HIV-1 tat基因改造及其蛋白表达、纯化与抗体制备

目的:为了方便实验室工作中HIV-1B'/C亚型及C亚型Tat蛋白的检测,制备了相应的Tat蛋白及其抗体。方法:将我国HIV-1B'/C亚型流行株tat基因的第1个外显子和HIV-1C亚型tat基因的第2个外显子融合在一起,将密码子替换为大肠杆菌的优势密码子,通过合成引物、PCR拼接的方法,获得目的基因序列;在原核系统中与pET32a 载体中的His·Tag、Trx·Tag及S·Tag进行融合表达;目的蛋白经Ni 金属螯合层析柱纯化后,用于免疫家兔,制备多克隆抗体。结果:PCR拼接获得306bp的目的基因序列;在原核系统中融合表达得到相对分子质量约31000的融合蛋白,占菌体总蛋白的21%。纯化后的融合蛋白免疫家兔,制备了多克隆抗体,Western印迹结果显示,获得的多克隆抗体与HIV-1B'/C亚型的Tat蛋白反应良好;间接免疫荧光结果表明,获得的多克隆抗体与HIV-1B'/C亚型和C亚型的Tat蛋白都能产生特异性反应。结论:制备的多克隆抗体能够使用间接免疫荧光方法检测HIV-1C亚型的Tat蛋白,使用Western印迹方法和间接免疫荧光方法都能检测HIV-1B'/C亚型的Tat蛋白。     

中国株HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体的构建与表达

运用限制性内切酶XbaⅠ、SalⅠ对pKSGAG进行双酶切,获得HIV-lgag基因,并与真核表达载体pCI—neo连接,构建含有中国流行株HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体pCI—neoGAG。经XbaⅠ／SalⅠ双酶切及测序鉴定证实,成功地构建了HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体pCI-neoGAG。通过脂质体将pCI—neoGAG转染入p815细胞,G418筛选4周后,使用间接免疫荧光方法检测表达产物。结果表明所构建的HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体能在p815细胞中高效表达,为下一步进行HIV-1 DNA疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

中国株HIV-1核心蛋白真核表达载体的构建与表达

运用限制性内切酶XbaⅠ、SalⅠ对pKSGAG进行双酶切,获得HIV-1 gag基因,并与真核表达载体pCI-neo连接,构建含有中国流行株HIV-1 核心蛋白真核表达载体pCI-neoGAG.经XbaⅠ/SalⅠ双酶切及测序鉴定证实,成功地构建了HIV-1 核心蛋白真核表达载体pCI-neoGAG.通过脂质体将pCI-neoGAG转染入p815细胞,G418筛选4周后,使用间接免疫荧光方法检测表达产物.结果表明所构建的HIV-1 核心蛋白真核表达载体能在p815细胞中高效表达,为下一步进行HIV-1 DNA疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

Phytochemical and Gene Expression Reveals the Antioxidant Responses to Copper Ions in Brassica rapa

The toxicity of increasing heavy metal ion in soil has been threatening the food security and environments. In this study, we used Brassica rapa variety Qinggen #1, a leafy and oil vegetable, to investigate the effects of coper ion (Cu²⁺) on adaptive defense to understand regulatory molecular mechanisms. The variety exhibited a high tolerance at high Cu²⁺ concentration (200 mg L⁻¹). More increases in superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and proline were observed at higher concentration than low concentrations. Enzyme activities of SOD, GR, CAT, and APX were significantly altered earlier than corresponding expression of coding genes was up-regulated, indicating two distinct regulations at enzyme and gene levels. The CAT activity and expression correlated with the reactive oxygen species levels, indicating a more important role than other enzymes. Taken together, the high tolerance to Cu²⁺ in B. rapa is resulting from changes in biochemistry, enzyme, and gene expression.

     

人钙周期蛋白结合蛋白（hCacyBP）基因的克隆与表达

筛选cDNA文库得到了人的钙周期蛋白结合蛋白基因 ,将此基因的全编码区克隆到原核表达载体pET2 8上 ,诱导目的蛋白质表达以后将重组蛋白质用亲和层析的方法进行纯化 ,得到了纯度很好的重组的目的蛋白质 ,以此作为抗原免疫动物 ,得到抗钙周期蛋白结合蛋白的特异多克隆抗体。Western印迹的结果表明 ,该基因在小鼠多种组织中广泛表达 ;免疫组化的结果表明 ,BT32 5细胞诱导分化后钙周期蛋白结合蛋白分布有变化 ,由分布于胞质中转向分布于胞核和核周胞质     

An Improved Strategy for Efficient Expression and Purification of Soluble HIV-1 Tat Protein in E.coli

Although the endogenous function of Tat has been elucidated in the past twenty years, the study of its exogenous activity has been hampered due to the difficulty of large scale preparation of the active Tat protein. To express the full-length Tat protein in E.coli, the tat gene was cloned from an HIV infected patient by overlapping PCR. Rare codon usage analysis showed that rare E.coli codons, especially consecutive rare codons for Arg, account for 14% （14 of 101） rare E.coli codons in the tat gene. The expression of the HIV-1 tat gene was verified to be very poor in strain BL21 （DE3） due to the abundance of rare codons; however, tat gene expression was found to be very efficient in the host strain of Rosetta-gami B （DE3）, which was supplemented with six rare tRNAs for Arg, Leu, Ile and Pro. Subsequent purification revealed that the proteins are soluble and unusually, the tagged Tat can form dimers independent of cystine disulfide bonds. The purity, integrity and molecular weight of the Tat protein were demonstrated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Reporter gene activating assay was further confirmed by investigating the transactivation activity of the recombinant Tat protein. Our improved strategy for efficient high level expression and purification of soluble Tat protein has paved the way to fully investigate its exogenous function.     

Tat Protein Induces Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Coreceptors and Promotes Infection with both Macrophage-Tropic and T-Lymphotropic HIV-1 Strains

Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the primary fusion coreceptors utilized for CD4-mediated entry by macrophage (M)- and T-cell line (T)-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains, respectively. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1 Tat protein, a potent viral transactivator shown to be released as a soluble protein by infected cells, differentially induced CXCR4 and CCR5 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CCR3, a less frequently used coreceptor for certain M-tropic strains, was also induced. CXCR4 was induced on both lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, whereas CCR5 and CCR3 were induced on monocytes/macrophages but not on lymphocytes. The pattern of chemokine receptor induction by Tat was distinct from that by phytohemagglutinin. Moreover, Tat-induced CXCR4 and CCR5 expression was dose dependent. Monocytes/macrophages were more susceptible to Tat-mediated induction of CXCR4 and CCR5 than lymphocytes, and CCR5 was more readily induced than CXCR4. The concentrations of Tat effective in inducing CXCR4 and CCR5 expression were within the picomolar range and close to the range of extracellular Tat observed in sera from HIV-1-infected individuals. The induction of CCR5 and CXCR4 expression correlated with Tat-enhanced infectivity of M- and T-tropic viruses, respectively. Taken together, our results define a novel role for Tat in HIV-1 pathogenesis that promotes the infectivity of both M- and T-tropic HIV-1 strains in primary human leukocytes, notably in monocytes/macrophages.     

一个新的水稻花器官突变体的鉴定和基因定位

在水稻（Oryza sativa）品种台中65的组培后代中发现一个花器官发育异常突变体flower organ number6（fon6）,其主要表型为：双子房,多柱头,7-8枚雄蕊。遗传分析表明,该突变表型由一对隐性基因控制。以该突变体与籼稻3037杂交的F2代分离群体作为定位群体,利用STS标记将与突变性状相关的基因定位于第6染色体短臂上STS标记PL4和PL5之间约480kb的范围内。该研究结果为进一步的基因克隆及功能研究奠定了基础。     

‘津田’芜菁Transparent Testa Glabra 1（BrTTG1）基因的克隆及表达分析

TTG1（Transparent Testa Glabra 1）蛋白是一种WD40类蛋白,参与植物的生长和发育。采用RT-PCR方法从芜菁品种‘津田＇中克隆了BrTTG1 cDNA序列（GenBank登录号HM208590）。该基因cDNA开放阅读框长度为1 014 bp,编码一个由337个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白,该蛋白分子量为37.28 kDa,理论等电点为4.66。与其他植物中的TTG1蛋白进行同源性比对结果显示,BrTTG1与甘蓝型油菜的TTG1同源性最高。BrTTG1蛋白在31～337位氨基酸处含有WD40超家族的保守结构域。荧光定量PCR检测BrTTG1在‘津田＇芜菁不同组织中的表达结果表明,该基因在有花青素合成的红色‘津田＇芜菁根皮中表达量最高。     

芜菁的类黄酮3'羟化酶基因克隆和UV-A诱导表达特性

用UV-A处理'津田'芜菁和'赤丸'芜菁块根24 h后提取总RNA,以RT-PCR方法分别克隆到BrF3'H1和BrF3'H2基因.BrF3'HI和BrF3'H2的开放读码框为1 536 bp,均编码511个氨基酸.氨基酸序列分析显示,BrF3'Hl和BrF3H2与甘蓝型油菜F3tH的同源性达99%.在第45～476的肽段含有细胞色素P450家族基因的结构域.BrF3HI和BrF3'H2基因有高度同源性,核苷酸序列的17个位点处有差异,推导的氨基酸序列在5个位点处有差异.Northern杂交结果显示,UV-A可以诱导BrF3HI表达,基因的表达量与UV-A处理时间呈相关,UV-A不能诱导BrF3'H2基因表达.     

HIV-1 Tat protein is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated in vitro.

Purified recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein stimulated acceptor-dependent reaction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the reaction products by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting with anti-poly(ADP-ribose) antibody revealed that recombinant Tat proteins were covalently modified with poly(ADP-ribose) in the enzyme reaction. Eventhough no significant effect of the modification was detected in the activity of Tat to form a specific complex with TAR (a viral transactivation response element) RNA, the present results raise the possibility that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is involved in the regulation of HIV-1 through the modification of a virus-encoded transactivator, Tat protein.     

Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA to recombinant HIV-1 gag polyprotein.

We have expressed the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag polyprotein (Pr55gag) in bacteria under the control of the T7 phage gene 10 promoter. When the gene encoding the viral protease is included in cis, in the -1 reading frame, the expected proteolytic cleavage products MA and CA are produced. Disruption of the protease-coding sequence prevents proteolytic processing, and full-length polyprotein is produced. Pr55gag, separated from bacterial proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes, binds RNA containing sequences from the 5' end of the HIV-1 genome. This binding is tolerant of a wide range of pH and temperature but has distinct salt preferences. Conditions were identified which prevented nonspecific binding of RNA to bacterial proteins but still allowed binding to Pr55gag. Under these conditions, irrelevant RNA probes lacking HIV-1 sequences bound Pr55gag less efficiently. Quantitation of binding to Pr55gag by HIV-1 RNA probes with deletions mutations demonstrated that there are two regions lying within the HIV-1 gag gene which independently promote binding of RNA to Pr55gag.