Effect of various types of vagotomy on gastric secretion of histamine in dogs]

The chronic experiments on dogs with fundal fistulas have revealed that the partial stomach denervation (selective proximal, selective distal and subcardial vagotomies) decreases the gastric secretory responses caused by submaximal and maximal doses of histamine. Selective and extragastral vagotomies do not change the histamine gastric secretion in dogs, stimulated by the maximal histamine dose.     

Effect of adrenalectomy on the gastric juice secretion evoked by food or histamine in dogs

Comparison was made of the effect of total adrenalectomy on the gastric secretion in chronic experiments on dogs with the Pavlov's stomach and Basov's fistula. A decrease of the maximal secretion level of gastric juice was associated with the alteration of the organ hemodynamics. A tendency to reduction of the acid production in the stomach was revealed. Essential differences were noted in the character of proteolytic enzymes secretion with different agents stimulating the secretion. Specific nature of the gastric secretory system for each stimulant, and different effects of adrenalectomy on the secretion induced by these stimulants was shown.     

第三脑室注射组胺及其受体激动剂对五肽促胃液素诱导...

The present study shows the dual effects of intraventricularly injected histamine (0.25-2.0 micrograms/5 microliters) on pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-300 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal sodium pentobarbital. Gastric acid was continuously washed out with 37 degrees C saline solution by means of a perfusion pump. On the background of continuous intravenous infusion of pentagastrin [7.5 micrograms/(kg.h),] histamine (0.25 microgram/5 microliters) or 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA, 10 micrograms/5 microliters), a H1-receptor agonist, was injected into the third ventricle through a chronically implanted canula. The acid output decreased 10 min after injection and did not recover at 90 min. When the dose of histamine was increased to 1.0 micrograms or 2.0 micrograms, dual effects appeared. The acid output decreased respectively in 73% or 50% of the animals, while in the rest 27% and 50% of the animals, the acid output increased. H2-receptor agonist dimaprit (10 micrograms/5 microliters, i.c.v.) or impromidine (0.1 micrograms/5 microliters, i.c.v.) had no pronounced effect on pentagastrin-induced acid secretion. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine (16 micrograms/0.2 ml or 32 micrograms/0.2 ml, i.m.) abolished the inhibitory effect of histamine and PEA on acid secretion. These results suggest that histamine may be involved in the central regulation of gastric acid secretion, and the inhibitory effect may be mediated by H1-receptors in the brain. The mechanism underlying the production of the dual effects of histamine is unknown.     

Systemic effect of chitin after intravenous administration to dogs

The systemic effect of chitin and chitin oligomer after intravenous administration was investigated in dogs by determining the chemiluminescence (CL) response and the white blood cell count (WBC). Chitin oligomer (2mg/kg) and physiological saline (5ml) did not have a systemic effect. However, in the dogs injected with chitin, WBC decreased significantly from 1 to 4 h after injection and then increased gradually to 1.4 times the pre-injection level at 72 h, while CL was significantly increased 1–2 h after injection.     

Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin after its regional endolymphatic and lymphotropic administration to dogs

It was shown that intralymphatic+ inguinal administration of gentamicin provided its high concentrations in central lymph, blood and ++para-aortic lymph nodes and increased the antibiotic levels in the abdominal organs 2.33 to 6.66 times as compared with its intramuscular administration while lymphotropic retroperitoneal administration of gentamicin provided more prolonged maintenance of the antibiotic therapeutic concentrations in lymph of the thoracic lymphatic duct, central blood, ++para-aortic lymph nodes and the abdominal organs in comparison to its intramuscular administration. Intralymphatic+ inguinal administration of drugs providing the highest concentrations in all the organs of the abdominal cavity and the ways of the infection penetration is useful in therapy of severe inflammatory diseases of the abdominal organs inclined to generalization and lymphotropic retroperitoneal administration of drugs is useful in therapy of less severe purulent inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity.