On several conjectures from evolution of dispersal

We address several conjectures raised in Cantrell et al. [Evolution of dispersal and ideal free distribution, Math. Biosci. Eng. 7 (2010), pp. 17–36 [9 Cantrell, R. S., Cosner, C. and Lou, Y. 2010. Evolution of dispersal and ideal free distribution. Math. Biosci. Eng., 7: 17–36. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]] concerning the dynamics of a diffusion–advection–competition model for two competing species. A conditional dispersal strategy, which results in the ideal free distribution of a single population at equilibrium, was found in Cantrell et al. [9 Cantrell, R. S., Cosner, C. and Lou, Y. 2010. Evolution of dispersal and ideal free distribution. Math. Biosci. Eng., 7: 17–36. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. It was shown in [9 Cantrell, R. S., Cosner, C. and Lou, Y. 2010. Evolution of dispersal and ideal free distribution. Math. Biosci. Eng., 7: 17–36. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] that this special dispersal strategy is a local evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) when the random diffusion rates of the two species are equal, and here we show that it is a global ESS for arbitrary random diffusion rates. The conditions in [9 Cantrell, R. S., Cosner, C. and Lou, Y. 2010. Evolution of dispersal and ideal free distribution. Math. Biosci. Eng., 7: 17–36. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] for the coexistence of two species are substantially improved. Finally, we show that this special dispersal strategy is not globally convergent stable for certain resource functions, in contrast with the result from [9 Cantrell, R. S., Cosner, C. and Lou, Y. 2010. Evolution of dispersal and ideal free distribution. Math. Biosci. Eng., 7: 17–36. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], which roughly says that this dispersal strategy is globally convergent stable for any monotone resource function.     

Nucleoside dimers analogs containing floxuridine and thymidine with unnatural linker groups: synthesis and cancer line studies. Part III

Abstract

Two series of novel fluorinated nucleosides dimers with an unnatural 1,2,3-triazole linkage were synthesized. The obtained molecules were prepared using “click” chemistry approach based on copper(I) catalyzed Huisgen azide–alkyne cycloaddition. It was performed between 3′- and 5′-azido-nucleosides as the azide components, and the 3′-O- and 5′-O-propargyl-nucleosides as the alkyne components. Based on analysis of the ³ Brunton, L. L.; Lazo, J. S.; Parker, K. L. (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th ed.; McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division: New York, NY, 2006. [Google Scholar]J_HH, ³ Brunton, L. L.; Lazo, J. S.; Parker, K. L. (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th ed.; McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division: New York, NY, 2006. [Google Scholar]J_H1′C2 and ³ Brunton, L. L.; Lazo, J. S.; Parker, K. L. (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th ed.; McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division: New York, NY, 2006. [Google Scholar]J_H1′C6 we estimated conformational preferences of sugar part and orientation around glycosidic bond. All described nucleosides dimers analogs were characterized by spectroscopic methods and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity in three human cancer cell lines: cervical (HeLa), oral (KB) and breast (MCF-7).     

New Important Iguanodontid and Theropod Trackways of the Tracksite Obernkirchen in the Berriasian of NW Germany and Megatracksite Concept of Central Europe

This article examines the high-resolution track horizon stratigraphy at the outcrop Obernkirchen. Massive sandstones, products of marine sand bar and fluviatile environments are present at the tracksite. Recently two track beds were examined in the outcrop. One new track slab of the lower track bed is described exposing well-preserved quadrupedal iguanodontid tracktypes of Iguanodontipus Sarjeant, Delair, and Lockley, 1998 Sarjeant, W. A. S., Delair, J. B. and Lockley, M. G. 1998. The footprints of Iguanodon: a history and taxonomic study. Ichnos, 6: 183–202. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar], and bipedal theropod tracks Megalosauropus Kaever and Lapparent, 1974 Kaever, M. and Lapparent, A. F. de. 1974. Les traces des pas le Dinosaures du Jurassique des Barkhausen (Basse Saxe, Allemagne). Bulletin de la Societé Geologique Français, 16: 516–525.  [Google Scholar]. The ichnogenus Iguanodontipus is discussed and the diagnosis extended. The tracksite Obernkirchen belongs to a megatracksite of the ancient coastline of the marginal marine Hercynic Basin of the Lower Cretaceous of Europe, including the four well-known sites Obernkirchen, Bad Rehburg, Münchehagen, and Bückeburg of Northwest Germany. Three different tracktypes of huge sauropods, theropods, and ornithopods are abundant at basal Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic coastlines in different regions in Spain, Portugal, England, Germany, and Switzerland. Dinosaur tracks are also present in carbonate platform environments of northern Italy and Istria.     

Description of a new Aelurillus species from Khorasan province of Iran,with comments on A. concolor Kulczyński, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae)

A new species Aelurillus khorasanicus sp.n. (♂♀) is described from north-east Iran. Aelurillus muganicus Dunin, 1984 Dunin, P. M. (1984): Fauna and ecology of spiders (Aranei) of Apsheron Peninsula [in Russian]. pp. 45–60. In: Utochkin, A. S. et al. (eds.), Fauna i ekologiya paukoobraznykh. Perm: PGU Press. [Google Scholar] is synonymised with A. concolor Kulczyński, 1901 Kulczyński, W. (1901): Arachnoidea. pp. 311–369. In: Horvath, G. (ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse der dritten asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy. Volume 2. Budapest. [Google Scholar]. A distribution map of the two species is provided.     

New records of Hydrochus Leach, 1817 (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae) from Iran

Abstract

Hydrochus ignicollis Motschulsky, 1860 Motschulsky, V. de (1860), ‘Coléoptères rapportés de la Sibérie orientale et notamment des pays situés sur les bords du fleuve Amour par MM. Schrenck, Maack, Ditmar, Voznessenski etc.’, in Reisen und Forschungen im Amur - Lande in den Jahren 1854–1856 im Auftrage der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt und in Verbindung mit mehreren Gelehrten herausgegeben. Band II. ed. L. Schrenck , Zweite Lieferung . Coleopteren, St. Petersburg: Eggers und Comp., pp. 80–257, pls. VI–XI. [Google Scholar] is recorded from Iran (Gilan Province) for the first time. In addition, new Iranian provincial records are provided for two species: H. nodulifer Reitter, 1897 Reitter, E . (1897), ‘Dreißig neue Coleopteren aus russisch Asien und der Mongolei’, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift , 1897(2), 209–228. [Google Scholar] (Zanjan Province) and H. farsicus Hidalgo-Galiana, Jäch, and Ribera, 2010 Hidalgo-Galiana, A. , Jäch, M.A. , and Ribera, I . (2010), ‘ Hydrochus farsicus sp. n. from Iran and Notes on other Palearctic Species of the Genus (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea: Hydrochidae)’, Zootaxa , 2344, 61–64.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar] (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province). Photographs of the habitus, the male genitalia and the habitat of H. ignicollis are provided.     

A Life-History Model of Human Fitness Indicators

Recent adaptationist accounts of human mental and physical health have reinvigorated the debate over the evolution of human intelligence. In the tradition of strong inference the current study was developed to determine whether either Miller's (1998 Miller, G. F. 1998. “How mate choice shaped human nature: A review of sexual selection and human evolution”. In Handbook of evolutionary psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications, Edited by: Crawford, C. and Krebs, D. 87–129. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.  [Google Scholar], 2000a Miller, G. F. 2000a. Mental traits as fitness indicators: Expanding evolutionary psychology's adaptationism. Evolutionary approaches to human reproductive behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 907: 62–74. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Fitness Indicator Theory or Rushton's (1985 Rushton, J. P. 1985. Differential K theory: The sociobiology of individual and group differences. Pers Indiv Diff, 6(4): 441–452. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], 2000 Rushton, J. P. 2000. Race, evolution, and behavior: A life-history perspective, 3rd, Port Huron, MI: Charles Darwin Research Institute.  [Google Scholar]) Differential-K Theory better accounts for general intelligence (“g”) in an undergraduate university population (N = 192). Owing to the lengthy administration time of the test materials, a newly developed 18-item short form of the Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM-18; Sefcek, Miller, and Figueredo 2007 Sefcek, J. A., Miller, G. F. and Figueredo, A. J. 2007. “Development and of an 18-item short form of the Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM-18). (Submitted)”.  [Google Scholar]) was used. A significant, positive relationship between K and F (r = .31, p < .001) emerged. Contrary to predictions, no significant relationships were found between “g” and either K or F (r = –.09, p ≥ .05 and r = .11, p ≥ .05, respectively). Though generally contrary to both hypotheses, these results may be explained in relation to antagonistic pleiotropy and a potential failure to derive correct predictions for within-species comparisons directly from the results of between-species comparisons.     

The genus Antillophos Woodring, 1928 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from the China seas,with description of a new species

The species of genus Antillophos Woodring, 1928 Woodring, W.P. (1928) Miocene Mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica. 2. Gastropods and Discussion of Results. Contributions to the Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies. Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington D.C. [Google Scholar] from the China seas are studied. Six species, Antillophos liui n. sp., Antillophos lucubratonis Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 Fraussen, K. & Poppe, G.T. (2005) Revision of Phos and Antillophos (Buccinidae) from the Central Philippines. Visaya 1, 76–115. [Google Scholar], Antillophos monsecourorum Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 Fraussen, K. & Poppe, G.T. (2005) Revision of Phos and Antillophos (Buccinidae) from the Central Philippines. Visaya 1, 76–115. [Google Scholar], Antillophos pyladeum (Kato, 1995 Kato, S. (1995) Discussion of the genus Phos. Hitaciobi 70, 15–20. [Google Scholar]), Antillophos roseatus (Hinds, 1844 Hinds, R.B. (1844) Mollusca. In: Hinds, R.B. (Ed.) The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur During the years 1836–1842. 2. Smith, Elder and Co., London, pp. 1–72. [Google Scholar]) and Antillophos sp., are described and illustrated.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:51481997-A841-4F37-8E15-B753DC99CB4D     

Buried Tracks: Ichnological Applications of High-Frequency Georadar

Recognition and sampling of traces in unconsolidated sands present a major challenge for ichnologists. This can be partially remedied through the application of high-resolution geophysical techniques, such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR or georadar), which uses electromagnetic impulse for continuous imaging of shallow subsurface. It addition to geological applications, GPR imaging has been used in several studies focused on animal traces as related to conservation of endangered fossorial species (Kinlaw et al., 2007 Kinlaw, A. E., Conyers, L. B. and Zajac, W. 2007. Use of ground penetrating radar to image burrows of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). Herpetological Review, 38: 50–56.  [Google Scholar]; Martin et al., 2011 Martin, A. J., Skaggs, S. A., Vance, R. K. and Greco, V. 2011. Ground-penetrating radar investigation of gopher-tortoise burrows: Refining the characterization of modern vertebrate burrows and associated commensal traces. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 43: 381 [Google Scholar]), slope and levee stability (Nichol et al., 2003 Nichol, D., Lenham, J. W. and Reynolds, J. M. 2003. Application of ground-penetrating radar to investigate the effects of badger setts on slope stability at St. Asaph Bypass, North Wales. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 36: 143–153.  [Google Scholar]; Di Prinzio et al., 2010 Di Prinzio, M, Bittelli, M., Castellarin, A. and Pisa, P. R. 2010. Application of GPR to the monitoring of river embankments. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 7: 53–61.  [Google Scholar]), and mapping of fossil tracks (Matthews et al., 2006 Matthews, N. A., Noble, T. A. and Breithaupt, B. H. 2006. “The application of photogrammetry, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) to fossil resource management”. In Fossils from Federal Lands, Edited by: Lucas, S. G., Spielmann, J. A., Hester, P. M., Kenworthy, J. P. and Santucci, V. L. Vol. 34, 119–131. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin.  [Google Scholar]; Aucoin and Hasbargen, 2010 Aucoin, C. D. and Hasbargen, L. 2010. Using GPR, GPS and close-range photography to map and characterize dinosaur tracks in the Connecticut River valley. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 42: 276 [Google Scholar]) and tracking surfaces (Webb, 2007 Webb, S. 2007. Further research of the Willandra Lakes fossil footprint site, southeastern Australia. Journal of Human Evolution, 52: 711–715. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Few efforts have been dedicated specifically to characterizing burrow and track characteristics (Stott, 1996 Stott, P. 1996. Ground-penetrating radar: a technique for investigating the burrow structure of fossorial vertebrates. Wildlife Research, 22: 519–530.  [Google Scholar]; Sensors & Software Inc., 2010 [compilation on geophysical projects related to animal burrows]; Buynevich and Hasiotis, 2011; Buynevich et al., 2011; Martin et al., 2011) and most of the above studies are published in journals not routinely accessed by ichnologists.     

Index 1999

Phylloicus Müller, 1880 Müller, F. 1880. ‘Sobre as casas construídas pelas larvas de insectos Trichopteros da Provincia de Santa Catharina’. Archivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 3: 99–134. 210–214, plates 8–11 [Google Scholar] and Banyallarga Navás, 1916 Navás, R. P.L. 1916. ‘Neuroptera nova Americana’. Memorie della Pontificia Accademia Romana dei Nuovi Lincei, Serie II, 2: 59–80.  [Google Scholar] are endemic Neotropical genera of Calamoceratidae. Currently, Phylloicus has 55 extant species, 19 of which are recorded from Brazil, and a fossil species from Dominican amber. In this paper, a new species of Phylloicus is described and illustrated from specimens collected in Amazonas State, Brazil. This new species has peculiar hind wing venation, with vein R₄ attached basally to the base of R₂₊₃. Therefore, a modified diagnosis to the genus is presented to include Phylloicus dumasi sp. nov. The new species is somewhat similar to P. paprockii Prather, 2003 Prather, A. L. 2003. ‘A revision of the Neotropical caddisfly genus Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae)’. Zootaxa, 275: 1–214.  [Google Scholar], but can be distinguished from these and other Phylloicus species by the atypical hind wing venation, uniform colouration, and male genitalia with tergum IX produced posteriorly into two wide lobes.     

Early Oligocene Mammal Tracks from Southeastern France

Two new sites with mammalian footprints in the early Oligocene of southeastern France are described here. They represent one of the best preserved and more numerous record of tracks and trackways in the world with more than 320 ichnites. Many of those are arranged in trackways and sometimes show pes-manus impressions, a quite rare feature in mammalian ichnology. The ichnotaxonomic study indicates the presence of perissodactyls tracks referred to as Rhinoceripeda voconcense (Demathieu et al., 1984 Demathieu, G., Ginsburg, L., Guérin, C. and Truc, G. 1984. Etude paléontologique, ichnologique et paléoécologique du gisement oligocène de Saignon (bassin d’Apt, Vaucluse). Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 6: 153–183.  [Google Scholar]), artiodactyls footprints referred to as Megapecoripeda velox (Demathieu et al., 1984 Demathieu, G., Ginsburg, L., Guérin, C. and Truc, G. 1984. Etude paléontologique, ichnologique et paléoécologique du gisement oligocène de Saignon (bassin d’Apt, Vaucluse). Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 6: 153–183.  [Google Scholar]) and a carnivore footprint referred to as Bestiopeda sp. Vialov (1966) Vialov, O. S. 1966. Sledy zhiznedeyatelnosti organizmow i ikh paleontologicheskoe znachenie. Naukova Dumka, : 219 (in Russian) [Google Scholar]. They can be attributed to early Rhinocerotids, Lophiomerycids and/or Entelodonts and Mustelid-like carnivore, respectively. This study also aims at homogenizing the ichnotaxonomy used for mammal tracks where several genera were erected without a full review of the literature. All this taken together reveals a rich mammalian ichnofauna at a time period when no other fossils of mammals are known in the area and represents a good opportunity to provide state-of-the-art concerning the worldwide known sites that yielded mammalian footprints.     

175 Structure-based engineering to generate high-affinity immunotherapy for the drug of abuse

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a major threat in the USA and worldwide without any FDA approved medications. Anti-METH antibody antagonists block or slow the rate of METH entry into the brain and have shown efficacy in preclinical studies (Peterson, Laurenzana, Atchley, Hendrickson, & Owens, 2008 Peterson, E. C., Laurenzana, E. M., Atchley, W. T., Hendrickson, H. P. and Owens, S. M. 2008. Development and preclinical testing of a high-affinity single-chain antibody against (+)-methamphetamine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 08: 124–133.  [Google Scholar]).?A key determinant of the antibody’s efficacy is its affinity for METH and we attempted to enhance the efficacy by designing mutations to alter the shape or the electrostatic character of the binding pocket. Towards this goal, we developed a single chain anti-METH antibody fragment (scFv6H4) from a parent IgG (1). The crystal structure of scFv-6H4 in complex with METH was determined (Celikel, Peterson, Owens, & Varughese, 2009 Celikel, R., Peterson, E. C., Owens, S. M. and Varughese, K. I. 2009. Crystal structures of a therapeutic single chain antibody in complex with two drugs of abuse-Methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Protein Science, 09: 2336–2345.  [Google Scholar]). Based on its elucidated binding interactions, we designed point mutations in the binding pocket to improve its affinity for METH and amphetamine (AMP), the active metabolite of METH. The mutants, scFv-S93T,-I37?M and -Y34?M were cloned, expressed in yeast and tested for affinity against METH and AMP. Two mutants showed enhanced binding affinity for METH: scFv-I37?M by 1.3-fold and scFv-S93T by 2.6-fold. Additionally, all the mutants showed increase in affinity for AMP: scFv-I37?M by 56-fold, scFv-S93T by 17-fold and scFvY34?M by 5-fold. Crystal structure for one of the high-affinity mutant, scFv-S93T, in complex with METH was determined (Figure 1). Binding pocket of the mutant is more hydrophobic in comparison with the wild type. ScFv-6H4 binds METH in a deep pocket containing two water molecules. The substitution of a serine residue by a threonine leads to the expulsion of a water molecule (Figure 2), relieving some unfavorable contacts between the hydrocarbon atoms of METH and the water molecule and increasing the affinity to sub-nanomolar range. Therefore, the present study shows that efficacy could be enhanced by altering the hydrophobicity or the shape of the binding pocket.     

Small Amphibian and Reptile Footprints from the Permian Carapacha Basin,Argentina

This paper contains a taxonomic study of the Permian tetrapod ichnofauna from the Carapacha Basin. Tetrapod traces are analyzed in their environmental context and compared with similar faunas from Europe and North America. This ichnofauna is particularly relevant because of the scarcity of Permian tetrapod tracks from South America and also of Permian tetrapod fossils from Argentina. Ephemeral fluvial and shallow lacustrine deposits compose the sedimentary succession of the basin, which is represented by the Carapacha Formation. Most of the tracks have been collected from the upper member of the formation (Urre-Lauquen Member), mainly from freshwater ephemeral lake deposits as well as from playa-lake mudflats. The deposits of this member have been attributed to the early Late Permian on the basis of a Glossopteris fossil flora. Ichnotaxonomic designations of tetrapod traces are made on the basis of morphologic features that reflect the anatomy of the producer and special attention has been paid to extramorphologic deformations observed in the track assemblage. A total of four footprint ichnotaxa have been recognized, namely Batrachichnus salamandroides (Geinitz, 1861 Geinitz, H. B. 1861. Dyas oder die Zechsteinformation und das Rhotliegende—Die animalischen Überreste der Dyas, 130 ppLeipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.  [Google Scholar]), Hyloidichnus bifurcatus Gilmore, 1927 Gilmore, C. W. 1927. Fossil footprints from the Grand Canyon: second contribution. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, 80(3): 1–78.  [Google Scholar], cf. Amphisauropus isp. and cf. Varanopus isp. These track taxa are associated with two forms of vertebrate swimming traces (Characichnos isp. and type A swimming trace) and a possible fish trail. Invertebrate trace fossils include abundant arthropod locomotion traces and Scoyenia isp. The ichnofauna is composed of six tetrapod ichnocoenoses that are dominated by tiny amphibian tracks attributed to Temnospondyli (Batrachichnus and type A swimming trace) and Seymouriamorpha (Amphisauropus), and also contain the footprints of small reptiles, mostly Captorhinomorpha and possibly Pelycosauria (Hyloidichnus and Varanopus). Even if the ichnofauna of the Carapacha Basin is slightly younger than typical examples from the literature of the Early Permian “red bed ichnofacies” (Hunt et al., 1995b Hunt, A. P., Lucas, S. G., Lockley, M. G., Haubold, H. and Braddy, S. 1995b. Tetrapod ichnofacies in Early Permian red beds of the American Southwest. Bulletin New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 6: 295–301. Early Permian footprint facies [Google Scholar]), a comparison is made. However, further detailed case studies are needed to formally define this “red bed ichnofacies” and its prospective subdivisions.     

Salmonella Typhimurium methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) prefers TrxA in repairing methionine sulfoxide

Intraphagocytic survival of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) depends (at least in part) upon its ability to repair oxidant-damaged macromolecules. Met residues either free or in protein bound form are highly susceptible to phagocyte-generated oxidants. Oxidation of Mets leads to Met-SO formation, consequently loss of protein functions that results in cell death. Methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) reductively repairs Met-SO to Met in the presence of thioredoxin (trx) and thioredoxin reductase (trxR). Earlier we reported that methionine sulfoxide reductase A (msrA) gene deletion strain of ST suffered oxidative stress.^[1 Trivedi, R.N.; Agarwal, P.; Kumawat, M.; Pesingi, P.K.; Gupta, V.K.; Goswami, T.K.; Mahawar, M. Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A (MsrA) Contributes to Salmonella Typhimurium Survival Against Oxidative Attack of Neutrophils. Immunobiology 2015, 220(12), 1322–1327.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]^] Thioredoxin system of ST comprises of two thioredoxins (trxA and trxC) and one thioredoxin reductase (trxB). Preferred trx utilized in MsrA-mediated repair of Met-SO is not known. In current study, we cloned, expressed, and purified ST TrxA, TrxB, TrxC, and MsrA in recombinant forms. The migration of TrxA, TrxB, TrxC, and MsrA proteins was approximately 10, 36, 16, and 26?kDa on SDS-gels. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH)-linked reductase assays interpreted that MsrA utilized two times more NADPH for the reduction of S-methyl p-tolyl sulfoxide when TrxA was included in the assays as compared to TrxC.     

Review of the genus Catomus Allard, 1876 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Iran

Five species of the genus Catomus Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] are known from Iran. Catomus fragilis (Ménétriés, 1848) is recorded from Iran for the first time. Lectotypes of C. persicus Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] (type species of the genus) and C. semiruber Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] are designated. These species are also redescribed and figured. A key to the species of Catomus in the Iranian fauna is given.     

DNA binding,photocleavage, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes containing BOPIP ligand, (BOPIP = {2-(4-(benzyloxy) phenyl)-1H-imidazo [4,5-f] [1,2]phenanthroline})

A novel ligand BOPIP (BOPIP?=?{2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline}) and its mononuclear Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(phen)₂ BOPIP]²⁺(1) (phen?=?1,10-Phenanthrolene), [Ru(bpy)₂ BOPIP]²⁺(2) (bpy?=?2,2′ bipyridyl), [Ru(dmb)₂ BOPIP]²⁺(3) (dmb?=?4, 4′ -dimethyl 2, 2′ -bipyridine), [Ru(Hdpa)₂ BOPIP]²⁺(4) (Hdpa?=?2,2′dipyridylamine) have been synthesized successfully and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, IR, ¹H, ¹³ Gill, M. R.; Garcia-Lara, J.; Foster, S. J.; Smythe, C.; Battaglia, G.; Thomas, J. A. A Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl Complex for Direct Imaging of DNA Structure in Living Cells. Nat. Chem. 2009, 1, 662–667.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]C-NMR, and ESI-MS Spectroscopy. The interaction of these complexes with CT-DNA was studied using absorption, emission techniques, viscosity measurements and molecular docking studies. The docking study also supports the binding ability of complexes obtained through the absorption and emission techniques. These studies reveal that the Four Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes bind to DNA predominantly by intercalation. The Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of these complexes are also reported.