共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 543 毫秒
1.
摘要 目的:探讨沉默信息调节因子2(Sirt2)在瑞芬太尼诱发的大鼠切口痛觉过敏中的作用及其机制。方法:18只SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为I组(切口组,n=6),RI组(瑞芬太尼+切口组,n=6)和RI+Sirt2过表达组(瑞芬太尼+切口+Sirt2过表达组,n=6)。I组在大鼠足底制作切口痛模型的同时在腹部注射等容量生理盐水30 min,RI组和RI+Sirt2过表达组在足底进行切口痛模型制作的同时并泵注瑞芬太尼30 min,RI+Sirt2过表达组在脊髓水平提前1周注射Sirt2过表达慢病毒处理。各组大鼠分别于泵注瑞芬太尼或生理盐水术前24 h,泵注结束后2 h、6 h、24 h和48 h测定机械刺激缩足反应阈值(MWT)及热缩足潜伏期(TWL)。行为学测试结束后处死大鼠,取L3-5脊髓节段,采用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测Sirt2表达,超氧化物歧化酶2(SOD2)活性采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)法测定,超氧阴离子水平和NADPH氧化酶活性采用化学发光法测定。结果:各组大鼠MWT和TWL的时间效应(F=683.602,624.033,均P<0.001)和组别×时间交互效应显著(F=9.142,4.550,均P<0.001),说明MWT和TWL有随时间变化的趋势并且时间因素的作用有随组别的不同而不同,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=93.157,25.176,均P<0.001)。与I组比较,RI组T1-4时MWT降低,TWL缩短(P<0.05);RI+Sirt2过表达组T2、T4时间点MWT降低,T2-4时间点TWL缩短(P<0.05)。与RI组比较,RI+Sirt2过表达组T3-4时间点MWT升高,T2-4时间点TWL延长(P<0.05)。三组大鼠Sirt2蛋白表达比较差异有统计学意义(F=265.643,P<0.001);与I组比较,RI组和RI+Sirt2过表达组术后48 h脊髓组织Sirt2表达水平减少(P<0.05);与RI组比较,RI+Sirt2过表达组术后48 h脊髓组织Sirt2表达水平增加(P<0.05)。三组大鼠脊髓组织SOD2活性、NADPH氧化酶活性、超氧化物阴离子表达比较差异有统计学意义(F=13.543,14.813,19.675,均P<0.001);与I组比较,RI组和RI+Sirt2过表达组术后48 h脊髓组织SOD2活性水平降低,NADPH氧化酶活性和超氧化物阴离子水平增加(P<0.05);与RI组比较,RI+Sirt2过表达组术后48 h脊髓组织SOD2活性水平增加,NADPH氧化酶活性和超氧化物阴离子减低(P<0.05)。结论:Sirt2通过调节氧化应激水平参与瑞芬太尼诱发切口痛大鼠痛觉过敏过程。 相似文献
2.
阿片类药物引起痛觉过敏(opioid-induced hyperalgesia,OIH)是指暴露于阿片类药物的患者出现一种痛阈降低和对正常疼痛刺激的超敏反应为特点的感觉异常现象。瑞芬太尼是一种μ受体激动剂,且由于起效迅速,时量半衰期短而恒定,重复用药亦无蓄积,这些良好的药代动力学特点导致它发生的痛觉过敏现象也明显频于、强于其他阿片类药物。N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)激活在产生超敏现象中是非常重要的。但是关于NMDAR在瑞芬太尼诱发痛觉过敏的机制尚未完全清楚,仍然缺乏系统的预防和治疗方案。本文简要介绍了NMDAR,总结了NMDAR在瑞芬太尼引起痛觉过敏的机制中的作用,归纳了临床上一些NMDAR拮抗药物来预防瑞芬太尼引起的痛觉过敏现象,以期对后续的围术期的疼痛管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
目的:研究持续输注瑞芬太尼与术后痛觉敏化的关系,分析芬太尼或氯胺酮防治痛觉敏化的效果.方法:48例开腹患者随机分四组,生理盐水组(RC组)、芬太尼组(RF组)和氯胺酮组(RK组),术中均输注瑞芬太尼0.15~0.20 μg/(kg·min)其中RF组术毕静注芬太尼1 μg/kg,RK组术中联合输注氯胺酮10 μg/(kg· min),以及术中静注芬太尼组(FC组)分次静注芬太尼5~6 μg/kg,四组均复合七氟烷吸入维持BIS45~55,记录病人自控静脉镇痛泵(PCIA)情况,评估术后Ramsay评分和VAS评分.结果:RC组术后早期24 h VAS评分明显高于FC组(P<0.05);RF组虽可使术后最初60 min VAS评分较RC组明显降低(P<0.05),但6h和12hVRS评分与RC组无明显差异;RK组术后VRS评分较RC组明显降低(P<0.05),与FC组相仿;RC组与其它三组相比,首次应用PCA时间提前、按压次数增多、芬太尼用量增大.结论:持续输注瑞芬太尼可诱发术后痛觉敏化,联合输注小剂量氯胺酮可较好防治瑞芬太尼所致的痛觉敏化. 相似文献
4.
摘要 目的:探究成年期视皮层神经元数量减少对突触连接的改变,为解析创伤性脑损伤导致的视觉功能障碍提供实验依据。方法:采用立体定位技术,以腺相关病毒(Adeno-associated viruses, AAVs)稀疏感染方式于8周龄C57BL/6小鼠初级视皮层(Primary visual cortex, V1)中表达白喉毒素A片段蛋白(Diphtheria toxin A, DTA),引发神经元凋亡。4周后,通过免疫荧光染色、高尔基染色及共聚焦显微镜成像,分析视皮层第2-4层神经元数量以及幸存锥体神经元的树突棘形态特征。结果:通过注射不同滴度(E+11-13)的DTA表达病毒,成功构建了不同水平(14~85%)的视皮层神经元减少小鼠模型。结果发现低滴度(E+11)DTA表达病毒导致中等程度神经元减少(~18%,P<0.01),模拟了轻度创伤性脑损伤患者的皮层神经元丢失水平(16.5~22.9%),并发现该小鼠锥体神经元的树突棘密度与对照组没有差异,而树突棘成熟比例减少~19%(P<0.0001)。结论:成年期视皮层神经元数量减少损害突触连接,可能导致大脑的视觉功能障碍。 相似文献
5.
目的:探讨小剂量瑞芬太尼复合针刺麻醉在甲状腺良性结节消融术中的麻醉镇痛效果。方法:选取2015年6月至2016年6月在我院进行甲状腺良性结节射频消融术的患者71例,并将其随机分为对照组(n=35)和复合麻醉组(n=36)。对照组患者接受单纯芬太尼麻醉,复合麻醉组患者接受小剂量瑞芬太尼复合针刺麻醉,观察和比较两组患者麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后(T1)、消融术中(T2)、手术结束(T3)时患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(HPO_2)和VAS评分。结果:复合麻醉组患者T2和T3时间点MAP(95.00±6.09,90.86±3.23)(P0.05)、HR值(65.19±3.52,75.03±6.00)均显著低于对照组(P0.05),HPO_2水平(98.78±1.15,97.81±1.47)均显著高于对照组(P0.05),VAS评分(3.25±1.38,1.69±1.43)均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:电针刺激结合小剂量瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于甲状腺良性结节消融术可有效镇痛并维持较稳定的血压和心率,效果明显优于单纯芬太尼麻醉。 相似文献
6.
目的:探讨血红素氧合酶/一氧化碳(HO/CO)在甲醛诱导的大鼠自发痛和痛觉过敏形成中的作用。方法:采用鞘内注射的方法,在甲醛炎性痛大鼠和正常大鼠分别给予HO抑制剂Znpp和HO激动剂Hemin;采用加权积分法对痛反应进行评分以代表痛反应程度;采用观察热辐射缩足潜伏期和机械刺激缩足反射阈值表示热和机械性痛觉过敏的程度。结果:Znpp各剂量组与单纯甲醛组相比,大鼠痛反应评分明显降低,且Znpp剂量越大,对大鼠痛反应的抑制作用越明显;与单纯甲醛组相比,Znpp各剂量组大鼠注射足热辐射缩足潜伏期和机械刺激缩足反射阈值均无明显变化,而非注射足热辐射缩足潜伏期和机械刺激缩足反射阈值均明显升高,且Znpp的剂量越大,这种改变越明显。正常大鼠鞘内注射HO的激动剂Hemin后,双侧足热辐射缩足潜伏期和机械刺激缩足反射阈值均明显降低。结论:鞘内给予HO抑制剂可明显抑制甲醛诱导的自发痛反应及热和机械性痛觉过敏程度;正常大鼠鞘内给予HO激动剂可诱发热和机械性痛觉过敏的产生,提示HO/CO系统参与脊髓伤害性信息的传导和痛觉过敏的形成过程。 相似文献
7.
目的:探讨褪黑素对脊髓损伤大鼠突触可塑性的影响及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/张力蛋白同源基因/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/PTEN/AKT)信号途径在其中的作用。方法:选择4月龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠48只,将其随机分为对照组(CON)、模型组(SCI)、褪黑素组(MT)和褪黑素受体拮抗剂组(LUZ),每组12只大鼠。对照组大鼠背部切口后缝合,余下各组大鼠使用改良的Allen's法建立T9水平的脊髓损伤模型。模型建立后,褪黑素组及褪黑素受体拮抗剂组每天腹腔注射褪黑素及褪黑素抑制剂,剂量为12.5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),对照组和模型组每天注射同体积的生理盐水。治疗后第3、7、14、21、28天进行BBB评分,实验结束处死大鼠取胸椎8-10节段脊髓组织,分别采用免疫组化方法测尼氏小体数量及Western Blot检测PTEN、Synapsin、PSD-95、Gap-43、Akt蛋白的表达。结果:与SCI模型大鼠相比,MT给药干预14 d后的SCI大鼠BBB评分及痛觉压力值均明显降低(P0.05),尼氏小体灰度值提高(P 0.05),PTEN、Synapsin、PSD-95、Gap-43、Akt蛋白的表达均显著上调(P 0.05)。结论:MT可能通过激活PI3K/PTEN/Akt信号途径,上调突触可塑性相关蛋白的表达,促进SCI大鼠突触修复。 相似文献
8.
摘要 目的:探索褪黑素联合MPA(醋酸甲羟孕酮)对子宫内膜异常增生细胞增殖活性的抑制作用及其机制。方法:取分化良好的子宫内膜增生细胞株Ishikawa和内膜癌细胞株ECC1于适宜条件培养,加入褪黑素、MPA单独或者联合处理48 h后,检测子宫内膜细胞株的增殖活性。收集褪黑素、MPA单独或者联合处理48 h后的子宫内膜增生细胞株Ishikawa细胞,提取细胞内的蛋白,检测人20α-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(AKR1C1)的表达情况。结果:褪黑素和MPA联合使用后对子宫内膜异常增生细胞的抑制作用明显高于褪黑素或MPA单独使用。褪黑素和MPA可抑制AKR1C1的表达,二者联合使用对AKR1C1的抑制高于两者单独使用。结论:褪黑素可提高子宫内膜异常增生细胞对MPA的敏感性,降低MPA的使用剂量,同时抑制AKR1C1的表达,使孕酮的代谢速率降低。褪黑素与MPA联合使用给子宫内膜增生和内膜癌的治疗策略带来新的思路。 相似文献
9.
目的:探讨阿帕替尼抑制肝癌细胞增殖促进凋亡的作用机制。方法:选取肝癌细胞系SNU739、HepG2,以CCK-8细胞增殖实验、平板克隆实验测定阿帕替尼对肝癌细胞增殖及克隆形成能力的影响;流式细胞术检测阿帕替尼对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响;蛋白免疫印迹法检测阿帕替尼影响肝癌细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2及Caspase3的表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,阿帕替尼可显著抑制肝癌细胞增殖(P0.05)。平板克隆实验提示与对照组相比,10μM和20μM阿帕替尼组肝癌细胞克隆数明显减少(P0.05)。流式细胞术结果提示10μM和20μM阿帕替尼处理组细胞凋亡率明显增加(P0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹法结果显示经阿帕替尼处理的肝癌细胞,促凋亡蛋白Bax及Caspase3的活性片段Cleaved-caspase3表达水平显著上调,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2显著下调(P0.01)。结论:阿帕替尼通过调节肝癌细胞凋亡相关蛋白从而抑制肝癌细胞增殖、促进其凋亡。 相似文献
10.
Tau蛋白是神经元中含量最高的微管相关蛋白,其经典生物学功能是促进微管组装和维持微管的稳定性.在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)患者,异常过度磷酸化的Tau蛋白以配对螺旋丝结构形成神经原纤维缠结并在神经元内聚积.大量研究提示,Tau蛋白异常在AD患者神经变性和学习记忆障碍的发生发展中起重要作用.本课题组对Tau蛋白异常磷酸化的机制及其对细胞的影响进行了系列研究,发现Tau蛋白表达和磷酸化具有调节细胞生存命运的新功能,并由此对AD神经细胞变性的本质提出了新见解.本文主要综述作者实验室有关Tau蛋白的部分研究结果. 相似文献
11.
12.
目的:评价不同麻醉药对瑞芬太尼诱发术后痛觉超敏的影响。方法:40只尾静脉置管成功的成年雄性SD大鼠,根据不同麻醉方式随机分为5组(n=8):七氟醚麻醉组(S组);七氟醚+瑞芬太尼复合麻醉组(S+R组);小剂量丙泊酚麻醉组(Pro组);小剂量丙泊酚+瑞芬太尼麻醉组(Pro+R组);大剂量丙泊酚+瑞芬太尼麻醉组(HPro+R组)。在不同麻醉方式下建立大鼠后足切割痛模型并维持麻醉一小时,于术前24小时以及停药后6小时,24小时,48小时测定双后足的机械痛阈(PWT)及观测以上不同时间点切割足的累积疼痛评分(CPS)。结果:S+R组与S组相比,停药后6小时切割足的CPS增加(P0.05)、24小时双后足的PWT均下降(P0.05)。HPro+R在停药后各时间点切割足的PWT均高于Pro组(P0.001)、Pro+R组(P0.01)。与Pro+R组相比,HPro+R组在停药后各时间点切割足的CPS均低于Pro+R组(P0.05)。结论:吸入麻醉药七氟醚可加剧瑞芬太尼导致的术后痛觉过敏,而大剂量丙泊酚可抑制瑞芬太尼诱发的术后痛觉过敏。 相似文献
13.
Nat R 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2011,15(6):1429-1431
The connection of embryonic stem cell technology and developmental biology provides valuable tools to decipher the mechanisms underlying human brain development and diseases, especially among neuronal populations, that are not readily available in primary cultures. It is obviously the case of neurons forming the human cerebral cortex. In the images that are presented, the neurons were generated in vitro from human embryonic stem cells via forebrain-like progenitors. Maintained in culture for prolonged time, they acquired a mainly glutamatergic phenotype and morphological characteristics of cortical pyramidal neurons, including dendritic spines, and formed spectacular networks. 相似文献
14.
《Developmental neurobiology》2017,77(1):93-101
Maintaining cognitive processes comes with neurological costs. Thus, enhanced cognition and its underlying neural mechanisms should change in response to environmental pressures. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that variation in spatially based cognitive abilities is reflected in the morphology of the hippocampus (Hp), the region of the brain involved in spatial memory. Moreover, recent work on this region establishes a dynamic link between brain plasticity and cognitive experiences both across populations and within individuals. However, the mechanisms involved in neurological changes as a result of differential space use and the reversibility of such effects are unknown. Using a house sparrow (Passer domesticus ) model, we experimentally manipulated the space available to birds, testing the hypothesis that reductions in dendritic branching is associated with reduced Hp volume and that such reductions in volume are reversible. We found that reduced spatial availability associated with captivity had a profound and significant reduction in sparrow hippocampal volumes, which was highly correlated with the total length of dendrites in the region. This result suggests that changes to the dendritic structure of neurons may, in part, explain volumetric reductions in region size associated with captivity. In addition, small changes in available space even within captivity produced significant changes in the spine structure on Hp dendrites. These reductions were reversible following increased spatial opportunities. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that reductions to the Hp in captivity, often assumed to reflect a deleterious process, may be adaptive and a consequence of the trade‐off between cognitive and energetic demands. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 93–101, 2017 相似文献
15.
The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) melatonin on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in mice with partial tight ligation of the sciatic nerve, and how the nitric oxide (NO) precursor l-arginine and the opiate antagonist naloxone influence this effect. A plantar analgesic meter was used to assess thermal hyperalgesia, and nerve injury-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed with von Frey filaments. 1-5 weeks following the surgery, marked mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia developed in neuropathic mice. Intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal melatonin, with its higher doses, produced a blockade of thermal hyperalgesia, but not mechanical allodynia. Administration of both l-arginine and naloxone, at doses which produced no effect on their own, partially reversed antihyperalgesic effect of melatonin. These results suggest that although it has different effects on neuropathic pain-related behaviors, melatonin may have clinical utility in neuropathic pain therapy in the future. It is also concluded that l-arginine-NO pathway and opioidergic system are involved in the antihyperalgesic effect of melatonin in nerve-injured mice. 相似文献
16.
The dendrites of ganglion cells in the retina have an excess number of spines and branches that are normally lost during the first postnatal month of development. We investigated whether this dendritic remodeling can be prevented when the action potential activity of ganglion cells is abolished by chronic intraocular injections of tetrodotoxin (TTX) during the first 4 or 5 postnatal weeks in the cat. Dendritic tree morphologies of alpha and beta ganglion cells from TTX-treated, non-TTX-treated (contralateral eye), and normal control retinae were compared after intracellular filling with Lucifer yellow. Qualitative observations and quantitative measurements indicate that TTX treatment does not prevent the normally occurring loss of spines and dendritic branches. Indeed, the dendritic trees of both alpha and beta cells in TTX injected eyes actually have even fewer spines and branches than normal cells at equivalent ages. However, because the total dendritic lengths of these cells are also reduced after TTX blockade, spine density is indistinguishable from untreated animals at the same age. In addition, although dendritic field areas are not altered with treatment, the complexity of the dendritic trees is reduced. These observations suggest that dendritic remodeling can occur in the absence of ganglion cell action potential activity. Thus, the factors that influence the dendritic and axonal development of retinal ganglion cells must differ, because similar TTX treatment during the period of axonal remodeling does have profound effects on the final pattern of terminal arborizations. 相似文献
17.
18.
Mental retardation (MR) is a developmental brain disorder characterized by impaired cognitive performance and adaptive skills that affects 1–2% of the population. During the last decade, a large number of genes have been cloned that cause MR upon mutation in humans. The causal role of these genes provides an excellent starting point to investigate the cellular, neurobiological and behavioral alterations and mechanisms responsible for the cognitive impairment in mentally retarded persons. However, studies on Down syndrome (DS) reveal that overexpression of a cluster of genes and various forms of MR that are caused by single-gene mutations, such as fragile X (FraX), Rett, Coffin-Lowry, Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome and non-syndromic forms of MR, causes similar phenotypes. In spite of the many differences in the manifestation of these forms of MR, evidence converges on the proposal that MR is primarily due to deficiencies in neuronal network connectivity in the major cognitive centers in the brain, which secondarily results in impaired information processing. Although MR has been largely regarded as a brain disorder that cannot be cured, our increased understanding of the abnormalities and mechanisms underlying MR may provide an avenue for the development of therapies for MR. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology underlying MR, with a focus on FraX and DS 相似文献