共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Analysis of dose-response relationship was carried out for chromosome aberrations produced in human peripheral lymphocytes by fission neutrons at doses of 25, 50, 100 or 200 rad.Statistical treatment showed experimental data to be fitted by a regression curve described by the mathematical model Y = a+bD. A linear relation to dose characterized both one-break and two-break aberration yields. Numerical values of coefficients are reported for yields of dicentrics, chromosome fragments, minutes, aberrant cells, total number of aberrations, and total breakage.Based on chromosome fragments and aberrant cells, relative biological efficiency (RBE) value derived for fission neutrons relative to 180 kV X-rays for chromosome fragments was 2.53, and for aberrant cells it was 2.80. 相似文献
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H. Berchtold 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》1979,21(7):649-655
A slight modification of the MANN -WHITNEY test is introduced here. When the underlying distribution is normal the ARE of the modified test with respect to t-test is 99.22% (MANN -WHITNEY test: 95.45%). The lower bound of the ARE of the modified test is 92.50% for all distributions with a continuous density function and a finite variance (MANN -WHITNEY test: 86.4%). 相似文献
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在谷胱甘肽的发酵过程建模中, 当试验数据含有噪音时, 往往会导致模型预测精度和泛化能力的下降。针对该问题, 提出了一种新的基于熵准则的RBF神经网络建模方法。与传统的基于MSE准则函数的建模方法相比, 新方法能从训练样本的整体分布结构来进行模型参数学习, 有效地避免了传统的基于MSE准则的RBF网络的过学习和泛化能力差的缺陷。将该模型应用到实际的谷胱甘肽发酵过程建模中, 实验结果表明: 该方法具有较高的预测精度、泛化能力和良好的鲁棒性, 从而对谷胱甘肽的发酵建模有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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在谷胱甘肽的发酵过程建模中, 当试验数据含有噪音时, 往往会导致模型预测精度和泛化能力的下降。针对该问题, 提出了一种新的基于熵准则的RBF神经网络建模方法。与传统的基于MSE准则函数的建模方法相比, 新方法能从训练样本的整体分布结构来进行模型参数学习, 有效地避免了传统的基于MSE准则的RBF网络的过学习和泛化能力差的缺陷。将该模型应用到实际的谷胱甘肽发酵过程建模中, 实验结果表明: 该方法具有较高的预测精度、泛化能力和良好的鲁棒性, 从而对谷胱甘肽的发酵建模有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
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Suppose we are interested in the effect of a treatment in a clinical trial. The efficiency of inference may be limited due to small sample size. However, external control data are often available from historical studies. Motivated by an application to Helicobacter pylori infection, we show how to borrow strength from such data to improve efficiency of inference in the clinical trial. Under an exchangeability assumption about the potential outcome mean, we show that the semiparametric efficiency bound for estimating the average treatment effect can be reduced by incorporating both the clinical trial data and external controls. We then derive a doubly robust and locally efficient estimator. The improvement in efficiency is prominent especially when the external control data set has a large sample size and small variability. Our method allows for a relaxed overlap assumption, and we illustrate with the case where the clinical trial only contains a treated group. We also develop doubly robust and locally efficient approaches that extrapolate the causal effect in the clinical trial to the external population and the overall population. Our results also offer a meaningful implication for trial design and data collection. We evaluate the finite-sample performance of the proposed estimators via simulation. In the Helicobacter pylori infection application, our approach shows that the combination treatment has potential efficacy advantages over the triple therapy. 相似文献
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The selection of a single method of analysis is problematic when the data could have been generated by one of several possible models. We examine the properties of two tests designed to have high power over a range of models. The first one, the maximum efficiency robust test (MERT), uses the linear combination of the optimal statistics for each model that maximizes the minimum efficiency. The second procedure, called the MX, uses the maximum of the optimal statistics. Both approaches yield efficiency robust procedures for survival analysis and ordinal categorical data. Guidelines for choosing between them are provided. 相似文献
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Heinz J. Ahrens Jesús E. Snchez H. Ahrens J. Snchez 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》1992,34(5):539-555
A measure of imbalance has been defined for the one-way classification (Model II) in order to quantify the degree of imbalance. Using the ANOVA and MINQUE procedures we consider the variances and relative efficiencies of the estimators of σ2a as functions of the measure of imbalance. We propose a method for generating all the designs which are possible from a given number of observations and a given number of groups. Numerical results for special types of designs show the influence of imbalance on the variance and relative efficiency of an estimator for σza. 相似文献
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I. Hussain M. Arslan Ashraf F. Anwar R. Rasheed M. Niaz A. Wahid 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(5):1016-1026
The inherent differences for salt tolerance in two maize cultivars (Agatti-2002 and Sahiwal-2002) were evaluated in pot experiments. Plants were grown in half-strength of Hoagland nutrient solution added with 0, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 mM of NaCl. Salt stress markedly reduced the shoot and root lengths and fresh and dry masses. Reduction in growth attributes was more pronounced in cv. Agatti-2002 than cv. Sahiwal-2002. Both maize cultivars exhibited significant perturbations in important biochemical attributes being employed for screening the crops for salt tolerance. Cultivar Sahiwal-2002 was found salt tolerant as compared to cv. Agatti-2002 because it exhibited lower levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, cultivar Sahiwal-2002 exhibited less salt-induced degradation of photosynthetic pigments, lower levels of toxic Na+ and Cl? and higher endogenous levels of K+ and K+/Na+ ratio. The results indicate that salt stress induced a marked increase in MDA, H2O2, relative membrane permeability, total soluble proteins and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase andascorbate peroxidase). Moreover, increase in endogenous levels of Na+ and Cl? and decrease in K+ and K+/Na+ ratio and photosynthetic pigments were recorded in plants grown under salinity regimes. 相似文献
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J. C. W. Rayner K. G. Dodds D. J. Best 《Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift》1986,28(2):159-170
Many statistical procedures assume a continuous model in spite of the fact that observations are necessarily discrete. Here we consider a simple ANOVA model—one factor with fixed effects—and assess the effect of categorisation by simulating sizes and calculating asymptotic relative efficiencies. Even for severe categorisation the effects are small. 相似文献
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Complementary features of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs) can be used jointly to estimate the average treatment effect of a target population. We propose a calibration weighting estimator that enforces the covariate balance between the RCT and OS, therefore improving the trial-based estimator's generalizability. Exploiting semiparametric efficiency theory, we propose a doubly robust augmented calibration weighting estimator that achieves the efficiency bound derived under the identification assumptions. A nonparametric sieve method is provided as an alternative to the parametric approach, which enables the robust approximation of the nuisance functions and data-adaptive selection of outcome predictors for calibration. We establish asymptotic results and confirm the finite sample performances of the proposed estimators by simulation experiments and an application on the estimation of the treatment effect of adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage non-small-cell lung patients after surgery. 相似文献
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In this article, we estimate heritability or intraclass correlation in a mixed linear model having two sources of variation. In most applications, the commonly used restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimator can only be obtained via an iterative approach. In some cases, the algorithm used to compute REML estimates may be slow or may even fail to converge. We develop a set of closed-form approximations to the REML estimator, and the performance of these estimators is compared with that of the REML estimator. We provide guidelines regarding how to choose the estimator that best approximates the REML estimator. Examples presented in the article suggest that the closed-form estimators compete with and, in some cases, outperform the REML estimator. 相似文献
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The relative efficiency of a reduced index (IR) relative to a full index (IF) was compared in an experiment with Tribolium. The selection objective included pupal length, adult weight, and egg mass. The reduced index was based on pupal length and adult weight, whereas the full index was based on these traits and also on egg mass. There were five generations of selection with four replicates, and a selected proportion of 20%. For each replicate, an unselected control was produced. Responses were significant in the IF and IR lines. Responses for the selection objective differed significantly between lines (p < 0.01). The efficiency of the IR line relative to the IF line was 0.52, similar to the expected efficiency of 0.51. The IF and IR lines did not differ significantly for pupal length nor adult weight, whereas the response for egg mass in the IF line was significantly different from the response in the IR line. Realized heritability was greater in the IF line (0.63 ± 0.05) than in the IR line (0.37 ± 0.16). The deleted trait (egg mass) has high heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations nearly equal to zero with the other two traits included in the selection criterion. The results show the importance of including index traits with high genetic value that are independent of other traits, and they could be useful in breeding programs simultaneously considering production and reproduction traits with nearly zero correlations between them. 相似文献