超声造影定量参数联合癌胚抗原、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨超声造影定量参数联合癌胚抗原（CEA）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）对乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的预测价值。方法：选择2020年12月至2022年1月我院收治的120例行改良根治术治疗的乳腺癌患者,所有患者均行乳腺超声造影检查获得超声造影特征图像及超声造影定量参数,检测血清CEA水平和NLR,统计术后复发转移的发生情况。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析超声造影定量参数联合CEA、NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的价值。结果：两组术前超声造影特征比较,复发转移组增强强度略高,大部分为高增强或整体增强,造影剂分布尚均匀。18例术后发生复发转移（复发转移组）,复发转移组峰值强度（PI）大于未复发转移组,血清CEA水平和NLR高于未复发转移组,达峰时间（TTP）小于未复发转移组（P＜0.05）。PI、TTP、CEA、NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.693、0.764、0.763、0.781,联合PI、TTP、CEA和NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的AUC为0.909,大于各指标单独预测。结论：乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移患者超声造影参数PI增大、TTP降低,血清CEA和NLR增高,联合检测TTP、PI、CEA和NLR在乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移中具有较高的预测价值。     

乳腺癌患者术后PICC导管相关性感染的危险因素及血清C反应蛋白、降钙素原对感染发生风险的预测价值

摘要 目的：分析乳腺癌患者术后经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）相关性感染的危险因素并探讨血清C反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）对感染发生风险的预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年1月我院收治的150例乳腺癌改良根治术后接受PICC置管的乳腺癌患者,根据是否发生PICC导管相关性感染分为感染组34例和非感染组116例,收集患者临床资料,采用化学发光法检测置管前血清CRP、PCT水平。通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析乳腺癌患者术后PICC导管相关性感染的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清CRP、PCT水平单独与联合检测对乳腺癌患者术后PICC导管相关性感染的预测价值。结果：单因素分析显示,与非感染组比较,感染组高血压病、糖尿病、TNM分期Ⅲ期、穿刺次数≥3次、化疗次数≥5次、导管留置时间≥6个月、敷料更换频率≥7 d/次比例和血清CRP、PCT水平更高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病、TNM分期Ⅲ期、化疗次数≥5次、导管留置时间≥6个月、敷料更换频率≥7 d更换1次、CRP（较高）、PCT（较高）为乳腺癌患者术后PICC导管相关性感染的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清CRP、PCT水平联合预测乳腺癌患者术后PICC导管相关性感染的曲线下面积（AUC）大于单独预测。结论：糖尿病、TNM分期、化疗次数、导管留置时间、敷料更换频率、血清CRP、PCT与乳腺癌患者术后PICC导管相关性感染相关,置管前血清CRP、PCT水平联合预测乳腺癌患者术后PICC导管相关性感染发生风险的价值较高。     

乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素分析及其对术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量的影响

摘要 目的：分析乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素,并探讨术前焦虑对患者术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量的影响。方法：选择我院2020年3月~2021年12月期间收治的拟行乳腺癌根治术的120例患者作为研究对象,术前1 d采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）评估所有患者的焦虑状况,根据是否存在焦虑分为焦虑组和无焦虑组,乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析。对比焦虑组和无焦虑组的术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量情况。结果：120例乳腺癌根治术患者中,有31例患者无术前焦虑,89例患者存在焦虑症状,根据是否存在术前焦虑分为焦虑组（n=89）和无焦虑组（n=31）。乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑与年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、付费方式、婚姻状况、家庭支持、既往有无全麻史、术前住院时长、定期体检有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明：年龄＜60岁、文化程度为小学及其以下、家庭人均月收入＜3000元、婚姻状况为未婚、无家庭支持、既往无全麻史、术前住院时长>1 d是乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的危险因素（P<0.05）。焦虑组的术后首次肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间均长于无焦虑组（P<0.05）。两组术后1个月CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平升高,且无焦虑组高于焦虑组（P<0.05）,两组术后1个月CD8⁺水平下降,且无焦虑组低于焦虑组（P<0.05）。两组术后1个月生理状况、情感状况、社会/家庭状况、功能状况、附加关注评分和总分下降,且无焦虑组低于焦虑组（P<0.05）。结论：乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑发生率较高,其发生受到年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、婚姻状况、家庭支持、既往有无全麻史、术前住院时长等多种因素的影响,可导致患者术后恢复时间延长,细胞免疫功能和生命质量降低。     

术前CA125、OPN、CXCL8、NLR联合检测对乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移风险的评估价值

摘要 目的：探讨术前糖类抗原125（CA125）、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、趋化因子配体8（CXCL8）、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）联合检测对乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移风险的评估价值。方法：选取2015年4月-2016年4月期间我院收治的乳腺癌改良根治术患者384例按照术后有无复发转移分为未复发转移组（n=345）和复发转移组（n=39）,对比复发转移组、未复发转移组CA125、OPN、CXCL8、NLR,乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线来判断CA125、OPN、CXCL8、NLR检测对乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移风险的评估价值。结果：复发转移组的CA125、OPN、CXCL8、NLR高于未复发转移组,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移与肿瘤最大直径、临床分期、术前新辅助化疗、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）、淋巴结转移、组织学类型、细胞增殖标志抗原（ki-67）、雌激素受体（ER）/孕激素受体（PR）、P53、术后放疗、术后内分泌治疗有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：OPN偏高、CXCL8偏高、NLR偏高、肿瘤最大直径≥2 cm、淋巴结转移阳性、ER/PR双阴性、临床分期为III期、术前未接受新辅助化疗是乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移的危险因素（P<0.05）。术前CA125、OPN、CXCL8、NLR联合检测评估复发转移的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.855均高于各指标单独检测。结论：乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移与OPN、CXCL8、NLR、肿瘤最大直径、淋巴结转移、ER/PR、临床分期、术前接受新辅助化疗均存在一定联系,临床需据此采取针对性干预措施加以防范。且术前CA125、OPN、CXCL8、NLR联合检测辅助评估术后复发转移的价值较高。     

肺癌术后并发肺部感染的病原菌分布及影响因素的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：观察肺癌术后并发肺部感染患者的病原菌分布特点，并分析导致感染的影响因素。方法：分析我院2018年3月~2020年12月期间收治的肺癌患者（n=358）的临床资料，统计肺癌术后并发肺部感染例数，并据此分为感染组和未感染组，观察感染患者病原菌分布特点，探讨引起感染的危险因素。结果：358例肺癌患者中，有32例患者出现术后肺部感染，感染率为8.94%。32例感染患者共分离出病原菌株49株，其中革兰阴性菌31株，占比63.27%。革兰阳性菌15株，占比30.61%。真菌3株，占比6.12%。其中前五位分别为肺炎克雷伯菌24.49%、阴沟肠杆菌14.29%、金黄色葡萄球菌12.24%、铜绿假单胞菌10.20%、鲍曼不动杆菌10.20%。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：术后肺部感染与长期吸烟史、手术方式、切口疼痛评分、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史、年龄、手术时间、糖尿病史有关（P<0.05）；肺癌患者术后并发肺部感染的危险因素包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病史、切口疼痛评分4~6分、长期吸烟史、糖尿病史、年龄≥60岁、手术方式为常规手术、手术时间≥3 h（P<0.05）。结论：切口疼痛评分、长期吸烟史、慢性阻塞性肺疾病史、年龄、手术时间、糖尿病史、手术方式均是导致肺癌术后并发肺部感染的危险因素，可针对上述因素采取积极处理措施，肺癌术后并发肺部感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主，临床应给予合理的预防性抗生素进行治疗。     

超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞对乳腺癌改良根治术患者血清疼痛介质、血流动力学及免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下前锯肌平面（SP）阻滞对乳腺癌改良根治术患者血流动力学、血清疼痛介质、免疫功能的影响。方法：选择2020年9月-2022年5月期间我院收治的120例乳腺癌改良根治术患者,采用随机双盲对照原则将患者分为对照组和研究组,各为60例。对照组患者接受常规麻醉,研究组患者在常规麻醉基础上接受超声引导下SP阻滞。观察两组患者的镇静镇痛效果,对比两组患者疼痛介质、血流动力学及免疫功能的变化情况,记录两组围术期间不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组手术开始后10 min、术毕心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h CD8⁺低于对照组,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h神经肽Y（NPY）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）、P物质（SP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）评分低于对照组,Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比,无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：超声引导下SP阻滞可加强乳腺癌改良根治术患者的镇静镇痛效果,维持血流动力学稳定,降低血清疼痛介质,减轻免疫抑制。     

经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后尿路感染的影响因素及其对患者细胞免疫功能和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后尿路感染的影响因素及其对患者细胞免疫功能和生活质量的影响。方法：选择2019年6月-2021年1月期间来我院接受经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗的150例患者。采用流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群指标：CD4⁺、CD8⁺,计算CD4⁺/CD8⁺。手术前后采用生活健康量表简表（SF-36）评价患者生活质量。分析经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后尿路感染的影响因素。结果：150例患者中,术后有18例发生尿路感染,发生率为12.00%（18/150）。根据是否发生尿路感染分为感染组（n=18）和未感染组（n=132）。单因素分析结果显示,经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后尿路感染与结石直径、年龄、合并糖尿病、住院时间、预防性应用抗菌药物、结石残留情况、手术时间、双J管留置时间有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄为61~岁、结石直径≧2 cm、手术时间≧2 h、合并糖尿病、双J管留置时间≧14 d、有结石残留是术后发生尿路感染的危险因素,而预防性应用抗菌药物是其保护因素（P<0.05）。两组术后CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺下降,但未感染组高于感染组;CD8⁺升高,但未感染组低于感染组（P<0.05）。两组术后精神健康、总体健康、社会功能、情感职能、活力、躯体疼痛、生理职能、生理功能评分均升高,且未感染组高于感染组（P<0.05）。结论：经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后尿路感染患者细胞免疫功能下降,生活质量降低,且其尿路感染受年龄、结石直径、手术时间等因素影响,预防性应用抗菌药物可降低尿路感染的发生风险。     

乳腺癌化疗患者外周静脉置入中心静脉导管置管感染的危险因素分析及其生活质量调查

摘要 目的：分析乳腺癌化疗患者外周静脉置入中心静脉导管（PICC）置管感染的危险因素,并观察其生活质量。方法：选择2019年1月~2020年10月期间来我院接受诊治的198例乳腺癌患者,搜集所有患者的一般资料,观察其PICC置管感染情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析PICC置管感染的危险因素。采用生活质量量表(QLQ-C30)评价所有患者的生活质量。结果：198例患者中有17例发生PICC置管感染,感染率为8.59%。根据感染情况将所有患者分为感染组（n=17）和未感染组（n=181）。单因素分析结果显示,PICC置管感染与年龄、穿刺次数、穿刺部位无关（P>0.05）,而与合并基础疾病、乳腺癌分期、留置季节、置管时间、化疗次数、换药天数、白细胞计数有关（P<0.05）。经 Logistic 回归分析显示：白细胞计数>4×10⁹/L、置管时间>10个月、留置季节为夏季、化疗次数≥4次、合并基础疾病、换药天数>7 d是影响 PICC 置管局部感染的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。未感染组的功能领域、总体健康状况、总分高于感染组,症状领域评分低于感染组（P<0.05）。结论：乳腺癌化疗患者具有一定的PICC置管感染率,且感染的患者其生活质量明显下降,引起感染的因素较多,与化疗次数、置管时间、白细胞计数、合并基础疾病、换药天数、留置季节有关,临床上需予以充分重视,以尽可能减少 PICC 局部感染现象的发生。     

CD64指数、sCD14、sCD163与胸腔镜肺癌根治术后并发重症肺部感染的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨CD64指数、可溶性白细胞分化抗原14（sCD14）、可溶性白细胞分化抗原163（sCD163）与胸腔镜肺癌根治术后并发重症肺部感染的关系。方法：选择2020年1月至2023年1月南通市肿瘤医院收治的行胸腔镜肺癌根治术治疗的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者共415例。根据术后是否并发重症肺部感染将患者分为感染组（21例）和未感染组（394例）。检测外周血CD64指数和血清sCD14、sCD163水平。多因素Logistic回归分析影响胸腔镜肺癌根治术后并发重症肺部感染的因素。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析CD64指数、sCD14、sCD163预测胸腔镜肺癌根治术后并发重症肺部感染的价值。结果：感染组外周血CD64指数、血清sCD14、sCD163水平高于未感染组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高CD64指数、sCD14、sCD163、降钙素原（PCT）是胸腔镜肺癌根治术后并发重症肺部感染的危险因素（P＜0.05）,高呼气峰值流量（PEF）是保护因素（P＜0.05）。CD64指数、sCD14、sCD163、PCT预测胸腔镜肺癌根治术后并发重症肺部感染的曲线下面积为0.834、0.815、0.842、0.784,联合预测曲线下面积为0.928,高于单独预测。结论：血清CD64指数、sCD14、sCD163、PCT水平升高是胸腔镜肺癌根治术后并发重症肺部感染的危险因素。联合CD64指数、sCD14、sCD163、PCT可较好地预测术后重症肺部感染的风险。     

乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移的危险因素及血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后复发转移的危险因素及血清糖类抗原125（CA125）、环加氧酶-2（COX-2）、可溶性肿瘤坏死因子受体P55（sTNFR-P55）的预测价值。方法：对2014年1月至2016年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的109例行乳腺癌改良根治术的乳腺癌患者进行前瞻性研究,所有患者术后均随访5年,其中2例失访,107例完成随访。根据5年内患者复发转移情况将其分为复发转移组（n=31）和未复发转移组（n=76）。收集患者入院时的临床病理资料,采用电化学发光法检测术前血清CA125,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测术前血清COX-2、sTNFR-P55。采用logistic回归模型分析患者术后复发转移的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55对术后复发转移的预测价值。结果：复发转移组肿瘤直径＞5 cm、浸润性非特殊癌、脉管癌栓、雌激素受体（ER）/孕激素受体（PR）阴性、无内分泌治疗构成比、TNM分期IIIA期、腋窝淋巴结转移数量4~9个构成比高于未复发转移组（P<0.05）。复发转移组血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55水平高于未复发转移组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤直径＞5 cm、浸润性非特殊癌、TNM分期IIIA期、脉管癌栓、腋窝淋巴结转移数量4~9个、CA125升高、COX-2升高、sTNFR-P55升高是乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后5年内复发转移的独立危险因素（OR=1.318、1.213、1.223、1.137、1.257、1.241、1.313、1.351,P<0.05）。血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55均可有效预测乳腺癌术后复发转移,曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.803、0.749、0.761,三指标联合预测术后复发转移的AUC为0.915,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.94、0.83。结论：肿瘤直径、浸润性非特殊癌、TNM分期、脉管癌栓、腋窝淋巴结转移数量以及术前血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55异常升高是乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后5年内复发转移的危险因素,术前血清CA125、COX-2、sTNFR-P55联合检测可预测乳腺癌改良根治术后的复发转移风险。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.