共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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用于环境监测的生物传感器 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
生物传感器是一项综合了多门学科的高新技术,具有特异性好、灵敏度高、分析速度快、能在复杂体系中在线连续监测等特点,被广泛用于生命科学、医学检验、食品安全及环境监测等多个领域。其中,在环境检测中的应用尤为令人瞩目。该文概括了生物传感器的原理、发展以及分类。并以各类生物学识别元件为依据将生物传感器分为酶传感器、微生物传感器、组织器官传感器、细胞器传感器、免疫传感器、DNA传感器等几种基本类型,分别回顾了各类生物传感器在环境监测中的应用情况,并对其应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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生物传感器在微生物检测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物传感器的产生在医药卫生,食品检验和环境监测等领域引起了一场革命,其简单,快速和准确的特点超越了以往诸多分析手段。本文介绍了生物传感器概念,介绍了生物传感器在微生物检测中的应用。 相似文献
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环境监测是环境保护工作中最为重要的基础性和前沿性工作,任何环境决策都离不开环境监测基础数据的支持,而计算机技术的快速发展则为环境监测工作注入了新的活力,以其独特的优势在环境监测工作中发挥其良好的技术平台作用,具有很好的发展前景。本文通过介绍计算机技术在环境监测信息管理中的应用现状,分析计算机信息技术在环境监测工作应用,有效的发挥其技术平台作用,使环境监测工作能够满足环境管理工作对环境监测日益提高的要求。 相似文献
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生物传感器是一种对生物物质的敏感,并且将其浓度转换成电信号进行检测的仪器。生物传感器是一种由固定化的生物敏感材料作为识别酶、抗原和微生物等生物活性物质,并且能够和适当的理化换能器和信号放大设备构成的分析的系统或者是工具,具有接收器和转换器的功能。目前生物传感器在食品工业、环境监测和发酵工业以及医学等领域都有所应用,并且随着生物科学等成果的发展,已经有了飞速的发展。本文将对生物传感器的发展现状进行分析,并且简述其在各个领域的应用情况。 相似文献
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Humic substances change during the co-composting process of municipal solid wastes and sewage sludge
Olfa Fourti Naceur Jedidi Abdennaceur Hassen 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(12):2117-2122
The change of the degree of stability of compost during the composting process was a kind of guideline for our study. This
stability was estimated by monitoring the chemical fractionation (extraction of humic and fulvic acids, and humin) during
two cycles of composting. Change of humin (H), humic-like acid carbon (CHA) and fulvic-like acid carbon (CFA) fractions during
the composting process of municipal solid wastes were investigated using two windrows W1 (100% of municipal solid wastes)
and W2 (60% of municipal solid wastes and 40% of dried sewage sludge). Humin and fulvic acid fractions in the two windrows
decreased since the start of composting process and tend to stabilize. At the end of composting process, humic acid fraction
is more important in the windrow without sludge (W1) than the one with sludge (W2). The humification indexes used in this
study showed that the humic-like acid carbon fraction production takes place largely during the phase of temperature increase
(thermophilic phase), and it appeared very active in the windrow W2. At the end of composting process, the E4/E6 ratio value indicated that the compost of W1 is more mature than the compost of W2. The humification ratio (HR) allowed a
correct estimation of compost organic matter stabilization level. 相似文献
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This paper describes a conceptual framework and methodological tool developed for the evaluation of different anaerobic digestion technologies suitable for treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, by introducing the multi-criteria decision support method Electre III and demonstrating its related applicability via a test application. Several anaerobic digestion technologies have been proposed over the last years; when compared to biogas recovery from landfills, their advantage is the stability in biogas production and the stabilization of waste prior to final disposal. Anaerobic digestion technologies also show great adaptability to a broad spectrum of different input material beside the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (e.g. agricultural and animal wastes, sewage sludge) and can also be used in remote and isolated communities, either stand-alone or in conjunction to other renewable energy sources. Main driver for this work was the preliminary screening of such methods for potential application in Hellenic islands in the municipal solid waste management sector. Anaerobic digestion technologies follow different approaches to the anaerobic digestion process and also can include production of compost. In the presented multi-criteria analysis exercise, Electre III is implemented for comparing and ranking 5 selected alternative anaerobic digestion technologies. The results of a performed sensitivity analysis are then discussed. In conclusion, the performed multi-criteria approach was found to be a practical and feasible method for the integrated assessment and ranking of anaerobic digestion technologies by also considering different viewpoints and other uncertainties of the decision-making process. 相似文献
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Michaela Čadková Radovan Metelka Lucie Holubová Daniel Horák Veronika Dvořáková Zuzana Bílková Lucie Korecká 《Analytical biochemistry》2015
Screen-printed platinum electrodes as transducer and magnetic beads as solid phase were combined to develop a particle-based electrochemical immunosensor for monitoring the serious food allergen ovalbumin. The standard arrangement of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay became the basis for designing the immunosensor. A sandwich-type immunocomplex was formed between magnetic particles functionalized with specific anti-ovalbumin immunoglobulin G and captured ovalbumin molecules, and secondary anti-ovalbumin antibodies conjugated with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase were subsequently added as label tag. The electrochemical signal proportional to the enzymatic reaction of horseradish peroxidase during the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with thionine as electron mediator was measured by linear sweep voltammetry. The newly established method of ovalbumin detection exhibits high sensitivity suitable for quantification in the range of 11 to 222 nM and a detection limit of 5 nM. Magnetic beads-based assay format using external magnets for rapid and simple separation has been proven to be an excellent basis for electrochemical detection and quantification of food allergens in highly complex sample matrices. 相似文献
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Kurosawa S Park JW Aizawa H Wakida S Tao H Ishihara K 《Biosensors & bioelectronics》2006,22(4):473-481
This paper presents discussion of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) immunosensors for environmental monitoring. Factors limiting the practical application of antibodies to analytical problems are also presented. Among several candidates for the QCM immunosensor device, selected QCM devices and oscillating circuits were tested thoroughly and developed to obtain highly stable and sensitive frequency signals. The biointerface of QCM immunosensor was designed and controlled to immobilize antibody on the QCM surface, to reduce non-specific binding and to suppress denaturation of immobilizing antibody by self-assembled monolayer technique and artificial phospholipid (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)) polymer. MPC polymer as a antibody-stabilizing reagent was added to reduce non-specific binding of the antigen solution and stabilize the immunologic activity of the antibody-immobilized QCM. In addition, it provides examples for detection and quantitation of environmental samples using QCM immunosensors. The analytical results for fly ash extracted samples of dioxins using the QCM immunosensor indicated a good relationship with GC/MS methods. The integrating protocols of the competitive immunoassay and signal-enhancing step are for detecting low molecular analytes with extremely low detection limits using an QCM immunosensor. Furthermore, its detect limitation was extended from 0.1 to 0.01 ng/ml by the signal-enhancing step when the anti-bisphenol-A antibody conjugated MPC polymeric nanoparticles was used. The QCM immunosensor method has demonstrated its effectiveness as an alternative screening method for environmental monitoring because these results were compared with results obtained through environmental monitoring methods such as ELISA and GC/MS. 相似文献
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Summary The municipal solid waste of Rome, processed by the Dano plant, has been studied in the stabilization phase. During the different composting stages the following were determined: pile temperature, pH, moisture content, microbiological counts on compost extract and on other media, and mycological investigations. Twenty four days in January were necessary for the compost stabilization. 相似文献
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A sequential extraction procedure was employed to determine the soil fractions, and assess plant availability of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in a Glynwood silt loam amended with five rates (0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 metric tons/ha) of composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) or composted sewage sludge (CSS) cropped to oats (Avena sativa). The application of the composts tended to shift the solid phase forms of the metals away from those extractable with HNO3 to those extractable with NaOH and EDTA. The more labile fractions (KNO3 and H2O extracts) of the metals typically decreased with application of CMSW and CSS. Crop dry matter increased at the 30 and 60 MT/ha CMSW rates by 142 and 152%, respectively, after which yields declined to below control values. Yields at all rates of CSS declined. The CMSW and CSS had an insignificant effect on concentrations of Cr and Pb in oat tissue, but tissue levels of Cu, Ni and Zn increased with increased rate of compost application. 相似文献
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Compost extract or “compost tea” is a liquid extract of compost obtained by mixing compost and water for a defined period
of time. Compost tea contains nutrients and a range of different organisms and is applied to the soil or directly to plants
with the principal aim of suppressing certain plant diseases. In addition, the application of compost tea supplies nutrients
and organic matter to the soil. Thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are two widely applied
analytical techniques for establishing the stability of compost, and although numerous studies have evaluated the capacity
of compost tea to suppress plant diseases, there are no studies employing these techniques to characterize compost-tea. For
the present study, 12 compost extracts were produced under varying conditions in a purpose-built reactor. Two different composts,
an stable compost produced from manure and an unstable compost produced from municipal solid waste, respectively, two aeration
systems (aerated and non-aerated extracts) and three temperatures (10, 20 and 30°C) were used in these experiments. The extracts
were freeze-dried and subsequently analysed, together with the two composts, by means of FTIR and thermal analysis. Extracts
produced from high stability compost, independently of the conditions of aeration and temperature, showed very similar results.
In contrast, differences among extracts produced from the unstable compost were more noticeable. However, the different conditions
of aeration and temperature during the production of the extracts only explained partially these differences, since the transformations
undergone by compost over the 3 months that the experiments lasted were also reflected in the composition of the extracts.
In spite of everything, extraction process favoured the degradation of easily oxidizable organic matter, which was more abundant
in unstable compost. This degradation was more intense for non-aerated processes, probably due to the longer duration of these
(10 days) with respect to aerated extractions (2 days). The effect of temperature was not clear in these experiments, although
high temperatures could increase micro organism activity and consequently favour the degradation of easily oxidizable organic
matter. 相似文献