with I(R = CH₃, R′ = p-CH₃C₆H₄) to form two complexes, one crimson and soluble in organic solvents, and one brown and insoluble, which are fomulated [Fe{R′NC(R)NR′}₂]_n. The iron(III) complexes failed to react with, or were decomposed by, a variety of reducing, electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents, though blue Fe{p-CH₃C₆H₄NC(CH₃)N-p-CH₃C₆H₄}₃ reacts readily with nitric oxide to form a purple addition complex from which the N-nitroso-compound p-CH₃C₆H₄NC(CH₃)N(NO)-p-CH₃C₆H₄ was obtained in high yield. Treatment of the corresponding brown iron(II) complex with nitric oxide gave no reaction.     

Sericolophus (Pheronematidae) and Hernandeziana (Corythophoridae) are synonyms (Hexactinellida: Porifera)

Eight specimens of Sericolophus reflexus (Ijima) were compared with the holotype of Hernandeziana ijimae (Hernandez) to assess suspected synonymy of these taxa. An extensive morphometric analysis of the spicules available in these specimens of variable condition show that the H. ijimae holotype exhibits characters near the centre of the range of S. reflexus. It is concluded that H. ijimae is a junior synonym of S. reflexus , and that the family Corythophoridae de Laubenfels is invalid by preoccupation of its base generic name.     

Some complexes of 2.3-Dimercaptopropanol (BAL) with gold(I) and gold(III)

2, 3-Dimercaptopropanol (BAL) reacted with the tetrachloroaurate ion in solution to form a series of insoluble polymers of definite stoichiometry. Both gold(I) and gold(III) have been identified in these compounds. Reaction of BAL with the tetrabromoaurate ion and with thiomalic acid and D-penicillamine complexes of gold also produced insoluble precipitates. However, with an L-cysteine complex of gold no precipitate was isolated, although there was evidence of replacement of cysteine with BAL. The implications of these results for the use of BAL in cases of gold toxicity are discussed     

fra(1) (p11), fra(1) (q22) and r(1) (p11q22) in a retarded girl.

A mentally retarded girl with a 46,XX/47, XX+r(1) (p11q22q22p11)/47, XX+r(1) (p11q22) fra(1) (p31) fra(1) (p11) fra(1) (q22) karyotype who inherited the fragile sites from the normal mother was studied. The conicidence of fra(1) (p11) and fra(1) (q22) with the ring chromosome breakpoints strongly suggests a cause-effect relationship. This finding agrees with other reported associations between fragile sites and structural chromosome abnormalities and constitutes the fourth reported of a de novo structurally abnormal chromosome as a consequence of presumed in vivo fragile sites instability. Although risk figures for chromosome anomalies and cancer associated with fragile sites are lacking, carriers of fra (1) (p11) may have a higher risk for abnormalities of chromosome 1 in somatic and gonadal cells than the general population.     

Binding of tetrakis(pyrazoliumyl)porphyrin and its copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes to poly(dG-dC)2 and poly(dA-dT)2

Interactions of cationic porphyrins bearing five-membered rings at the meso position, meso-tetrakis(1,2-dimethylpyrazolium-4-yl)porphyrin (MPzP; M is H₂, Cu^II or Zn^II), with synthetic polynucleotides poly(dG-dC)₂ and poly(dA-dT)₂ have been characterized by viscometric, visible absorption, circular dichroisim and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic and melting temperature measurements. Both H₂PzP and CuPzP are intercalated into poly(dG-dC)₂ and are outside-bound to the major groove of poly(dA-dT)₂, while ZnPzP is outside-bound to the minor groove of poly(dA-dT)₂ and surprisingly is intercalated into poly(dG-dC)₂. The binding constants of the porphyrin and poly(dG-dC)₂ and poly(dA-dT)₂ are on the order of 10⁶ M⁻¹ and are comparable to those of other cationic porphyrins so far reported. The process of the binding of the porphyrin to poly(dG-dC)₂ and poly(dA-dT)₂ is exothermic and enthalpically driven for H₂PzP, whereas it is endothermic and entropically driven for CuPzP and ZnPzP. These results have revealed that the kind of the central metal ion of metalloporphyrins influences the characteristics of the binding of the porphyrins to DNA.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users.     

Preparation and characterization of (9-methyladenine)triammineplatinum(II) and trans-dihydroxo(9-methyladenine)triammineplatinum(IV) complexes

The preparation is reported of [(NH₃)₃Pt(9- MeA)] X₂ (9-MeA = 9-methyladenine) with XCl (1a) and XClO₄ (1b) and of trans-[(OH)₂Pt(NH₃)₃- (9-MeA)]X₂ with XCl (2a) and XClO₄ (2b), and the crystal structure of 1b. [(NH₃)₃Pt(C₆H₇N₅)](ClO₄)₂ crystallizes in space group P2₁/n with a = 20.810(7) Å, b = 7.697(3) Å, c = 10.567(4) Å, β = 91.57(6)°, Z = 4. The structure was refined to R = 0.054, R_w = 0.063. In all four compounds Pt coordination is through N7 of 9-MeA, as is evident from ³J coupling between H8 of the adenine ring and ¹⁹⁵Pt. Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes can be differentiated on the basis of different ³J values, larger for Pt(II) than for Pt(IV) by a factor of 1.57 (av). In Me₂SO-d₆, hydrogen bonding occurs between Cl^? and C(8)H of 9-MeA as weil as between Cl^? and the NH₃ groups in the case of the Pt(II) complex 1a. Protonation of the 9-MeA ligands was followed using ¹H NMR spectroscopy and pK_a values for the N1 protonated 9-MeA ligands were determined in D₂O. They are 1.9 for 1a and 1.8 for 2a, which compares with 4.5 for the non-platinated 9-MeA. Possible consequences for hydrogen bonding with the complementary bases thymine or uracil are discussed briefly. Protonation of the OH groups in the Pt(IV) complexes has been shown not to occur above pH 1.