Trichome micromorphology in Turkish species of Ziziphora (Lamiaceae)

Ziziphora L. is represented by 5 species and 2 subspecies in the flora of Turkey: Z. clinopodioides, Z. capitata, Z. persica, Z. tenuior, Z. taurica subsp. taurica, Z. taurica subsp. cleonioides. It is difficult to distinguish between some Ziziphora taxa because of their morphological similarities. In this study, the leaf and calyx trichomes of Ziziphora taxa in Turkey were studied in order to assess anatomical variations that may serve as distinguishing characters. Their micromorphological features were surveyed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Trichomes on leaves and calyx can be divided into two general types: non‐glandular trichomes and glandular (secretory) trichomes. The non‐ glandular trichomes are simple, acicular or curved with cuticular micropapillae. They usually consist of one or more additional cells. The glandular trichomes are divided into two types: peltate and capitate and Ziziphora taxa can easily be distinguished by presence/absence, density and types of glandular trichomes on leaves and calyx. The peltate trichomes consist of 12 or 18 secretory head cells in a single disc; four or six central cells surrounded by eight or twelve peripheral ones. Peltate trichomes are absent on the adaxial leaf surface of Z. capitata and Z. persica. Two types of capitate trichomes are present in Ziziphora. The capitate trichomes are only absent on the calyx surface of Z. persica. In addition, the trichome micromorphology provides some support for separating the two subspecies of Z. taurica. In conclusion, Ziziphora taxa can easily be distinguished by cell number, cell shape presence/absence and density of the glandular trichomes on leaves and calyx.     

Ergänzungen und Nachträge zur Bryoflora und Bryogeographie der ostmediterranen Insel Kreta in der Aegaeis

Abstract

During· the spring of 1972, 1730 specimens of bryophytes were collected in Crete, inc1udingtwenty-nine species not previously known from the island: twenty-four of these are new for the Aegean region. Jungennannia handelii was found for the third time in Europe, and for the first time spores and elaters are described. Now altogether 266 species and subspecies have been collected in Crete. For the provinces of the island new numbers of bryophytes are given: Chama 224, Rethimnon 148, Iraklion 137, and Lasithiou 111 species and subspecies.     

First record of Miocene crustaceans from Hormozgan Province,Southern Iran

Four decapod crustacean species from the Middle Miocene Mishan Formation of Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran are described. Three species of leucosiid crabs represent the first fossil record for their respective genera outside the Indo-Pacific region. The oldest records for Leucosia sensu lato, Phylira sensu lato, and Arcania are from Middle Miocene deposits of the Indo-Pacific, and thus their paleobiogeographic distribution is extended for this lapse of time. Harpactocarcinus miocenicus n. sp. represents the youngest and most oriental occurrence for a typically Eocene genus, whose species are known mainly from Central Europe. This contribution represents the first formal report for Tertiary crustaceans from Iran.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Kailasius autocrator</Emphasis> (Avinov, 1913) (Lepidoptera,Papilionidae) found in the alai mountain ridge (the Pamir-Alai)

A new subspecies, Kailasius autocrator murun Korb, ssp. n., of the species Kailasius autocrator (Avinov, 1913) from the eastern part of the Alai Mountain Ridge is described. This subspecies differs from the other known ones in the smaller size (the fore-wing length is less than 23 mm) and in the presence of 5 black rounded spots in the submarginal area of the hind-wing upper side (4 spots in the nominotypical subspecies and K. a. pshartanus). The new subspecies is shown to be the most archaic one among the subspecies of the genus Kailasius by the wing pattern. Possible ways for the origin of local and small populations of morphologically different subspecies of the genus are discussed.     

Uacaries,new world monkeys of the genus Cacajao(Cebidae,Platyrrhini): A preliminary taxonomic review with the description of a new subspecies

The two known species of uacaries, inhabitants of the upper Amazonian region, are the black head Cacajao melanocephalus with subspecies C. m. melanocephalus Humboldt and C. m. ouakary Spix, and the larger bald head uacari C. calvus with subspecies C. c. ucayalii Thomas, C. c. rubicundus I. Geoffroy and Deville, C. c. calvus I. Geoffroy, and C. c. novaesi described as new. The diagnostic generic characters described are the external, cranial, dental, some postcranial, and cytogenetic. The species are described and compared and their geographic distribution plotted with those of their subspecies delimited. Sexual differences are outlined. Apart from size-related characters, the species and subspecies are distinguished by pelage pattern of head and coloration in general. It is shown that both species could have diverged from a hairy-headed melanistic ancestral form. Pelage divergence in the descendants was expressed by the more pilose head of C. melanocephalus, and less pilose of C. calvus. Coloration differentiation was geographic and followed metachromic lines with mutation from eumelanism to partial pheomelanism (reddish or golden) in C. melanocephalus and to virtually complete pheomelanism in C. calvus. The subspecies of each species are distinguished by color patterns resulting from selective bleaching or dilution of the pheomelanin fields. The most saturate pheomelanic subspecies of C. calvus is C. c. ucayalii and the most dilute is the albinotic C. c. calvus. Correlation between coloration and environment is not evident. A gazetteer identifies all locality records plotted by numbers on the geographic distribution maps.     

A new infraspecific arrangement of Teucrium thymifolium (Lamiaceae), an aggregate endemic to the Iberian Peninsula

In the framework of our studies on Lamiaceae from the eastern Iberian Peninsula, for the forthcoming fourth volume of Flora valentina, a new infraspecific arrangement is proposed here for the Iberian endemic Teucrium thymifolium. Besides the type subspecies, T. thymifolium subsp. thymifolium, which is widely distributed through the eastern Iberian Peninsula, two new nomenclatural combinations are established: (i) T. thymifolium subsp. fraternum (Pau) M.B. Crespo, M.A. Alonso & Mart.-Azorín (= T. terciae), for the thermophilous populations growing in SE Murcia province, and (ii) T. thymifolium subsp. hervieri (Briq. & Debeaux) M.B. Crespo, M.A. Alonso & Mart.-Azorín, for Subbaetic inland populations from where the provinces of Albacete, Jaén and Granada come into contact. Nomenclatural types and data on distribution and ecology are reported for all accepted subspecies, including the designation of a lectotype for T. thymifolium subsp. hervieri. Furthermore, relationships of the latter to the recently described T. moleromesae Sánchez Gómez et al. are briefly discussed, both taxa being treated here in synonymy.     

Phylogeography of willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus) in the Arctic: taxonomic discordance as inferred from molecular data

Using independently segregating nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mitochondrial control region sequences, we found an east–west division among sampled willow grouse Lagopus lagopus subspecies. This division cut across the range of the subspecies with the largest distribution (lagopus) and thus contradicted existing taxonomic classifications. Russian Lagopus lagopus lagopus tended to cluster with North American willow grouse partly classified as other subspecies. Scandinavian willow grouse (L. l. lagopus) clustered with red grouse from Britain and Ireland (Lagopus lagopus scoticus and Lagopus lagopus hibernicus) but substructuring confirmed the monophyly of the latter. In North America, we could not detect any major genetic divisions apart from two birds described as alexandrae from the Heceta Island (Alaska) when using mitochondrial sequences. Other samples from North America were intermingled regardless of whether they were described as muriei, alexandrae or lagopus. A specimen described as alexandrae was to some extent distinct when analysing the SNP data. The genetic analyses indicated some concordance between genetics and taxonomy but not complete congruence. This is particularly evident for mitochondrial DNA network analyses. We suggest that the taxonomy of this species would benefit by a careful re‐examination of the available evidence for subspecies. It appears as if subspecies status is a poor proxy for assigning evolutionary significant units and management units in this species. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110 , 77–90.     

700. MECONOPSIS WILSONII subsp. ORIENTALIS

Meconopsis wilsonii subsp. orientalis Grey‐Wilson, Rankin & Wu, a new subspecies from north‐east Yunnan Province of China, is described and illustrated. Its relationships with other members of subsection Eupolychaetia, particularly M. wallichii, M. violacea and the other subspecies of M. wilsonii, are discussed.     

Jurinea cataonica subsp. mardinensis subsp. nov. (Asteraceae) from southeast Anatolia,Turkey

A new subspecies, Jurinea cataonica Boiss. & Hausskn. subsp. mardinensis B. Do?an & A. Duran (Asteraceae), is described and illustrated from Anatolia, Turkey. The subspecies grows on abandoned fields in the Bakirkiri place (C8 Mardin Province) in southeastern Anatolia. It is morphologically similar to J. cataonica subsp. cataonica. Diagnostic morphological characters between these closely similar taxa are discussed and arranged in a key. Ecology and conservation status of the subspecies is also presented. In addition, the geographical distributions of the new subspecies and other related species are given.     

872. COCHEMIEA PONDII subsp. MARITIMA

Cochemiea pondii subsp. maritima is illustrated, the species and all three subspecies described, each provided with a full synonymy, statements on distribution, habitat and ecology, etymology, phenology, and conservation status. A commentary is given on the re‐acceptance of Cochemiea, separated from Mammillaria. Cultivation notes are provided; the species, and in particular subspecies maritima, is far from common in cultivation and not widely available. The discussion covers aspects of recognition of the subspecies, type collections, related taxa, and comments on the addition of several more species to the genus by Doweld.     

A revision of the Nasa ranunculifolia group (Nasa ser. Grandiflorae pro parte,Loasaceae)

The monophyletic Nasa ranunculifolia group (Nasa ser. Grandiflorae pro parte) is revised on the basis of extensive field studies and a revision of copious herbarium material. All species of this group are from the high Andes of Peru and Ecuador (mostly 3000–4300 m). The overall degree of morphological divergence is much lower than in other groups of Nasa and many of the various local ‘races’ are best recognized as ecogeographically isolated subspecies. Thus, six species and 13 subspecies are recognized on the basis of differences in leaf and floral morphology, growth habit, life history and distribution. Nasa ranunculifolia, N. macrantha, N. cymbopetala and N. macrorrhiza are united as subspecies under N. ranunculifolia. An additional five subspecies of N. ranunculifolia are newly described (ssp. pamparomasii, ssp. guzmangoensis, ssp. bolivarensis, ssp. patazensis and ssp. huanucoensis). Nasa rugosa is subdivided into four subspecies, three of them new (ssp. llaqtacochaensis, ssp. gracilipes and ssp. pygmaea). Nasa tulipadiaboli sp. nov. and N. basilica sp. nov. are described as new species. Eight taxa (seven subspecies and one species) are endemic to the Amotape–Huancabamba Zone, and seven of them (six subspecies and one species) are new to science. Only a single species ranges into the Amotape–Huancabamba Zone from the south, underscoring the high levels of endemism (and taxonomic novelty) in this area. Illustrations, distribution maps, a key and diagnoses are given for all taxa recognized. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 167 , 47–93.     

Prozercon iranensis sp. n., a new species of Zerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Iran

A new species of pseudoscorpion of the genus Calocheiridius Beier &; Turk, Calocheiridius iranicus n. sp., is described from Markazi province, Iran. Illustrations and measurements of the species are given. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:06332B5C-D43A-4955-AB6C- 5847D10C2BAC     

Phylogeography of the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa: substructuring revealed by mtDNA control region sequences

Black-tailed (Limosa limosa) and Hudsonian Godwits (L. haemastica) are sometimes described as a superspecies. The Black-tailed Godwit is further split into three subspecies on the basis of morphological differences (L. l. limosa, L. l. islandica and L. l. melanuroides). We studied variation in partial mtDNA control region sequences among Black-tailed and Hudsonian Godwits which showed 5% divergence. Black-tailed and Hudsonian Godwits were thus clearly differentiated and the separate species status for the two taxa is validated. All three subspecies described for the Black-tailed Godwit had unique haplotypes but the genetic distances were small (0.3–0.6%). Despite small genetic differences we could not detect any substantial gene flow between any of the subspecies as haplotypes were private to each subspecies. Thus, genetic variation within Black-tailed Godwits showed a clear geographic structure. We found a high proportion of rare private haplotypes in three fringe populations of the nominate subspecies of the Black-tailed Godwit (L. l. limosa) where godwits breed in low numbers, but no genetic variation at all in a sample from the Netherlands where godwits are abundant. This suggests that Dutch Godwits may have been affected by a founder effect.     

Klasea serratuloides subsp. karamanica subsp. nov. (Asteraceae), from the central and south Anatolia transition zone,Turkey

A new subspecies, Klasea serratuloides (DC.) Greuter & Wagenitz subsp. karamanica B. Dogan & A. Duran (Asteraceae), is described and illustrated from Anatolia, Turkey. The subspecies grows on stony places in the Ayranc? and Ermenek district (C4 Karaman Province), Ere?li district (C5 Konya province) and Uluk??la (C5 Ni?de province) in the central and south Anatolia transition zone. It is morphologically similar to K. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides. Diagnostic morphological characters from closely similar taxa are discussed and arranged in a key. Ecology and conservation status of the subspecies is also presented. In addition, the geographical distribution of the new subspecies and other related species is mapped. The pollen morphology and achene surface of K. serratuloides subsp. karamanica and K. serratuloides subsp. serratuloides were examined by SEM.     

Crocus antalyensis subsp. striatus subsp. nov. (Iridaceae) from southwest Anatolia

A new subspecies Crocus antalyensis subsp. striatus subsp. nov. from western Turkey is described. It is characterized by rough papery, light brown corm tunics, leaves that exceed the flower at anthesis and are recurved, distinctly striped inner perianth segments and deeply branched pale yellow or white style. The karyotype of the new subspecies is presented.     

Genetic divergence of Troglodytes troglodytes islandicus from other subspecies of Eurasian wren in northwestern Europe

The Icelandic subspecies of Eurasian wren Troglodytes troglodytes islandicus has been described as a large wren which is sedentary on the island. It is one member of a large passerine complex which is widely distributed over the Holarctic except the Arctic. The taxonomic affiliation of the subspecies is mainly based on variation in plumage and on the song complexity. This study investigated the genetic differentiation of T. t. islandicus among the Eurasian wren subspecies in northwestern Europe, and especially in relation to its geographically proximate populations in the Faroe Islands, Scotland, southern Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Troglodytes t. islandicus and the Faroese subspecies (T. t. borealis) were genetically differentiated from the other subspecies (T. t. indigenus and T. t. troglodytes) with an estimated time of divergence from this group during the last glacial maximum; 21 thousand years before present (KYBP) [44–8]. A clear but a more recent split was observed between T. t. islandicus and T. t. borealis 12 KYBP [28–4].     

Length–weight relationships of five fish species from Hormozgan coastal waters (northeastern Persian Gulf)

The study presents and describes the first length–weight relationships for five fish species: Lagocephalus inermis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1850); Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton, 1822); Ilisha megaloptera (Swainson, 1839); Pseudosynanceia melanostigma Day, 1875; and Chirocentrus nudus Swainson, 1839) from the coastal waters of Hormozgan in the northeastern Persian Gulf.