打顶后施用生长素(IAA)和钾肥对烤烟碳氮代谢的影响

研究了不打顶(T1)、打顶(T2)、打顶 追施K_2SO_4(T_3)、打顶 涂抹生长素1次(T4)、打顶 追施K2SO4 涂抹生长素1次(T5)、打顶 追施K2SO4 涂抹生长素2次(T6)等6种调控措施对烤烟碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明:由打顶当天到打顶后30d,烤烟淀粉酶活性总体上表现为下降后又略有上升的趋势,转化酶(INV)活性则逐渐降低;2种酶活性均以T6最高,T1最低,且差异达到极显著水平;除T1外,各处理在打顶后的淀粉含量逐渐升高,总糖含量则呈现上升后又逐步下降的变化,至打顶后30d,淀粉和总糖含量均以T6最高,T1最低;随生育时期延长,硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和蛋白质含量均表现为逐渐下降的趋势。打顶后30d,T6的NR活性和蛋白质含量均为最高;在打顶后30d,以T5的NR/INV比值最大。打顶当天在顶端涂抹生长素,同时追施K2SO4肥,可促进烤烟生长和碳氮代谢。     

磷用量对烤烟根系及其与地上部关系的影响

以‘豫烟10号’为材料,研究大田生育期内不同磷肥用量对烤烟根干质量等根系指标的影响,以及根系和地上部物质分配、矿质营养积累的差异.结果表明:施磷能显著促进烤烟根系发育和干物质向地上部的分配,30 kg P2O5·hm-2处理烟株具有最大的根干质量、根体积、根系活力和最小的根冠比.烤烟根系和叶片对养分的最大积累速率依次出现在移栽后57～66 d和44～55 d,施磷不仅能促进烟株对养分的吸收,使养分最大积累速率提早出现,而且能显著促进烟株地上部的养分积累,但当施磷量超过30 kg P2O5·hm-2时,上述促进作用反而减弱.在生产上应合理施磷,以提高烟叶品质.     

辣椒根系分泌的潜力化感物质对生菜幼苗抗氧化代谢的影响

以盆栽辣椒为试验材料,采用树脂吸附萃取和气质联用仪测定辣椒根系分泌物,分析、确定其中的疑似化感物质。分别使用6种（0、2、4、8、12、16μg·mL-1）不同浓度的外源潜力化感物质处理生菜种子,通过种子发芽、幼苗生长分析其潜力化感作用,并研究其对生菜幼苗抗氧化代谢的影响。结果表明,2,6-二叔丁基苯酚（2,6-DTBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）为辣椒根系分泌的潜力化感物质,随三种潜力化感物质浓度的增加,生菜幼苗的谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和抗坏血酸氧化酶（APx）活性先增加后降低。2,6．DTBP、DIBP和DBP4化感抑制作用的低限浓度分别为4、8、8pg·mL-1,三者通过降低GSH含量而损伤生菜幼苗的抗氧化代谢系统。     

打顶对烤烟谷氨酰胺合成酶和天冬酰胺合成酶活性的影响

本文探讨烤烟打顶后,烟株根系和烟叶中谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和天冬酰胺合成酶（AS）的活性变化与烟叶中烟碱积累的关系。     

施氮肥和钙肥对烤烟根系形态、生理代谢及产量的影响

为了解氮肥和钙肥对烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)生长的影响,对成熟期烤烟的根系形态、生理代谢指标和产量进行了研究。结果表明,与施0.12 g kg^-1氮相比,施0.20 g kg^-1氮的烤烟根系最长侧根长、根系体积、根干重、叶干重和可溶性蛋白质含量均极显著升高,MDA含量极显著下降,SOD活性显著下降,但对侧根数、CAT活性和O₂^·的影响均不显著。施钙0.40 g kg^-1,根系体积、侧根数、CAT和SOD活性以及可溶性蛋白质含量均比对照提高,MDA含量和O₂^·则降低;施钙1.00 g kg^-1,最长侧根长、根干重和叶干重均提高。氮×钙互作对烤烟的最长侧根长、根系体积、根干重、叶干重和生理代谢指标的影响均极显著,但对侧根数的影响不显著。因此,施0.20 g kg^-1氮和0.40 g kg^-1钙能最大限度地改善烤烟根系形态、生理状况及提高产量。     

盐胁迫下大麦根系多胺代谢与其耐盐性的关系

研究了0－300mmol/L NaCl对大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.)幼苗生长速率,根系游离和结合态多胺含量以及多胺生物合成关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,在0－200mmol/L NaCl处理下精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）、多胺氧化酶（PAO）以及转谷酰胺酶（TGase)活性明显提高,而在300mol/L NaCl处理下活性下降,与之对应,游离腐胺（Put)含量随处理盐浓度的提高一直呈上升趋势。亚精胺（Spd)和在根系内检测到的未知多胺（PAx）在低浓度盐处理时含量上升,随盐浓度的提高含量下降,盐处理前后精胺（Spm)含量变化不明显,低浓度盐处理时游离态（Spd PAx)/Put上升,随盐浓度的提高比值明显下降,结合态Put,Spd和PAx含量以及结合态多胺总量均在低浓度盐处理时上升,随盐浓度的提高含量明显下降,统计分析显示,大麦相对生长速率与游离态（Spd PAx）／Put和结合态多胺含量间均呈极显著正相关关系,与游离态多胺和结合态多胺的比值间均呈显著负相关关系,上述结果说明盐胁迫下大麦体内游离态Spd,PAx与Put以及结合态形式之间的平衡与大麦耐盐性关系密切,游离态Put向Spd,PAx以及结合态形式转化均有利于大麦耐盐性的提高。     

干旱胁迫对不同烤烟品种根系生长和生理特性的影响

以抗旱型烤烟品种‘农大202'及一般型烤烟品种‘NC89'和‘K326'为材料,采用盆栽试验研究了干旱胁迫对根系生长和生理特性的影响,以明确各烟草品种的抗旱能力及其与根系生长和生理特性的关系.结果显示:严重干旱胁迫之后各烤烟品种根系鲜重、干重上升,而根系活力、根系吸收面积以及根系SOD和POD活性等根系生理指标则呈下降趋势.在干旱胁迫条件下,‘农大202'的根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积、根系活力、SOD活性和POD活性均显著高于两对照品种‘NC89'和‘K326',但其根系鲜重和干重等生物量并不具有太大的优势.研究表明,烟草的根系生长和生理特性对环境水分条件的响应存在明显的基因型差异;在干旱胁迫条件下, ‘农大202'根系能保持较高总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积、根系活力和保护酶活性,是其具有较强抗旱性的生理基础.     

烤烟根系分泌物中单糖的组分含量及其相关分析

以4个不同烤烟品种为研究材料,采用盆栽试验,运用高效毛细管区带电泳法测定各品种根际土、非根际土、根系及叶片中的单糖组分及含量,并分析其相关关系,探究根系分泌物中糖类的分泌特性。结果表明：在各样品中,共检出木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、核糖、阿拉伯糖和鼠李糖6种糖;不同品种根际土、非根际土、根系及叶片中检出的糖组分及含量均存在差异;同一品种中,叶片最高,根系次之,根际土和非根际土最低;相关性分析表明,木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖和半乳糖总量在根际土、非根际土、叶片和根系间呈正相关关系,各单糖组分间均呈正相关关系,部分组分呈显著或极显著相关关系。研究表明,不同烤烟品种根系分泌这些单糖存在品种差异,且根系分泌单糖可能是一个沿浓度梯度的扩散过程。     

棉花体细胞再生过程中代谢物质变化规律的初探

本文对诱导起始到胚分化整个过程中的愈伤组织的代谢物质进行生理生化分析,得到如下结果：１、可溶性糖和淀粉含量随着培养天数增加逐渐下降,下降趋势分别符合方程ｙ＝１．０５７２－０．００５９ｘ,ｙ＝２．３４２－０．０１１４ｘ;２、蛋白质和核酸含量随着培养天数增加逐渐上升,上升趋势分别符合方程：ｙ＝０．２６１＋０．００５４ｘ,ｙ＝０．３２９＋０．００２３ｘ。     

枸杞花粉发育进程中花蕾和叶片物质代谢与育性的关系

以宁夏枸杞主栽品种'宁杞1号'的雄性不育株和可育株为研究材料,通过测定它们枝条生长速率,花粉不同发育时期花蕾和叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量以及硝酸还原酶活性,比较不育株与可育株在发育进程中物质代谢的差异.结果表明:在枸杞花粉发育进程中,不育株枝条生长速率快,花蕾和叶片的叶绿素含量高,而脯氨酸严重缺乏,可溶性糖含量和硝酸还原酶活性低,且各个发育阶段不育株和可育株均存在明显差异.可见,'宁杞1号'不育株物质代谢水平低,缺乏生理活性物质积累,使花粉发育有关基因的表达受到抑制,最终影响了其育性的正常表达.     

A Study of the Relationship between Root and Shoot Metabolism

The influence of light and dark on the respiration rate, sugarlevel, and rubidium uptake of the roots of young sunflower andbarley plants has been investigated. The rate of root respirationwas found to be closely correlated with the rate of carbohydratetransport from the shoots. This enabled the energy requiredfor root growth to be calculated. A period of darkness causeda reduction in rubidium uptake and transport which appearedto be due to the reduced rate of root metabolism in the dark.The experiments of some earlier workers on the effect of transpirationon rubidium uptake by young sunflower and barley plants wererepeated. The results indicated that they were studying themetabolic effect of light and dark on salt uptake as well asthe effect of transpiration.     

Body Composition and Tissue Distributions in Growth Hormone Deficient Adults Before and After Growth Hormone Treatment

This study examines short and long-term effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on body composition and regional tissue distributions by using a multicompartment technique based on computed tomography. Part I includes nine subjects aged 46 ± 9 years with adult onset GH deficiency who were examined before and in the end of 6 months treatment with rhGH (0.4 U. kg^?1. week^?1) in a double-blind crossover trial. Part II is an ongoing open trial including seven of the males in part I. They were treated with rhGH (0.25 U. kg^?1. week^?1) over an additional period of 24 months. Adipose tissue (AT) was reduced by 4.7 kg (p<0.01) while the muscle plus skin compartment (M) and visceral organs (V) were increased by 2.4 (p<0.05) and 0.7 kg (p<0.01), respectively, over 6 months of treatment with a high rhGH dose. A preferential lipid mobilization occurred in the visceral and subcutaneous trunk depots resulting in a changed AT distribution. Muscles of legs and arms increased while the increase of trunk muscles did not reach significance. The body composition changes were maintained over 2 years additional treatment. The preferential loss in visceral AT was further pronounced while other changes in tissue distributions observed during the first 6 months tended to be reversed on the lower rhGH dosage. It is concluded that growth hormone has profound and discordant effects on AT, M and V and with associated changes in tissue distributions. The beneficial effects on body composition seen in short-term treatment is preserved throughout an additional 24 months period of treatment.     

甲亢患者甲状腺激素水平与血脂代谢相关性分析及临床意义探讨

目的:探讨甲亢患者甲状腺激素水平与血脂代谢指标之间的关系。方法:对160例甲亢患者治疗前后的甲状腺激素(TH)水平、血脂水平进行对照分析。结果:甲亢治疗前后与健康对照组比较,游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)明显增高,促甲状腺激素(TSH)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A(apoAΙ)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)均明显降低,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:甲状腺激素与脂类代谢密切相关,临床上在诊治甲亢患者时,应当加强血脂水平的监测,以便更好地指导临床诊治,为疾病的发生发展、判断预后提供有价值的实验室检测指标。     

甲状腺激素水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的回顾性研究

目的:观察冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病,coronary heart disease,CHD)患者甲状腺激素水平的变化规律.方法:选取2010年至2011年在我院住院患者共299例,入选标准:年龄30岁～80岁之间;心功能Ⅰ-Ⅱ级;入选前未接受甲状腺激素及胺碘酮治疗.根据冠状动脉造影结果分为:对照组91例,实验组208例,实验组根据血管病变数量再分为单支血管病变组72例,双支血管病变组87例,及三支血管病变组49例,用放射免疫方法于造影前检测甲状腺激素水平,比较各组间FT3、FT4、TT3、TT4及TSH水平.结果:与对照组相比,实验组血清FT3水平下降,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05);其中三支血管病变组患者血浆FT3水平显著低于双支血管病变组,双支血管病变组患者血浆FT3水平显著低于单支血管病变组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各组间血清TT4、TT3、FT4、TSH水平比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:冠心病患者FT3呈低水平状态,且随着血管病变加重FT3下降越明显,检查甲状腺激素水平具有重要临床意义.     

Expression of the Bovine Growth Hormone Alters the Root Morphology in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

The bovine growth hormone (bGH) is a natural peptide hormone that controls the differentiation, growth and metabolism, and is produced in the pituitary gland of cows. For the production of bGH from plants, two different bgh clones, of which the pGAbGH1 contaions only mature peptide sequences and the pGAbGH15 contains signal sequences and the first intron, as well as mature peptide sequences, were used. Those bghs under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and NOS terminator were introduced to tobacco plants via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. By PCR analyses using bgh and nptII specific primers, 17 and 21 putative transformants were respectively selected from pGAbGH1- and pGAbGH15-transformed tobacco plants. Northern blot analysis showed that the most of the transgenic lines expressed the bgh mRNA. Western blot analysis revealed that the pGAbGH1-transformed tobaccos produced recombinant bGH, but pGAbGH15-transformed ones did not produce the protein. Interestingly, some morphological changes were observed in the roots of transgenic tobacco plants. The transgenic tobacco plants had thick and short roots containing few root hairs in contrast to the non-transformed wild type plants.     

植物根冠关系

介绍最近15年来植物根、冠关系的定性和定量研究进展,并对根、冠结构与功能的依赖与制约,其对逆境信号的响应、传递与调节及各种描述根冠定量关系的模型进行了分析与讨论,提出植物对水分和养分的高效利用可归结为根、冠结构功能匹配问题的看法.     

烟草数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势关系的研究

利用８个数量性状计算了主成分遗传距离,对１５个烟草品种进行聚类,在４３７的阀值下可将１５个一分为５大类,分类结果与品种地理来无必然的联系,而与品种的血缘头等级一定的联系,可将烤纯烟和晒晾烟分开,在一定程度上反映了品种的遗传差异,Ｆ１产量杂种优势指数（Ｆ１／ＭＰ）与亲本间遗传距离（Ｄ＾２）相关系数不显,二呈抛物线关系,在Ｄ＾２〈５．６３的范围内,二呈一直线关系,二相关系数为０．５１１。达极显     

烟草数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势关系的研究

利用8个数量性状计算了主成分遗传距离,对15个烟草品种进行了聚类,在4.37的阀值下可将15个亲本分为5大类,分类结果与品种地理来源无必然的联系,而与品种的血缘关系有一定的联系,可将烤烟和晒晾烟分开,在一定程度上反映了品种的遗传差异。F1产量杂种优势指数(F1/MP）与亲本间遗传距离（D2）相关系数不显著,二者呈抛物线关系。在D2<5.63的范围内,二者呈一直线关系,二者相关系数为0.511**,达极显著水平,在此范围内随D2增大,优势指数增大,杂种优势增大,当D2>5.63时,亲本间D2增大,优势指数呈下降趋势。建议在杂种优势利用中选择遗传距离中等偏小的品种做亲本。 Abstract:Fifteen tobacco parental cultivars of 24 hybrids were classified into five groups on 4.37 clustering level by the genetic distance calculated on 8 agronomic quantitative characters. The relative cultivars were clustered into the same group. The result of correlation analysis showed that there was a parabola relationship between genetic distance (D2)and yield heterosis (F1/Mp). WhenD2<5.63, the correlative coefficient was significant(r=0.511**), and the heterosis increased with the increasing of genetic distance. When D2>5.63, the heterosis decreased with the increasing of genetic distance. Therefore, in order to obtain higher heterosis of yield in tobacco, it might be better to choose cultivars with small to medium genetic distance as crossing parents.     

Glucose Metabolism of L Cells Before and After Infection with Chlamydia psittaci

Glucose was not utilized at significantly different rates in suspensions of multiplying and nonmultiplying adult mouse fibroblasts (L cells). Infection of L cells with Chlamydia psittaci (strain meningopneumonitis) increased the rates of glucose utilization and lactate accumulation during the first 24 hr after infection without changing the rates of glucose utilization by the pentose or tricarboxylic acid cycles. It was concluded that the increased aerobic glycolysis represented a host response to infection and not a parasite activity. The 6BC strain of C. psittaci and the mouse pneumonitis strain of C. trachomatis produced similar changes in the glucose metabolism of L-cells. These results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that chlamydiae generate to metabolic energy of their own and live by exploiting the energy-rich compounds produced by their hosts.