华重楼灰霉病菌灰葡萄孢ITS分型及SSR遗传多样性分析

华重楼灰霉病在湖北和湖南两省多有发生,己对华重楼药材生产构成了严重威胁.为明确该病菌的遗传多样性水平,本研究对分离自两省10个地区的92株华重楼灰霉病菌进行了 rDNA-ITS分子鉴定,同时采用SSR-PCR技术进行了遗传多样性分析.rDNA-ITS分子鉴定结果表明92株病原菌均为灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinere...     

ISSR分子标记检测大麻遗传多样性的初步分析

目的:利用ISSR分子标记技术初步检测和分析中国云南和内蒙地区毒品原植物大麻的遗传多样性。方法:用CTAR法提取大麻基因组DNA,设计10个ISSR引物,扩增产物采用6%中性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳-硝酸银染色法检测,根据出现的条带数目和片段大小等分析大麻的多样性。结果:从10个ISSR引物中筛选出的4个引物用于2个地区的大麻基因组DNA扩增,PCR产物可以检测到51条重复性较好、带型清晰的DNA片段,其多态性总体比率为78.43%。云南地区和内蒙地区大麻样品可分别获得43和33条带,其中多态性条带分别为33条(76.74%)和21条(63.64%)。结论:ISSR分子标记技术揭示了大麻具有较高的遗传多样性,对于鉴别犯罪现场大麻检材的产地及种属来源具有一定的价值。     

核盘菌和灰葡萄孢基因组中的简单重复序列分析

利用公共的真菌基因组数据库资源, 对核盘菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）和灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）基因组中SSRs的结构类型、分布、丰度及最长序列等进行了系统分析, 并与已经研究过的禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum）, 稻瘟病菌（Magnaporthe grisea）和黑粉菌（Ustilago maydis）等几种植物病原真菌基因组中的SSRs进行了比较。结果表明: 核盘菌和灰葡萄孢基因组中的SSRs非常丰富, 分别为6 539和8 627个, 并且在结构类型和分布规律上具有一定的相似性; 与其他几种病原真菌相比, 核盘菌和灰葡萄孢基因组中长重复的四、五、六核苷酸基序更为丰富, 从而使得这两种真菌具有更高的变异性。同时, 我们发现真菌基因组中SSRs的丰度与基因组的大小及GC含量没有必然的关系。文章对核盘菌和灰葡萄孢基因组中SSRs的丰度、出现频率及最长基序的分析为快速、便捷地设计多态性丰富的SSRs引物提供了有益的信息。     

根癌农杆菌介导的灰葡萄孢菌遗传转化研究

以pCAMBIA1300-N载体为骨架, 成功构建了以绿色荧光蛋白(gfp)为报告基因, 潮霉素(hph)为抗性筛选标记的载体pKPG, 并利用根癌农杆菌介导转化系统, 成功获得了能表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组灰葡萄孢菌。通过PCR检测转化子的绿色荧光蛋白基因和潮霉素抗性表达框, 观察菌丝和分生孢子的荧光表型, 以及gfp基因的Southern杂交验证, 结果表明：被测转化子基因组中均成功整合了目的基因片段。     

33株尖孢镰刀菌遗传多样性的ISSR分析

为明确尖孢镰刀菌种内各菌株间的遗传差异与亲缘关系,采用ISSR分子标记技术对33株地理来源不同的尖孢镰刀菌进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明:利用筛选出的11条引物扩增出105条条带,其中多态性条带91条,多态性位点比例为86.7％;遗传相似性与聚类分析结果供试菌株间的遗传相似系数为0.606 ～0.962,平均0.756,当遗传相似系数为0.962时,供试的33株菌可被全部区分开.表明,尖孢镰刀菌基因组在SSR区域具有丰富的多态性.寄主来源相同的供试菌株间的遗传相似性与其地理来源有一定的相关性.     

灰葡萄孢产孢新基因的功能分析

灰葡萄孢是一种重要的植物病原真菌,其寄主范围广泛,能危害世界上230多种双子叶植物,常给农业生产造成重大的经济损失[1-3].由灰葡萄孢引起的灰霉病是目前我国温室蔬菜生产中最主要的病害之一,一般造成全年减产20％-25％,严重时达到40％以上[4].因此,研究该病菌的致病机理对该病防治具有重要意义,并且随着灰葡萄孢基因组测序的完成,灰葡萄孢已成为发育生物学、分子植物病理学研究的模式生物之一.     

利用ISSR标记分析红脂大小蠹微生境中球孢白僵菌遗传多样性

针对红脂大小蠹危害程度不同的3个地区的球孢白僵菌种群,利用ISSR（inter-simple sequence repeat）分子标记分析了各个种群的遗传多样性。从19条引物中筛选出10条多态性高、稳定性好的ISSR引物用于扩增分析。68株球孢白僵菌的Nei’s基因多样性（h）为0.2973,Shannon指数（Is）为0.4488。旬邑、宜君、古交3地白僵菌种群间的基因分化系数（GST）为0.0525,基因流（Nm）为9.0255;而来源于土壤、红脂大小蠹、蛀屑和树皮的白僵菌种群间的基因分化系数为0.1449,基因流为2.9508。各球孢白僵菌种群表现出不同的多样性水平,旬邑种群和红脂大小蠹虫种群的遗传多样性相对较高;地理分布种群间的差异不如分离基质种群间的差异明显,地理分布种群间存在明显的基因交流,而分离基质种群间的基因流较低,遗传分化明显。     

甲基营养型芽孢杆菌拮抗玉蜀黍尾孢菌、链格菌和灰葡萄孢菌及环脂肽分析

[目的]探究甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)对植物病原菌玉蜀黍尾孢菌(Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon et Daniels)、链格菌(Alternaria alternate)和灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)的拮抗作用并鉴定抗菌物质,为其...     

枯草芽胞杆菌EDR4抑制灰葡萄孢菌的细胞学研究

通过菌丝生长抑制方法测定枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis EDR4对灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制作用,利用电子显微镜观察受到抑制的灰葡萄孢菌丝形态和细胞结构的变化。结果表明,菌丝生长异常,分支变多,出现不规则膨大和缢缩;线粒体数量异常增多并出现不规则肿胀;细胞质外渗,出现空腔化细胞;细胞器泡囊化解体和细胞崩解,细胞趋于死亡。     

灰葡萄孢菌过氧化物酶体及细胞核的荧光蛋白标记

[目的]对灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)的细胞核和过氧化物酶体进行荧光蛋白标记,为研究其生长发育和侵染过程中细胞结构和细胞器动态提供基础.[方法]以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和红色荧光蛋白(DsRED、mCherry)为报告基因,利用根癌农杆菌介导转化(Agrobacterium tumefaciens m...     

Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity among Botrytis cinerea Isolates in Iran

Forty-four Botrytis cinerea isolates from different hosts and geographical regions were studied for colony morphology, mycelial growth rate at different temperatures, pathogenicity and molecular diversity. Botrytis cinerea isolates had temperature optima of 20–25°C and isolates showed variation in growth rate at different temperatures. Two morphological types were identified among tested isolates: mycelial and sclerotial. The pathogenicity of isolates was tested on grapevine leaves, and it was revealed that nine of 44 isolates were non-pathogenic and among them seven were of mycelial type. There was no correlation between mycelium growth rate and pathogenicity. Genetic diversity was investigated using nine arbitrary decaprimers. No relationship was found between molecular clusters and geographical region or sampling time; whereas isolates from the same plant host tended to cluster with each other. Seven of nine non-pathogenic isolates were separated from pathogenic ones.     

Mycoviruses of Botrytis cinerea isolates from different hosts

Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph Botryotinia fuckeliana) is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus that causes grey mould and enormous economic losses worldwide in different crops. Control of B. cinerea is difficult due to the appearance of fungicide‐resistant isolates, and the diversity in virulence due to genetic variability and, perhaps, the infection with mycoviruses or fungal viruses. The discovery of mycoviruses and their possible application as biocontrol agents, as well as their use as tools to study the plant–pathogen interaction, has encouraged their study in B. cinerea. Herein, we have analysed the occurrence of mycoviruses in Spanish B. cinerea isolates to approach a better understanding of the interactions among viruses, fungi and plants in this pathosystem. Fifty‐five percent of the B. cinerea isolates analysed contained double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements, and the number of dsRNA elements, their relative concentration and size were variable among isolates. Some of these dsRNAs were related to the presence of virus like rod or isometric particles, and to cellular degeneration and malformed mitochondria. We have also demonstrated that a 3 kb dsRNA present in 55% of the isolates having dsRNA elements was a mycovirus genome. Partial sequence of that mycovirus presented high identity in nucleotide and amino acid sequence with Botrytis cinerea mitovirus 1 (BcMV1). Analysis of the genetic distance within Spanish BcMV1 sequences showed the existence of different isolates of this mitovirus inside the Spanish B. cinerea population analysed. This is the first report of the variability of dsRNA elements and the partial genome sequence of a mitovirus associated with Spanish B. cinerea isolates and the genetic diversity within Spanish isolates of BcMV1.     

Effect of calcium on cell-wall degrading enzymes of Botrytis cinerea

Effective anti-Botrytis strategies leading to reduce pesticides on strawberries are examined to provide the protection that is harmless to humans, higher animals and plants. Calcium treatments significantly inhibited the spore germination and mycelial growth of B. cinerea. The intracellular polygalacturonase and CMCase showed low activities in B. cinerea cultivated by medium containing calcium. On the other hand, calcium-stimulated β-glucosidases production occurred. Our findings suggest that the calcium treatments keep CMCase activity low and cause low activities of cell-wall degrading enzymes of B. cinerea in the late stage of growth.     

ISSR Analysis of the Genetic Diversity of the Endangered Species Sinopodophyllum hexandrum （Royle） Ying from Western Sichuan Province, China

Slnopodophyllum hexandrum （Royle） Ying Is an Important medicinal and endangered species. Inter-simple sequence repeats （ISSR） analysis was conducted on seven natural populations from western Slchuan Province to Investigate the genetic diversity of S. hexandrum. Leaf samples of 140 Individuals were collected. Of the 139 discernible fragments generated by 12 selected primers （among 100 primers）, 54 appeared to be polymorphlc. The percentage of polymorphlc bands （PPB） was 38.85% at the species level, and PPB within a population ranged from 7.91% to 23.74%. Low levels of genetic variation （He = 0.092, Ho = 0.142） and high levels of genetic differentiation among the populations （Gst= 62.25%） was detected on the basis of results from POPGENE and analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA）, respectively. Furthermore, the limited gene flow （Nm = 0.361） may result from biological characteristics, such as self-pollination and short distance seed dispersal. Based on the genetic and ecological Information available for S. hexandrum, we propose some appropriate strategies for the conservation of the endangered medicinal species in this region, namely rescuing and conserving the core populations for in situ conservation and sampling and preserving more populations with fewer Individuals from each population for ex situ conservation.     

甘肃省冬虫夏草遗传多样性的ISSR分析

对采自甘肃省3个冬虫夏草主产区域6个具有代表性地方的18个样本进行ISSR分析。15条ISSR引物共扩增得到条带清晰并呈多态性的95条谱带,每一引物扩增获得的ISSR条带数在3－9条之间,扩增片段集中在300－3,000bp。基于遗传相似性系数（GS）、不加权成对群算术平均法（UPGMA）构建的系统树分析,可以看出：分离自同一株虫草上不同部位的样本无显著遗传差异;同一地点样本间的遗传分化较小;不同地域的样本间存在着较大的遗传分化,遗传多样性较丰富。同时6个地方的冬虫夏草明显地分为3个区域,而在同一区域不同     

灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）基因组中T-DNA整合模式分析

摘要：【目的】研究灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）基因组中T-DNA插入位点的整合模式特征。【方法】利用农杆菌（Agrobactirium tumfacience）介导法构建灰葡萄孢菌T-DNA插入突变体库。利用热不对称交错PCR（TAIL-PCR）技术对转化子中T-DNA的旁侧序列进行扩增和克隆,对获得的旁侧序列进行比对分析。【结果】T-DNA插入在灰葡萄孢菌基因组非编码区的占69%,插入在外显子的占30%。T-DNA在插入的过程中发生了碱基缺失、增加等重组现象,其中左边界（left border,LB）整合到基因组碱基缺失较少,有的保持完整,而右边界（right border,RB）及其近邻的T-DNA区域缺失碱基较多。T-DNA的插入位点还发现有额外的序列插入。【结论】对灰葡萄孢菌中插入T-DNA的整合模式的分析为开展该菌的功能基因组学奠定了基础。