IKKε regulates cell elongation through recycling endosome shuttling

1. Download : Download high-res image (412KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Recycling endosomes shuttle along the proximal-distal axis of growing bristles ? IKK? locally antagonizes Rab11 effector Nuf at the bristle tip by phosphorylation ? Nuf-endosome pathway is independent of actin cytoskeleton or DIAP1-caspase pathway ? Mammalian IKK-related kinases antagonize Rab11-FIP3 through phosphorylation     

BLOC-3 Mutated in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Is a Rab32/38 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor

1. Download : Download high-res image (362KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The Hps1-Hps4 complex (BLOC-3) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) ? Purified BLOC-3 has specific GEF activity toward Rab32 and Rab38 ? BLOC-3 can promote recruitment of Rab32 and Rab38 to membranes ? BLOC-3 and its target Rabs act in the biogenesis of melanosomes     

PP2A phosphatase acts upon SAS-5 to ensure centriole formation in C. elegans embryos

1. Download : Download high-res image (195KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PP2A phosphatase is essential for centriole formation in C. elegans ? PP2A subunits genetically and physically interact with the SAS-5/SAS-6 complex ? PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of SAS-5 is required for SAS-5/SAS-6 centriolar targeting ? Human PP2A is required for HsSAS-6 centriolar targeting and centriole formation     

The Structure of the Plk4 Cryptic Polo Box Reveals Two Tandem Polo Boxes Required for Centriole Duplication

1. Download : Download high-res image (376KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The Plk4 cryptic polo box is a structurally unique, tandem polo box array: PB1-PB2 ? Full length Plk4 comprises three polo box domains, a unique polo kinase architecture ? The Plk4 PB1-PB2 cassette is required for Asterless binding and centriole targeting ? The Plk4 PB1-PB2 homodimer potentiates Plk4 degradation     

Comparative RNAi screening reveals host factors involved in enterovirus infection of polarized endothelial monolayers

1. Download : Download high-res image (125KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? RNAi screens reveal 117 host molecules involved in enterovirus infection ? Components of immune signaling including MAPKs, Akts, and TLR8 restrict infection ? Adenylate cyclases are required for both PV and CVB infection ? Rab GTPases, Src tyrosine kinases, and tyrosine phosphatases control infection     

Regulation of the CRL4Cdt2 Ubiquitin Ligase and Cell-Cycle Exit by the SCFFbxo11 Ubiquitin Ligase

1. Download : Download high-res image (391KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? FBXO11 targets CDT2, a CRL4 substrate receptor, for proteasomal degradation ? CDK-mediated phosphorylation of CDT2 degron inhibits recognition by FBXO11 ? FBXO11-mediated degradation of CDT2 controls the timing of cell-cycle exit ? FBXO11-CDT2 functional interaction is evolutionary conserved from worms to humans     

A Role for Intersubunit Interactions in Maintaining SAGA Deubiquitinating Module Structure and Activity

1. Download : Download high-res image (168KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Structures of the SAGA deubiquitinating module lacking the Sgf11 zinc finger domain ? The DUB module lacking the Sgf11 zinc finger forms a domain swapped complex dimer ? The conformational changes accompanying domain-swapping disrupt the active site ? Activating mutations in Ubp8 promote the compact form of the DUB module     

Genetic Control of Obesity and Gut Microbiota Composition in Response to High-Fat,High-Sucrose Diet in Mice

1. Download : Download high-res image (253KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Detailed analysis of diet-induced obesity in more than 100 inbred mouse strains ? Identification of 11 genetic loci associated with obesity and dietary responsiveness ? Significant overlap between mouse loci with human GWAS loci for obesity ? Strain-specific shifts in gut microbiota composition in response to dietary intervention     

Ultrasensitivity in the Regulation of Cdc25C by Cdk1

1. Download : Download high-res image (140KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The response of Cdc25C to Cdk1 in Xenopus egg extracts is ultrasensitive ? The Hill coefficient for the response is astronomical (～11–32) ? Multisite phosphorylation accounts for some of the ultrasensitivity ? The Cdc25C and Wee1A responses account for the bistability of the mitotic trigger     

Comprehensive Analysis of Silencing Mutants Reveals Complex Regulation of the Arabidopsis Methylome

1. Download : Download high-res image (202KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution methylation maps in 86 silencing mutants ? Complex interplays between different DNA methylation pathways ? Identification of novel regulators of DNA methylation     

CRL1-FBXO11 Promotes Cdt2 Ubiquitylation and Degradation and Regulates Pr-Set7/Set8-Mediated Cellular Migration

1. Download : Download high-res image (98KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Cullin 4A promotes the autoubiquitylation of Cdt2, a substrate adaptor of CRL4^Cdt2 ? CRL1^FBXO11 also ubiquitylates and promotes the degradation of Cdt2 ? FBXO11 degrades Cdt2 to stabilize Set8 and regulate the response to TGF-β ? FBXO11 is similarly required to stabilize Set8 and promote cell migration     

ESCs Require PRC2 to Direct the Successful Reprogramming of Differentiated Cells toward Pluripotency

1. Download : Download high-res image (167KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Mouse pluripotent cells reprogram human B cells in heterokaryons ? ESCs lacking PRC1 or PRC2 cannot successfully reprogram ? Failure of PRC1/2-deficient ESCs to reprogram is functionally dominant ? PRC1/2 play a critical role in the chromatin reorganization required for reprogramming     

Selective and specific inhibition of the plasmodium falciparum lysyl-tRNA synthetase by the fungal secondary metabolite cladosporin

1. Download : Download high-res image (307KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The fungal secondary metabolite Cladosporin inhibits liver- and blood-stage malaria parasites ? Cladosporin specifically targets lysyl-tRNA synthetase (Krs1) ? Cladosporin is >100-fold more potent against parasite Krs1 relative to the human enzyme ? Two amino acids in the Krs1 ATP-binding pocket confer species-selective inhibition     

Visualizing the Determinants of Viral RNA Recognition by Innate Immune Sensor RIG-I

1. Download : Download high-res image (685KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Crystallographic structure of RIG-I with 5′ triphosphorylated RNA duplex and ADP ? Solution biophysical analysis of ATP-dependent RIG-I conformational change ? The structural basis for ATP-stimulated RIG-I activation     

Chromosome Engineering Allows the Efficient Isolation of Vertebrate Neocentromeres

1. Download : Download high-res image (184KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Chromosome engineering efficiently generates neocentromeres in chicken DT40 cells ? CENP-A reproducibly occupies an ～40 kb genomic region at each neocentromere ? Nonkinetochore CENP-A appears to function as a seed for neocentromere assembly     

Streamlining genomes: toward the generation of simplified and stabilized microbial systems

1. Download : Download high-res image (115KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Top-down and bottom-up approaches to genome streamlining. ? Computational support for constructing and refactoring streamlined genomes. ? From genome engineering to metabolic reprogramming. ? Perspectives in applied genome engineering.     

Structure of the Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel GLIC Bound with Anesthetic Ketamine

1. Download : Download high-res image (335KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The structure of ketamine-bound GLIC reveals an anesthetic binding site ? The study provides compelling evidence for allosteric inhibition by anesthetics ? Ketamine inhibition on GLIC is similar to competitive antagonist action on nAChRs ? Ketamine directly acts on pLGICs in addition to NMDA receptors     

Allosteric Mechanism Controls Traffic in the Chaperone/Usher Pathway

1. Download : Download high-res image (229KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Allosteric mechanism controls traffic in the chaperone/usher pathway ? Usher-binding site in free chaperone is conformationally locked ? Subunit binding opens the lock in the chaperone, allowing usher targeting     

Endothelial Cells Are Essential for the Self-Renewal and Repopulation of Notch-Dependent Hematopoietic Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (363KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Coculture with endothelial cells promotes HSC expansion and self-renewal ? Endothelial cell effect on HSCs mediated by Notch signaling ? In vivo, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) express Notch ligands ? Blocking vessel remodeling impairs hematopoietic recovery after irradiation     

Subcortical Connections to Human Amygdala and Changes following Destruction of the Visual Cortex

1. Download : Download high-res image (231KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Anatomical connections compose a subcortical pathway to the human amygdala ? Destruction of the visual cortex induces anatomical changes along this pathway ? Plasticity in the subcortical pathway is limited to the damaged hemisphere