Do physicians have an ethical obligation to care for patients with AIDS?

This paper responds to the question: Do physicians have an ethical obligation to care for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)? First, the social and political milieu in which this question arises is sampled. Here physicians as well as other members of the community are found declaring an unwillingness to be exposed to people with AIDS. Next, laws, regulations, ethical codes and principles, and the history of the practice of medicine are examined, and the literature as it pertains to these areas is reviewed. The obligation to care for patients with AIDS, however, cannot be located in an orientation to morality defined in rules and codes and an appeal to legalistic fairness. By turning to the orientation to morality that emerges naturally from connection and is defined in caring, the physicians'' ethical obligation to care for patients with AIDS is found. Through an exploration of the writings of modern medical ethicists, it is clear that the purpose of the practice of medicine is healing, which can only be accomplished in relationship to the patient. It is in relationship to patients that the physician has the opportunity for self-realization. In fact, the physician is physician in relationship to patients and only to the extent that he or she acts virtuously by being morally responsible for and to those patients. Not to do so diminishes the physician''s ethical ideal, a vision of the physician as good physician, which has consequences for the physician''s capacity to care and for the practice of medicine.     

Do organisms have an ontological status?

The category "organism" has an ambiguous status: is it scientific or is it philosophical? Or, if one looks at it from within the relatively recent field or sub-field of philosophy of biology, is it a central, or at least legitimate category therein, or should it be dispensed with? In any case, it has long served as a kind of scientific bolstering for a philosophical train of argument which seeks to refute the mechanistic or reductionist trend, which has been perceived as dominant since the 17th century, whether in the case of Stahlian animism, Leibnizian monadology, the neo-vitalism of Hans Driesch, or, lastly, of the "phenomenology of organic life" in the 20th century, with authors such as Kurt Goldstein, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Georges Canguilhem. In this paper I try to reconstruct some of the main interpretive stages or layers of the concept of organism in order to evaluate it critically. How might organism be a useful concept if one rules out the excesses of organismic biology and metaphysics? Varieties of instrumentalism and what I call the projective concept of organism are appealing, but perhaps ultimately unsatisfying.     

Do mitochondria have an immune system?

The question if mitochondria have some kind of immune system is not trivial. The basis for raising this question is the fact that bacteria, which are progenitors of mitochondria, do have an immune system. The CRISPR system in bacteria based on the principle of RNA interference serves as an organized mechanism for destroying alien nucleic acids, primarily those of viral origin. We have shown that mitochondria are also a target for viral attacks, probably due to a related organization of genomes in these organelles and bacteria. Bioinformatic analysis performed in this study has not given a clear answer if there is a CRISPR-like immune system in mitochondria. However, this does not preclude the possibility of mitochondrial immunity that can be difficult to decipher or that is based on some principles other than those of CRISPR.     

Do bushmeat consumers have other fish to fry?

The overexploitation of tropical forests for bushmeat and of the oceans for fish are two of the most important threats to global biodiversity. Both phenomena also have manifold implications for human livelihoods and food security. A recent article by Brashares et al. indicates that these two resources are linked: when regional fish supplies are low, local bushmeat hunting intensifies. Although coordinated management of bushmeat and fisheries is thus needed, gaps in our knowledge of these systems must first be filled.     

Do you have to be tall and educated to be a migrant? Evidence from Spanish recruitment records, 1890–1950

We use Spanish military records stemming from the late-19th to the mid-20th century to assess internal migrants’ self-selection. We find that migrants were, on average over the whole period, around one centimeter taller than non-migrants, and in the booming 1920s, the height advantage of movers reached three centimeters. The positive self-selection was larger for migrants originating in poorer provinces and traveling longer distances. A further finding is that migrants were positively selected in terms of literacy and socio-economic status according to their occupation. Professionals were most likely to have migrated internally and farmers least.     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

正JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

<正>JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for orinal research with a high degree of novelty.representing a breakthrough     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

<正>JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.Format requirements:1.All LTEs shall have a brief and clear title with no more than 80 characters(including spaces).     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

<正>JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.Format requirements:1.All LTEs shall have a brief and clear title with no more than 80 characters(including spaces).     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication? Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

正JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

<正>JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

<正>JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.Format requirements:     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

<正>JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

<正>JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.Format requirements:     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

正JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.Format requirements:     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

正JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.Format requirements:1.All LTEs shall have a brief and clear title with no more than 80 characters(including spaces).2.All LTEs shall start with a brief summary,with no more than 100 words,followed by a     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

正JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.Format requirements:1.All LTEs shall have a brief and clear title with no more than 80 characters(including spaces).2.All LTEs shall start with a brief summary,with no more than 100 words,followed by a brief paragraph to provide the rationale of the work,results(including essential materials     

Do you have an important discovery ready for rapid publication?Submit to JIPB's 'Letter to the Editor'

<正>JIPB has launched a new publication category:Letter to the Editor(LTE).These rapid communications are short articles for original research with a high degree of novelty,representing a breakthrough in understanding important biological processes that will be of interest to a wide plant science audience.