外用抗真菌中草药的研究进展

目前,抗真菌中草药的研究主要集中在:一、中药经验方剂的临床应用;二、中草药有效单体成分的分离纯化及其方法的改进;三、中草药有效抗真菌单体的体外药敏研究;四、中药组方在感染动物模型上的应用。药物作用于病灶,除了直接或协同抗真菌作用,也通过清热祛湿止痒的功效,减轻炎症和缓解症状;清除真菌的同时改变局部小环境,使之不利于真菌的生长。     

中药成分对氟康唑抗非白色念珠菌的增效作用

近年来,对氟康唑敏感性差的非白色念珠菌的分离率逐渐上升,而现有的抗真菌药品种少,且大多价格昂贵、或毒副作用大,使它们的临床应用受到限制。因此联合用药特别是与中药联合成为研究热点。研究表明,有些中药成分与氟康唑联合具有协同抗真菌作用。该文就中药成分与氟康唑联合抗非白色念珠菌作用及机制的研究进展进行综述,旨在为新型抗真菌药物的研究提供参考。     

中药抗白念珠菌研究新进展

以白念珠菌为主的真菌感染近年来呈上升态势,氟康唑等一线抗真菌药物因长期应用导致耐药菌株不断出现,中药在抗真菌感染方面具有独特的优势。本课题组在多项国家与省级课题资助下,对中药的体内外抗真菌作用及机制进行了较系统深入的研究,现结合课题组自身与国内外在中药抗真菌感染领域的最新研究成果,对中药抗真菌(主要是白念珠菌)近5年的研究进展进行综述。     

山苍子油抗真菌的研究进展

山苍子油是从中药山苍子中提炼的精油,一直作为香料供应市场,近几年研究表明山苍子油具有广谱抗真菌作用。针对近年来真菌病发病率升高、真菌耐药性增加及抗真菌药物毒副作用多等现象,开发研究一种高效、广谱、较少耐药、价格低廉的抗真菌药物已成为一个亟待解决的问题,因此抗真菌中药的研究受到越来越多医药工作者的重视。本文介绍了近年来山苍子油抗真菌的研究进展,以期对新抗真菌药物的研究有所帮助。     

硝矾洗剂对常见皮肤癣菌敏感性的检测

近年来,国内许多研究者将研究重点转移到中药抗真菌作用机制方面。硝矾洗剂,具有清热解毒、杀虫、燥湿止痒之功效,用于治疗浅部真菌病。本实验应用NCCLS M27-A液基试管法,并在此基础上进行改良,检测硝矾洗剂及其组方对常见致病性真菌的敏感性。     

甲癣中药洗剂对常见致病性真菌的敏感性检测

近几年来,由于广谱抗生素、放、化疗的广泛应用,深、浅部真菌病的发病率逐年增多,虽然新的抗真菌药物的出现给真菌病的治疗带来转机,但由于其价格高,毒副作用大等特点,使患者难以接受。国内许多学者将研究重点转移到中药抗真菌作用机制方面。文献报道,黄连、龙胆草中含有小柏碱、黄连碱等生物碱具有较强的抗真菌作用,射干中的亲脂性物质有明显的抗真菌作用[1,2]。本实验参照CLSI M38-A液基试管法[3],进行改良,对我院临床常用抗真菌洗剂——“甲癣中药洗剂”进行常见致病性真菌的敏感性检测。1材料与方法1.1中药的提取取生药龙胆草40g、黄…     

自然铜有机化合物——然铜有机膏抗真菌活性的实验研究

自然铜系活血、化淤类矿物质中药、临床主要用于跌打、骨折、淤阻、肿痛等症。目前对矿物质中药的抗真菌活性研究为数极少,而自然铜抗真菌作用更未见有报导。我室曾在筛选抗真菌药物中发现,自然铜有抗真菌作用,经研究认为,     

纳米材料的抗真菌活性及其机制研究进展

随着抗真菌药物的广泛使用,真菌的耐药性明显增强,这使科学家将目光转向了基本不产生耐药性、安全性更高的纳米材料.目前,应用比较广泛的主要有金属型纳米抗真菌材料、光催化型抗真菌材料及复合型抗真菌材料.本文综合近几年的研究报道,简要叙述不同纳米材料的抗真菌活性及其机制.     

中药癣净散抗真菌作用的研究

在临床中应用中药癣净散药液浸泡治疗足癣取得了较好的疗效,为探讨其治疗足癣的作用机理,我们采用试管内药基法研究了中药癣净散抗真菌的作用,现报道如下。     

申克孢子丝菌体外药敏试验研究近况

申克孢子丝菌是孢子丝菌病的致病菌,如何选择高效敏感的抗真菌药物对于有效治疗孢子丝菌病具有重要意义,抗真菌药物体外药敏试验是评价抗真菌药物抗真菌活性的重要手段。综述了申克孢子丝菌体外药敏试验的研究近况,展望了研究及应用前景。     

中草药抗白念珠菌作用研究进展

白念珠菌,是人类最常见的真菌病原体,可引起各种浅表及深部真菌病,对常用抗真菌药物易产生耐药.文章就近年来有关中草药抗白念珠菌的相关临床及实验研究进行综述,主要从中草药抗白念珠菌的作用机制及其活性成分、单味及复方中草药制剂抗白念珠菌作用、中西药协同抗白念珠菌作用几个方面进行阐述.     

A Meta-Analysis of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Treatment of Managed Withdrawal from Heroin

Chinese herbal medicine has shown promise for heroin detoxification. This review extends a prior meta-analysis of Chinese herbal medicine for heroin detoxification, with particular attention to the time course of symptoms. Both English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized trials comparing Chinese herbal medicine to either α2-adrenergic agonists or opioid agonists for heroin detoxification. The methodological quality of each study was assessed with Jadad’s scale (1–2 = low; 3–5 = high). Meta-analysis was performed with fixed- or random-effect models in RevMan software; outcome measures assessed were withdrawal-symptoms score, anxiety, and adverse effects of treatment. Twenty-one studies (2,949 participants) were included. For withdrawal-symptoms score relieving during the 10-day observation, Chinese herbal medicine was superior to α2-adrenergic agonists in relieving opioid-withdrawal symptoms during 4–10 days (except D8) and no difference was found within the first 3 days. Compared with opioid agonists, Chinese herbal medicine was inferior during the first 3 days, but the difference became non-significant during days 4–9. Chinese herbal medicine has better effect on anxiety relieving at late stage of intervention than α2-adrenergic agonists, and no difference with opioid agonists. The incidence of some adverse effects (fatigue, dizziness) was significantly lower for Chinese herbal medicine than for α2-adrenergic agonists (sufficient data for comparison with opioid agonists were not available). Findings were robust to file-drawer effects. Our meta-analysis suggests that Chinese herbal medicine is an effective and safety treatment for heroin detoxification. And more work is needed to determine the specific effects of specific forms of Chinese herbal medicine.     

Perceptions and uses of Chinese medicine among the chinese in Hong Kong

The present paper was based on both qualitative observations and quantitative survey data. Major findings are as follows: (1) The sacred or magical-religious tradition of Chinese medicine is accepted by a relatively small portion (roughly one-fifth) of the ordinary Chinese people in urban Hong Kong, and is relatively more popular among women or less educated people. (2) Both the classical-professional and the local-empirical traditions of secular medicine are resorted to by many Chinese people (over one half) either for treating diseases or for strengthening their constitution. The acceptance of secular Chinese medicine does not vary significantly among different sex, age, education, or income groups. It should be noted that secular Chinese medicine is often used in addition to or in combination with modern Western medicine. (3) It appears that most people are more confident in the Chinese medical tradition than in Chinese-style practitioners in Hong Kong, and that people's confidence in secular Chinese medicine has been increasing in recent years. (4) There are reasons for the confidence in secular Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine is generally perceived to be better than or as good as Western, scientific medicine in some ways, such as for tonic care, for fewer side effects, for curing the cause (not symptoms) of diseases, and for treating certain diseases. Therefore, to ordinary Chinese people, Chinese and Western medicine may perform either equivalent or complementary functions. (5) As regards the process of seeking medical care, most people seem to follow the pattern of moving from self-medication, using Chinese and/or Western home remedies, to Western-style doctors, to Chinese-style practitioners, and finally to a Western medical hospital. Policy and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.     

肠道菌群在中药代谢中的作用

近年来,中药在疾病防治方面所发挥的巨大作用受到了广泛认可。科学合理地解释中药的作用机制将有助于提高其利用价值。越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群在中药治疗中起着至关重要的作用,是打开我国中医药宝库的一把钥匙。肠道菌群在中药代谢过程中发挥着复杂的作用:一方面,人类肠道菌群通过编码多种活性酶,促进了中药组分中的非碳水化合物小分子与碳水化合物在肠道中的代谢过程;另一方面,经肠道菌群代谢转化后产生的中药产物具有多种药理作用。因此,在未来中药研究中应更多地考虑肠道微生态因素,这有助于为中药的药理作用机制研究奠定新的科学基础。     

Antifungal activity of essential oils from leaves and flowers of Inula viscosa (Asteraceae) by Apulian region

Some essential oils from several plants (Artemisia verlotorum, Lavandula augustifolia, Ocimum gratissimum) have proved to have acaricidal, antifungal and antibacterial activity. Inula viscosa Ait. (Asteraceae), a plant growing spontaneously in the Mediterranean area, is currently used by popular medicine for its therapeutic effects. Flavonoids, azulenes, sesquiterpenes, and essential oils have been isolated and identified from its leaves. This paper reports the results of the composition and antifungal activity in vitro against dermatophytes and Candida spp. of the four essential oils obtained by steam distillation of the leaves, flowers, whole plant and whole plants without flower extracts of I. viscosa. All the extracts proved to have a significant antifungal activity against dermatophytes even at low concentrations (0.01 mg/ml). The leaf extracts exhibited the greatest antifungal efficacy. The high concentration of the sesquiterpene (carboxyeudesmadiene), occurring in the leaf extracts, may explain its greater antifungal activity.     

Ajoene the main active compound of garlic (Allium sativum): a new antifungal agent

The curative properties of garlic in medicine have been known for a long time. But, it was only in the last three decades when garlic properties were seriously investigated confirming its potential as therapeutic agent. Allicin, ajoene, thiosulfinates and a wide range of other organosulphurate compounds, are known to be the constituents linked to the garlic properties. Regarding the biochemical properties of these compounds, ajoene [(E,Z)-4,5,9 Trithiadodeca 1,6,11 Triene 9-oxide] is stable in water, and it can be obtained by chemical synthesis. There is evidence that some of the garlic constituents exert a wide variety of effects on different biological systems. However, ajoene is the garlic compound related to more biological activities, as showed in in vitro and in vivo systems. Those studies found that ajoene has antithrombotic, anti-tumoral,antifungal, and antiparasitic effects. This study deals with a recently described antifungal property of ajoene, and its potential use in clinical trails to treat several fungal infections.     

微生物发酵中草药的研究现状

中草药作为天然传统药物,具有纯天然、无药残、无抗药性和毒副作用小等特点,在临床医疗和日常保健中被广泛使用。微生物发酵中草药过程中,中草药经微生物产生的酶作用后,细胞壁中的纤维素、木质素等物质被降解,其活性成分得以释放;中草药活性成分酶解为小分子物质,增强药效以利于机体消化吸收。部分中草药经发酵可以降低其毒性,减少毒副作用,甚至产生新活性物质。同时中草药中的某些成分可促进微生物的生长繁殖,由此可见中草药与微生物协同作用、相辅相成。本文从发酵中草药的优势、常用微生物、应用现状、存在的问题和关键因素等方面进行综述,并对中草药发酵的应用前景进行展望。相信随着发酵技术的成熟和中草药的现代化发展,微生物发酵中草药将具有更广阔的发展潜力和应用价值。     

中药治疗运动性贫血的研究进展

传统中医药在运动医学领域中运用越来越广泛,利用中医药防治运动性贫血的报道也有不少。本文将近年来运用中药治疗运动性贫血的文献进行整理,就其作用机制进行了综述,并对今后的发展方向提出了自己的观点。