On the clinical course and characteristics of mycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in Georgia

The analysis of our clinical-mycological studies shows that at present 90% of foot and hand mycosis in Georgia are caused by the fungusEpidermophyton (Trichophyton) rubrum (E.r). This fungus causes both surface and deeper infections characterized by high clinical polymorphism (75%), by a great number of foci on any area of skin and by generalization of the process (40%). The mycosis may be chronical, acute and sensibilization of the organism may take place (15%). Atypical forms are more often encountered, which simulate different dermatoses: eczema, neurodermitis, Kerion Celsi, Sycosis vulgaris, lupus erythematodes, acne rosacea, Pityriasis rosea Gibert, erythema induratum Basin, lichen ruber planus and others.Peculiarities of the clinical course of foot mycosis caused byE.r. in Georgia, evidently, are connected with its subtropical climate, which creates optimum conditions for the development of more virulent strains, which finding a corresponding soil show the maximum of parasitic activity.     

Molecular epidemiological study of a mass outbreak caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H45.

We made a molecular analysis of O157:H45 Escherichia coli isolated from a mass outbreak that occurred in Obihiro City. Using DNA analysis, we confirmed this infection case as a mass outbreak. Although the isolates expressed O157 antigen, they did not produce Vero toxin. We concluded they were enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) because they had a bfp gene and an EAF plasmid, and further they exhibited local adherence to HEp-2 cells. We believe this is the first report of a mass outbreak by O157 EPEC, and we suggest that PCR using eae- and bfp-specific primers and HEp-2 adherence assay are useful to identify EPEC.     

Comparative characteristics of the epidemiology of intestinal coli infection caused by 2d-category Escherichia and of Sonne dysentery]

The authors present the results of a comparative study of Sonne dysentery and of the intestinal coli infection 0124 and 0151; significant differences in their epidemiology shown were chiefly caused by a different degree of pathogenicity of the causative agents of these diseases. A low degree of escherichia pathogenicity, and, in this connection, dependence of the character of the infection manifestation on the dose of the causative agent indicated food factor of the infection spread to be necessary for the origination of the clinically expressed disease. Epidemiological observations and bacteriological data showed that in diseases of escherichia etiology only those persons who had clinical manifestations of the disease could serve as epidemiologically significant sources of infection. In this connection prophylaxis of the mentioned affection should be primarily based on the intensification of the general sanitary measures.     

Serological and epidemiological characteristics of acute pneumonias caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Belgorod

The etiology of the outbreaks of acute pneumonia in Belgorod was established and their epidemiological features were studied. The mycoplasmal etiology of all cases of acute pneumonia in children and adults, appearing alongside acute respiratory infections resulting from the preceding outbreaks caused by influenza viruses A/Prague/, B/Leningrad/369/75, and all types of parainfluenza viruses, was shown. The droplet mechanism of the transfer of infection was established, which was confirmed by the severity of the outbreak and a high rate of infection of the medical staff at hospitals for children and adults, where patients with mycoplasma-induced pneumonia were treated.     

Chemotherapy of newborns with intestinal infections caused by opportunistic gram-negative aerobic bacteria]

A clinical bacteriological examination was applied to 100 newborns with intestinal infections caused by opportunistic gram-negative aerobes. There was a correlation between the decrease in the quantity of the bifidobacteria and the predominance of various species of opportunistic gram-negative aerobes and their associations, as well as high sensitivity of clinical isolates of the opportunistic bacteria to phosphocin, gentamicin, polymyxin and specific bacteriophages. The study showed that the combined use of antibiotics with the biopreparations (the specific bacteriophages and bifidumbacterin) was effective in treating the newborns with the above mentioned infections.     

Etiological structure of acute intestinal infections caused by opportunistic bacteria in young children

Altogether 587 children with diagnosed acute enteric infections were examined. In 26.4% of them pathogenic enterobacteria were detected, and in 59%, opportunistic enterobacteria. In 38.2% of children these bacteria were found to be the etiological factor of the disease. A reverse relationship between the contamination of feces with pathogenic enterobacteria and the age of children was established.     

The characteristics of the initial link in the intestinal lesion by opportunistic Proteus mirabilis bacteria]

Interaction of Proteus mirabilis with the intestine epithelium in white mongrel mice has been studied by means of bacteriological, toxicological and electron microscopic methods. Introduction of the agar culture of bacteria to the intestine lumen has permitted finding its general toxic action on enterocytes and other cell elements of epithelium which was accompanied by a potentiation of the striated margin membrane degradation but caused no destruction of cells. A damaging factor of protei was connected with the thermostable large-molecular fraction of cultural fluid of bacteria and its action was traced at the first hours of the bacterial contact with the mucous surface of thin intestine. Preliminary weakening of protective barriers of the intestine mucosa permitted protei to penetrate deep into the tissue through the intercellular slots. Colonization of the intestine lumen wall zone by the proteus is a necessary condition of the above-mentioned changes.     

Quantitative microbiological and clinical characteristics of diseases caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

For the first time the quantitative microbiological characteristics of diarrheas caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), serovars O15: H?, O34: H10, O78: H? O148: H? and O148: H28, in 5 patients are presented. The multiplication of ETEC in the patients' body has provided clinical material permitting the authors to reveal, for the first time, the capacity of ETEC for the colonization of the intestine and to judge of their etiological role in the diseases. A close relationship between the clinical manifestations of the disease and the number of ETEC per g of feces in its dynamics has been established. These data indicate that patients may be regarded as the possible sources of infection.     

厌氧处理低浓度污水颗粒污泥的形成和生物特性研究

用UASB反应器在室温条件下处理模拟低浓度污水,研究了颗粒污泥的形成过程和特性。UASB反应器进水浓度为100～200mgCOD／L,水温为25℃～9℃,60天内形成了成熟的颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥中以丝状菌为主,存在少量球状菌。