大豆子叶内酸性磷酸酶活性的超微结构定位

开花后３５～５０ ｄ 期间和萌发早期（播种后４～８ ｄ）的大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅｍ ａｘ Ｌ．）种子中,酸性磷酸酶主要分布在子叶细胞中的蛋白体内;在内质网内也检测到酸性磷酸酶活性。此外,在萌发早期的部分子叶细胞的质膜外侧及其细胞壁基质中可见密集的酸性磷酸酶活性;而且在近质膜的胞质中常见到一些富含磷酸铅沉淀的胞质小泡,似与质膜融合     

ULTRASTRUCTURE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE IN PEDICEL ABSCISSION OF HIBISCUS

Pedicel abscission in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was investigated by light and electron microscopy. During the pre-abscission period endoplasmic reticulum declined somewhat, dictyosomes increased in number and apparent activity, and mitochondria maintained their numbers. The observations suggested that dictyosomal vesicles were migrating to and fusing with the plasma membrane. The enzyme acid phosphatase was associated with dictyosomes and dictyosomal saccules, with small vacuoles and invaginations of the plasma membrane, and in the paramural region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. Our interpretation is that acid phosphatase, (and probably also the enzymes involved in cell wall dissolution) are transported via an endoplasmic reticulum-dictyosome-vesicle carrier system to the paramural regions of the cell. In more general terms, our observations support the view that the enzymes involved in the cell wall hydrolysis of abscission are synthesized within a compartmentalized, lysosomal system prior to their release and action.     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE AND THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROSECRETORY CELLS OF THE RAT

Supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus of rats were fixed for the electron microscope by vascular perfusion with solutions of glutaraldehyde followed by post fixation with osmium tetroxide. Cytochemical methods for detection of acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activity have been applied to glutaraldehyde-fixed frozen sections containing the neurosecretory cells. The enzyme activities have been localized to certain Golgi cisternae. Acid phosphatase activity is present in the large (0.4 µ to 1.0 µ) granules or dense bodies which are surrounded by a single limiting membrane; both features characterize these structures as lysosomes. Smaller (0.1 µ) granules also present in the perikarya are generally unreactive towards enzyme activity and resemble in form the neurosecretory granules in the neurohypophysis.     

STAINING AND ACID PHOSPHATASE REACTIONS OF SPHEROSOMES IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURE CELLS

Spherosomes in plant tissue culture cells from normal sunflower stems and sunflower crown gall tumors reacted similarly to several nonfluorescent and fluorescent lipid dyes. Sudan IV and black B were good selective spherosome stains. The lipid fluorochromes, Nile blue and 3, 4-benzpyrene were excellent selective spherosome stains and visualized the smallest particles more readily than did Sudan IV. Spherosomes could not be seen in tissues stained with Sudan IV or 3,4-benzpyrene after ether-alcohol extraction. Acid phosphatase was detected on the spherosomes in both normal and tumor tissues using the lead sulfide precipitation and the post-incubation coupling procedures.     

甜菊愈伤组织中的质膜内陷:超微结构和酸性磷酸酶细胞化学定位

对在分化条件下的甜菊 (Stevia rebaudiana)愈伤组织分生区域细胞的质膜内陷进行了超微结构和酸性磷酸酶细胞化学研究。结果表明 ,在不同液泡化状态的细胞中均有质膜内陷存在。在原生质浓密的细胞中 ,质膜呈起伏的波纹状 ,某些部位发生明显内陷 ,大小不等 ,多呈圆球状。在部分液泡化细胞中 ,质膜内陷体积增大 ,内含物增多且结构复杂。在液泡化细胞中 ,质膜内陷嵌入中央液泡 ,但彼此间以一膜间隙隔开。质膜内陷中的内含物以小泡和卷绕的膜结构形式存在。酸性磷酸酶活性定位结果显示 ,质膜及其内陷含高的酶活性。推测质膜内陷在功能上与液泡相似 ,构成了这些细胞水解空间的一部分。     

A CYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ACID PHOSPHATASE AND NUCLEASE ACTIVITY IN THE PLASTID OF CLOSTERIUM ACEROSUM1

Acid phosphatase activity in Closterium acerosum has been studied using the Gomori and the azo dye procedures. A modification of the Gomori method was used for detecting the distribution of acid nucleases. The plastid is the major site of acid phosphatase activity luhich may be primarily within pyrenoids, between pyrenoids, or throughout the plastid. The Gomori procedure showed activity within the pyrenoids or in the central core of the plastid, whereas the azo dye method showed activity throughout with an occasional tendency to be localized near the ends. No other cytoplasmic activity was ob-served but evidence for occasional activity in the nucleus is presented. Alkaline phosphatase could not be detected. Acid nuclease activity, which results in the degradation of DNA, RNA, and RNA-Core, has been found in both the nucleus and the plastid. Plastid activity is heat labile, whereas nuclear activity is only slightly diminished after 5 min at 100 C. The results arc interpreted as indicating at least 2 acid phosphatases and 2 nucleases in C. acerosum. The findings are discussed with respect to the distribution of similar enzymes in other organisms.     

小麦受精过程中酸性磷酸酶的超微细胞化学定位

小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ ）受精前成熟胚囊,除胚囊中央细胞的合点端细胞质中有酸性磷酸酶外,其余部位均未发现酸性磷酸酶。受精时期,以下部位存在酸性磷酸酶活性：卵细胞的细胞核内一部分染色质和细胞质中大部分线粒体;精、卵核融合时两核的核周腔内;退化助细胞合点端细胞质和一些液泡内;进入雌性细胞中的两个精核;胚囊各成员细胞的细胞壁及胚囊周围珠心细胞的细胞壁。二细胞原胚中未见有酸性磷酸酶。早期胚乳游离核染色质上有酸性磷酸酶。小麦受精过程酸性磷酸酶的分布特点可能与卵细胞生理状态的变化和细胞质中线粒体的改组、助细胞的退化、精核的生理状态以及精核与卵核的核膜融合等有关。     

菓蝇变态过程中磷酸酶的性质和变化

昆虫变态是一个复杂的生物学过程。经过这个过程,完全变态的昆虫从幼虫转变为成虫。由于幼虫和成虫的生活方式截然不同,在变态时发生了幼虫组织的退化和破坏以及成虫组织的新生和分化。这也就是一般所谓组织分解(Histolysis)和组织发生(Histogenesis)两个现象。关于变态的生物学和生理学,人们已积累了相当数量的知     

在生长、功能和萎退各期,大鼠乳腺磷酸酶的研究

前言虽然乳腺在生长、功能和萎退过程中形态上的变化是很大的(姚曾序、顾国彦,1957),可是和形态变化相伴随的化学和生物化学变化却研究得少。关于碱性磷酸酶(以下简称 AKP)方面,Kay(1925),Folley 和 Kay(1935)最早证明牛、羊和豚鼠乳腺含有相当量的这种酶。以后 Folley 和 Greenbaum(1947)进一步用生化方法研究了大鼠在怀     

CYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN GRANULE FRACTIONS FROM RABBIT POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES

When rabbit peritoneal exudates (97% polymorphonuclear [PMN] leukocytes, 2% mononuclear cells) were fractionated by zonal sedimentation or isopycnic centrifugation, four fractions (A, B, C, and D) were obtained, as reported earlier. "A" consisted largely of PMN azurophil granules, "B" of PMN specific granules, and "D" of membranous elements. The source of the more heterogeneous "C" fraction (containing acid hydrolases) was uncertain. To gain further information on the nature of this fraction, cytochemical tests for acid phosphatase (AcPase) were carried out on the starting cells and on the fractions. In intact PMN, lead phosphate reaction product was found in Golgi complexes, perinuclear cisternae, and some azurophil granules (immature forms or disrupted mature forms) of a few cells. The specifics and the intact azurophils were not reactive. Reaction product was also found within Golgi cisternae, secondary lysosomes, and some of the azurophil granules of mononuclear cells. Observations on the A and B fractions confirmed those in situ regarding the localization of reaction product in disrupted PMN azurophils, its absence from specifics, and the latency of the enzyme activity in intact azurophils. In the C fraction, AcPase was found in three structures (a) Golgi cisternae, (b) dense bodies, and (c) small pleomorphic granules Comparison with the starting cells indicates that the Golgi complexes are probably derived from both PMN leukocytes and mononuclear cells, whereas the remaining elements resemble (in size, shape, and density) secondary lysosomes and azurophil granules of mononuclear cells. The results indicate that the bulk of the cytochemically detectable AcPase present in the C fraction is derived from mononuclear cells, rather than from PMN leukocytes     

LOCALIZATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE IN LIPOFUSCIN GRANULES AND POSSIBLE AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLES IN INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF THE GUINEA PIG TESTIS

The intracellular localization of acid phosphatase in guinea pig testicular interstitial cells was investigated by incubating nonfrozen thick sections of glutaraldehyde-perfused testis in a modified Gomori medium and preparing the tissue for electron microscopy. Lipofuscin pigment granules in these cells contain dense pigment, granular matrix, and often a lipid droplet. Reaction product is seen in the matrix of the pigment granules, and they may therefore be called residual bodies. At least some of the dense pigment appears to be derived from myelin figures and membrane whorls, since suitable intermediates can be seen. Lipid droplets found free in the cytoplasm are another possible source of pigment. In both cases the chemical mechanism is presumed to be autoxidation of unsaturated lipid. Acid phosphatase is present in the inner cisterna of Golgi elements. Enzyme activity also appears in possible autophagic vacuoles bounded by double membranes; the reaction product lies between the membranes. Consideration of the enzyme as a tracer suggests that the autophagic vacuoles are derived from the Golgi complex. Possible stages in the formation of these vacuoles by the inner Golgi cisternae are observed.     

CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITY OF ACID PHOSPHATASE AND THE APPEARANCE OF METAMORPHOSING POTENCIES OF THE LARVAE OF THE ASCIDIAN, HALOCYNTHIA RORETZI

In the swimming phase of the larvae of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi , changes in the activity of acid phosphatase (AcP-ase) were studied cytochemically with respect to the appearance of metamorphosing potencies. The AcP-ase activity in the larvae before and soon after hatching is weakly visible only in and around the nuclei of the epithelial, muscular and notochordal cells. 6 hr after hatching the enzyme activity begins t o appear weakly in the microblasts around the proximal end of the notochordal sheath, whereas the activities which were found in the previous stages disappear. In the larvae which passed for 12 hr after hatching, the activity of AcP-ase is distinctly shown in the microblasts and also in the other 2 mesodermal cells, meso- and macro- blasts. The microblasts of this stage are closely attached to the notochordal sheath at the proximal end. At the same time, many large granules which appear similar to lysosomes are found in the microblast by an electron microscopy. The 6th hour's larvae after hatching can be induced slowly to resorb its tail by the treatment with a nile blue solution, but the time which it takes for tail resorption is gradually shortened depending on the age of the larva up until 12 hr after hatching.
From these results, i t was concluded that the appearance of the AcP-ase activity in the microblasts was parallel with the appearance of the potency of metamorphosis of the larvae after hatching. Possible roles of the microblasts at onset of meta- morphosis would seem to play a role in the rupture of the notochordal sheath and in the succeeding regression of the tail tissues.     

ULTRASTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GROWTH CONES AND AXONS OF CULTURED NERVE CELLS

Dorsal root ganglion nerve cells undergoing axon elongation in vitro have been analyzed ultrastructurally. The growth cone at the axonal tip contains smooth endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, neurofilaments, occasional microtubules, and a network of 50-A in diameter microfilaments. The filamentous network fills the periphery of the growth cone and is the only structure found in microspikes. Elements of the network are oriented parallel to the axis of microspikes, but exhibit little orientation in the growth cone. Cytochalasin B causes rounding up of growth cones, retraction of microspikes, and cessation of axon elongation. The latter biological effect correlates with an ultrastructural alteration in the filamentous network of growth cones and microspikes. No other organelle appears to be affected by the drug. Removal of cytochalasin allows reinitiation of growth cone-microspike activity, and elongation begins anew. Such recovery will occur in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and in the absence of exogenous nerve growth factor. The neurofilaments and microtubules of axons are regularly spaced. Fine filaments indistinguishable from those in the growth cone interconnect neurofilaments, vesicles, microtubules, and plasma membrane. This filamentous network could provide the structural basis for the initiation of lateral microspikes and perhaps of collateral axons, besides playing a role in axonal transport.     

野黄芩苷对内毒素抑制人牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

目的观察野黄芩苷对内毒素(LPS)抑制人牙周膜细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。方法原代培养人牙周膜细胞,采用酶动力学方法观察野黄芩苷对LPS抑制人牙周-膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果100μg/mL LPS可显著抑制体外培养的人牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶活性。加入0.001-10μg/ml野黄芩苷干预后,对LPS抑制碱性磷酸酶活性有一定的拮抗作用,在1μg/ml时达到高峰。结果 野黄芩苷可能通过拮抗LPS抑制牙周膜细胞碱性磷酸酶的活性,促使牙周膜细胞向成骨细胞分化而利于牙周组织再生修复。     

CYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASES IN EUGLENA GRACILIS

The localization of induced and constitutive acid phosphatase activity in Euglena was studied by light and electron microscopy, using two different cytochemical methods. Cells grown in high phosphate medium have constitutive acid phosphatase activity in three regions: in the Golgi complex, around the paramylum bodies, and in the peri-reservoir vesicles. Cells that have formed an induced acid phosphatase by exposure to a phosphate-deficient medium have, in addition to the constitutive activity localized exactly as in the uninduced cell, a strong activity in the pellicle. The induced activity is not uniformly distributed over the pellicle, but is localized at the notch of each pellicle complex, near a group of about four fibrils and near a characteristic vesicle of the endoplasmic reticulum. In the cytostome, where fission begins during division, there is an alternation of large and small pellicle complexes, both of which have induced phosphatase activity. A similar alternation is seen over the entire pellicle of dividing cells.     

不同代龄及生长状态下2BS细胞的酸性磷酸酶活性及氯酯醒对此的影响

实验以人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞(2BS)为材料,分别测定了处于不同代龄及不同生长时期的2BS细胞酸性磷酸酶(ACPase)活性。结果发现随着代龄增高,细胞ACPase活性上升。处于同一代龄的细胞,则接触抑制期细胞的ACPase活性显著高于生长期细胞。接触抑制引起的酶活性增高甚至超过代龄增加而引起的ACPase活性上升。30μg/ml的氯酯醒有抑制细胞ACPase活性的作用。