Effects of the emergent macrophyte Juncus effusus L. on the chemical composition of interstitial water and bacterial productivity

Release of oxygen from the roots ofaquatic macrophytes into anaerobic sediments canaffect the quantity of interstitial dissolved organicmatter and nutrients that are available to bacteria. Nutrient and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)concentrations were compared between subsurface(interstitial) waters of unvegetated sediments andsediments among stands of the emergent herbaceousmacrophyte Juncus effusus L. in a lotic wetlandecosystem. Concentrations of inorganic nitrogen(NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ^-, and NO₂ ^-)were greater from sediments of the unvegetatedcompared to the vegetated zone. DOC concentrations ofinterstitial waters were greater in sediments of theunvegetated zone both in the winter and springcompared to those from the vegetated zone. AlthoughDOC concentrations in hydrosoils collected from bothzones increased from winter to spring, bacterialproductivity per mg DOC in spring decreased comparedto winter. Greater initial bacterial productivityoccurred on DOM collected from the vegetated comparedto the unvegetated zone in winter samples (days 1 and4), with increased bacterial productivity on samplescollected from the unvegetated zone at the end of thestudy (day 20). Bacterial productivity wassignificantly greater on all sampling days on DOM fromvegetated samples compared to unvegetated samples. In nutrient enrichment experiments, bacterialproductivity was significantly increased (p < 0.05)with phosphorus but not nitrogen only amendments.     

丘岗稻田地下水位动态及对土壤氮磷有效性的影响

对红壤丘岗区渍潜田地下水位动态变化规律及对土壤氮磷有效性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,渍潜田地下水位的月变化具有十分明显的规律性,一般以秋冬季节（1－3月份和9－12月份）地下水位最低,而以春夏季节（4－8月份）地下水位最高,故以早稻受渍害最为严重,其原因主要是受降雨和灌溉的共同影响。根据渍潜田地下水位的变化特点不同,可将其分为地下水位和相对稳定型和非稳定型两种类型,并提出了相应的水分管理模式,地下水位的变化能明显影响土壤养分的有效性,随着地下水位的升高,土壤有效氮和磷含量下降。渍潜田土Fe-P和O－P含量也有随地下水位的升高而呈下降的趋势,其含量亦显著低于非渍潜田土壤,因而导致了土壤磷素有效性的下降。     

Effects of Organic Resource Quality on Soil Profile N Dynamics and Maize Yields on Sandy Soils in Zimbabwe

Optimising the use efficiency of nitrogen (N) derived from different quality organic resources and mineral fertilizers on sandy soils with <100 g clay kg⁻¹ is a major challenge for smallholder farmers in Southern Africa. The dominant sandy soils have a poor capacity to store and supply crop nutrients due to low organic matter contents and inherent infertility. A study was conducted in Zimbabwe to determine the differential N supply effects of different quality and quantities of organic nutrient sources on maize productivity. Crotalaria juncea L., Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn., cattle manure, maize (Zea mays L.) stover and Pinus patula Schiede & Schltdl. & Cham. sawdust which represented high to low quality materials respectively, were each incorporated into soil at 1.2 and 4 t C ha⁻¹ at Makoholi Experiment Station (rainfall: 450–650 mm yr⁻¹) and tested against a sole mineral N fertilizer and control treatments. In a separate experiment conducted in farmers’ fields under different rainfall zones of Zimuto (450–650 mm yr⁻¹), Chinyika (650–750 mm yr⁻¹) and Chikwaka (>750 mm yr⁻¹), commonly available organic materials, including manure and composted miombo leaf litter, applied in varying amounts by farmers were evaluated. Nitrogen release patterns were consistent with differences in resource quality. At 3 weeks after incorporation into soil at the onset of the rains, C. juncea and C. calothyrsus had released as high as 24% and 13% of added N respectively, compared with no more than 5–6% for the rest of the amended treatments. Most of the N released was lost through leaching as evidenced by progressive movement of NO₃⁻-N bulges beyond maize rooting depth following major rainfall events. Maize yields were significantly related to the size of profile mineral N fluxes, with the best linear relationship (R² = 0.86) obtained with N available in the top 30 cm of soil at maize flowering. High grain yields of ~3 t ha⁻¹ were only achieved with C. juncea applied at 4 t C ha⁻¹, which also had highest NO₃⁻-N leaching losses. Conversely, the same application rate increased N immobilization by 30% and 42% under maize stover and sawdust, respectively, relative to the control. Results from farmers’ fields showed that organic resources traditionally used on smallholder farms are invariably of low quality relative to C. juncea and C. calothyrsus. However, they exhibited shorter N immobilization effects than was shown for maize stover and sawdust at Makoholi, suggesting that pre-application treatments, such as composting, employed by farmers enhance seasonal N benefits from these materials. Maize yields increased linearly with total N added in these resources in combination with N fertilizer, justifying the high organic matter loading strategy (e.g. >20 t ha⁻¹ for manure, fresh litter and composted litter) used by farmers who often achieve high crop yields on such coarse sandy soils in Zimbabwe.     

降水变化对科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮矿化和淋溶的影响

为研究降水量减少对沙地森林土壤氮循环过程的影响,以科尔沁沙地15年生樟子松人工林为研究对象,野外模拟不同降水量（自然降水、减少30%和50%）对沙地樟子松人工林土壤无机氮（SIN）含量、氮矿化速率和淋溶动态的影响。研究结果发现,沙地樟子松人工林SIN主要以硝态氮形态存在,模拟降水减少降低土壤硝态氮含量（P<0.05）和硝态氮/SIN值（P<0.001）,而增加土壤铵态氮含量（P<0.05）。与自然降水相比,降水减少降低土壤净硝化速率和净矿化速率（P=0.002）,但不同降雨处理的土壤净氨化速率差异不显著（P=0.86）。科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤以硝态氮淋溶为主,不同降雨处理土壤硝态氮淋溶量差异不显著（P=0.09）,但模拟降水减少降低土壤铵态氮淋溶（P=0.04）。此外,沙地樟子松人工林SIN含量、净氮矿化速率和淋溶量具有明显月动态特征,与降雨月动态规律基本一致。降水处理和采样时间对SIN含量和净氮矿化速率具有显著交互作用,但土壤氮淋溶量的交互作用不显著。可见,降水变化能够显著影响科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮有效性、氮矿化速率和淋溶等过程,未来干旱加剧可能降低科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤氮的可利用性。     

Legacy Effects of Oil Road Reclamation on Soil Biology and Plant Community Composition

Following the unprecedented oil drilling presently occurring in western North Dakota, thousands of kilometers of oil roads must be reclaimed to an acceptable post‐extraction condition. This study assessed the soil biological and plant communities of nine decommissioned oil roads reclaimed during three periods between 1983 and 2002 in the Little Missouri National Grasslands of western North Dakota. We hypothesized that time‐since‐reclamation would positively affect soil biological and plant communities and, consequently, success of reclamation at older sites. To assess this hypothesis, we measured soil enzyme activity, soil microbial community composition, plant community composition, and soil physical and chemical properties along a gradient extending from road‐center to adjacent native prairie for the nine roads. Time‐since‐reclamation did not affect soil and plant properties measured, indicating that older reclamations are not more similar to native prairie than reclamations occurring more recently. A strong gradient between samples from road‐center and native prairie was identified with univariate and ordination analyses, indicating that soil and plant communities of reclaimed oil roads do not resemble those of the surrounding prairie. Soil organic matter (SOM) was identified as the most significantly affected soil property, being 30% lower on reclaimed roads than prairie. The relationship between SOM, microbial community, and plant community suggests that incorporating additional SOM could hasten reclamation as a result of improving the physical environment for plants and providing a labile carbon and energy source for the soil microbial community which, in turn, will enhance the nutrient and physical conditions for plant growth.     

Slash Pile Burning Effects on Soil Biotic and Chemical Properties and Plant Establishment: Recommendations for Amelioration

Ponderosa pine forest restoration consists of thinning trees and reintroducing prescribed fire to reduce unnaturally high tree densities and fuel loads to restore ecosystem structure and function. A current issue in ponderosa pine restoration is what to do with the large quantity of slash that is created from thinning dense forest stands. Slash piling burning is currently the preferred method of slash removal because it allows land managers to burn large quantities of slash in a more controlled environment in comparison with broadcast burning slash. However burning slash piles is known to have adverse effects such as soil sterilization and exotic species establishment. This study investigated the effects of slash pile burning on soil biotic and chemical variables and early herbaceous succession on burned slash pile areas. Slash piles were created following tree thinning in two adjacent approximately 20‐ha ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) restoration treatments in the Coconino National Forest near Flagstaff, Arizona. We selected 30 burned slash pile areas and sampled across a gradient of the burned piles for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) propagule densities, the soil seed bank, and soil chemical properties. In addition, we established five 1‐m² plots in each burned pile to quantify the effect of living soil (AM inoculum) and seeding amendments on early herbaceous succession in burned slash pile areas. The five treatments consisted of a control (no treatment), living soil (AM inoculum) amendment, sterilized soil (no AM inoculum) amendment, seed amendment, and a seed/soil (AM inoculum) amendment. Slash pile burning nearly eliminated populations of viable seeds and AM propagules and altered soil chemical properties. Amending scars with native seeds increased the cover of native forbs and grasses. Furthermore adding both seed and living soil more than doubled total native plant cover and decreased ruderal and exotic plant cover. These results indicate that seed/soil amendments that increase native forbs and grasses may enhance the rate of succession in burned slash pile areas by allowing these species to outcompete exotic and ruderal species also establishing at the site through natural regeneration.     

Effects of Phosphorus Removal on the Maximal Algal Growth in Bioassay Experiments with Water from Four Dutch Lakes

This paper reports the effects of phosphorus removal at three sewage wastewater treatment plants on the state of eutrophication of four shallow lakes in the south-eastern part of the Rijnland Waterboard area during the years 1980–1982. With chemical analyses and bioassay experiments using the natural phytoplankton population no significant lowering could be detected of respectively the phosphate concentration and the maximal algal growth potential. All lakes proved to be principally nitrogen limited except the Reeuwijk Lakes, which showed clearly, after a primary nitrogen limitation, a secondary phosphorus limitation. Therefore the main attention with respect to phosphorus reduction should be concentrated on the Reeuwijk Lakes in the first place. For the other lakes in the investigated area phosphorus removal will, when it is the only measure taken, presumably not lead at short notice to a decrease of the algal biomass.     

黄土高原典型植被恢复过程土壤与叶片生态化学计量特征

为揭示黄土高原典型人工植被恢复过程中植物叶片与土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素变化特征及其交互作用,以延安庙咀沟流域恢复20—40a的刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)、柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、草地和坡耕地(对照)为研究对象,分析了各样地植物叶片和土壤C、N、P化学计量的变化特征及相互关系。结果表明:从20a到40a的恢复过程中,3种植被叶片C含量均显著增加,草地叶片P含量显著升高,而刺槐、柠条叶片N和P含量则显著降低。刺槐、柠条及草地土壤C、N、P含量随着恢复年限的延长而增加,比耕地分别增加了70%—349%、27%—202%、13%—62%(P0.05),其中刺槐的增幅最大。从增速来看,刺槐和柠条林土壤表层C、N增速表现为前期(0—20a)大于后期(20—40a),而草地则相反。在20—40a的恢复过程中,刺槐、柠条叶片C∶N、C∶P均显著增加,草地叶片C∶P、N∶P则显著降低。恢复过程中,土壤C∶P在刺槐和草地中显著增加,而土壤N∶P仅在草地中显著增加,土壤C∶N则没有显著变化。相关性分析显示叶片C和土壤C、N、P显著正相关,叶片N、P和土壤N显著正相关,叶片和土壤N∶P显著正相关,叶片P、C∶P与土壤C、N增速显著相关,表明叶片P可以指示土壤C、N增速的变化,而N∶P可以将植物和土壤联系起来。植被恢复过程中,叶片和土壤C、N、P含量及增速均发生显著变化,且存在密切的联系,这种变化的趋势在刺槐、柠条和草地中有所不同。     

The Nature and Longevity of Agricultural Impacts on Soil Carbon and Nutrients: A Review

Since the domestication of plant and animal species around 10,000 years ago, cultivation and animal husbandry have been major components of global change. Agricultural activities such as tillage, fertilization, and biomass alteration lead to fundamental changes in the pools and fluxes of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) that originally existed in native ecosystems. Land is often taken out of agricultural production for economic, social, or biological reasons, and the ability to predict the biogeochemical trajectory of this land is important to our understanding of ecosystem development and our projections of food security for the future. Tillage generally decreases soil organic matter (SOM) due to erosion and disruption of the physical, biochemical, and chemical mechanisms of SOM stabilization, but SOM can generally reaccumulate after the cessation of cultivation. The use of organic amendments causes increases in SOM on agricultural fields that can last for centuries to millennia after the termination of applications, although the locations that provide the organic amendments are concurrently depleted. The legacy of agriculture is therefore highly variable on decadal to millennial time scales and depends on the specific management practices that are followed during the agricultural period. State factors such as climate and parent material (particularly clay content and mineralogy) modify ecosystem processes such that they may be useful predictors of rates of postagricultural biogeochemical change. In addition to accurate biogeochemical budgets of postagricultural systems, ecosystem models that more explicitly incorporate mechanisms of SOM loss and formation with agricultural practices will be helpful. Developing this predictive capacity will aid in ecological restoration efforts and improve the management of modern agroecosystems as demands on agriculture become more pressing.     

Effects of Flow Restoration and Exotic Species Removal on Recovery of Native Fish: Lessons from a Dam Decommissioning

Flow diversion and invasive species are two major threats to freshwater ecosystems, threats that restoration efforts attempt to redress. Yet, few restoration projects monitor whether removal of these threats improve target characteristics of the ecosystem. Fewer still have an appropriate experimental design from which causal inferences can be drawn as to the relative merits of removing exotic fish, restoring flow, or both. We used a dam decommissioning in Fossil Creek, Arizona, to compare responses of native fish to exotic fish removal and flow restoration, using a before‐after‐control‐impact design with three impact treatments: flow restoration alone where exotics had not been present, flow restoration and exotic fish removal, and flow restoration where exotics remain and a control reach that was unaffected by restoration actions. We show that removal of exotic fish dramatically increased native fish abundance. Flow restoration also increased native fish abundance, but the effect was smaller than that from removing exotics. Flow restoration had no effect where exotic fish remained, although it may have had other benefits to the ecosystem. The cost to restore flow ($12 million) was considerably higher than that to eradicate exotics ($1.1 million). The long‐term influence of flow restoration could increase, as travertine dams grow and re‐shape the creek increasing habitat for native fish. But in the 2‐year period considered here, the return on investment for extirpating exotics far exceeded that from flow restoration. Projects aimed to restore native fish by restoring flow should also consider the additional investment required to eradicate exotic fish.     

秸秆还田及磷细菌对土壤微生态及豆角产量的影响

为研究秸秆还田及外源添加磷细菌对土壤微生态及农作物产量的影响,以玉米秸秆和具有解磷能力的恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)为研究对象,通过在设施大棚中栽培豆角,研究了不同处理对土壤和豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、土壤有效磷含量、解磷能力以及豆角产量的影响。研究结果显示,玉米秸秆(处理1)、玉米秸秆+磷细菌(处理2)、磷细菌(处理3)三个处理的土壤中解磷类细菌数量有较大差异,其中处理2数量最高,比对照区高31.89%,差异显著(P<0.05);三个处理均能明显增加豆角根际解磷类细菌数量,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),其中处理2最高,比对照高86.30%,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);三个处理土壤有效磷含量均明显高于对照,差异显著(P<0.05),其中处理2最高,比对照高9.8%;三个处理土壤解磷能力差异较大,处理1和处理2可明显提高土壤解磷能力,分别比对照高50.2%和65.2%,差异极显著(P<0.01);三个处理对豆角均有增产效果,但差异较大,处理2比处理1、处理3产量增加明显,分别增产6.8%、10.3%,差异达到显著水平(P&l...     

Characteristics of Copper Sorption by Various Agricultural Soils in China and the Effect of Exogenic Dissolved Organic Matter on the Sorption

To explore the effect of exogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM) on Cu(II) sorption in agricultural soils, 26 agricultural soils were collected across China. Exogenic dissolved organic matter, extracting from wheat straw (DOM_W) and swine manure (DOM_S), respectively, were added to the soils to conduct a series of batch sorption and characterization experiments. The solid-liquid partition coefficient (K_d) ranged from 0.02 to 76.46 L g^?1, suggesting different Cu(II) sorption on various soils. PCA analysis indicated that pH, free Fe/Al oxides, carbon, and total Cu content had a significant positive relationship with the Cu(II) sorption, respectively. And the contribution rate of pH was the highest (38.15%). Moreover, DOM markedly inhibited the Cu(II) sorption in alkaline soils while promoted the Cu(II) sorption in acidic soils, which were interacted by the soil properties and DOM characteristics. The effect of DOM_S on Cu(II) sorption were more obvious than DOM_W, which were further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR also showed Cu(II) was primarily adsorbed on the specific functional groups, such as CO, OH, and CO, providing direct evidences for the binding of Cu(II) with DOM. This study can guide the rational use of organic fertilizers, and also provide baseline knowledge for the prevention and control of soil pollution.     

河岸带农田不同恢复年限对土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征的影响——以温榆河为例

弃耕地撂荒是土壤与植被向自然方向进行的次生演替,研究河岸带土壤撂荒后碳氮磷生态化学计量特征,是恢复和重建由农田干扰导致的退化河岸带生态系统的重要科学基础之一。以河岸带农地为对照,不同撂荒年限(撂荒2年、撂荒8年、撂荒10年)的土壤为研究对象,探索不同撂荒年限对土壤碳、氮、磷含量及相互关系的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤有机碳、氮的含量均呈现撂荒10年>撂荒8年>农田>撂荒2年;土壤中磷含量呈现撂荒10年>撂荒8年>撂荒2年>农田;农田和各撂荒年限的土壤碳、氮、磷含量,均随着土层深度的增加而呈降低的规律,但土壤碳和氮差异的显著性比磷明显。(2)河岸带土壤中C/N、C/P的均值均呈现:撂荒10年>农田>撂荒8年>撂荒2年趋势。N/P的均值呈现:撂荒10年(0.78)>农田(0.77)>撂荒8年(0.77)>撂荒2年(0.67),表明N是本研究区河岸带植被恢复的限制性营养元素。(3)河岸带农田和不同撂荒年限土壤碳、氮含量均存在极显著的耦合线性关系,而碳与磷、氮与磷之间的线性拟合程度相对较低。(4)在农田撂荒演替的初期阶段(2...     

青藏高原东缘不同树种人工林对土壤酶活性及养分的影响

为评价不同树种人工林对土壤酶及养分的影响,选择立地条件和营林方式相同的4种人工林(连香树[CJ]、油松[PT]、落叶松[LK]和华山松[PA])为研究对象,以落叶灌丛(QC)为对照,比较不同树种人工林地土壤酶活性和土壤养分的变化。结果显示:(1)造林降低了土壤酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和过氧化氢酶活性,但人工造林后土壤脲酶活性增加;(2)造林也明显影响了土壤养分,与对照林地相比,除CJ人工林土壤中磷(P)略高外,造林地土壤有机碳(TOC)、氮(N)、水可提取有机碳(WEOC)和氮(WEON)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)均降低;(3)不同的人工林树种之间土壤养分及酶活性也存在一定的差异性,CJ和LK人工林土壤C、N、P及相关酶活性明显不同于PT和PA人工林;(4)土壤酶与养分变化有一定的相关性,除转化酶和多酚氧化酶反应较迟钝外,其它酶对环境反应较敏感。综合分析表明,在川西地区选择高密度单一树种造林并没有改善土壤养分和酶活性,在该地区选择落叶或阔叶树种造林可使土壤肥力恢复。     

生态保护修复对碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率的影响——以重庆市为例

岩溶区矿山生态修复、石漠化治理等生态保护修复工程,不仅改善了区内生态环境,而且有利于促进土壤、岩溶固碳增汇,对实现"双碳"目标具有重要意义。以重庆主城北碚矿山生态修复、渝东北巫山石漠化治理区等为例,通过野外标准溶蚀试片实验法和土壤取样测试分析法,研究不同生态保护修复措施下土壤碳库、碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率等变化特征,探讨不同生态修复方式对碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率的影响。结果表明:灰岩矿山修复区、石漠化治理区,土壤无机碳(SIC)含量较高,约为土壤有机碳(SOC)的4.5倍,且对碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率有一定的抑制作用;修复时间越长,土壤有机碳(SOC)含量越高,但SOC含量与碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率的相关性不显著;从夏季(监测期7、8月遭受极端高温干旱)至秋、冬、春季,土下及地表试片溶蚀速率明显增大;不同生态保护修复方式或植被恢复类型,碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率明显不同,北碚矿山修复区月桂林＞草灌从(橘树)＞草灌从(桃树)＞花椒树＞李子树,巫山生态修复区石漠化治理林地＞封山育林林地＞石漠化治理果园。     

黄土高原植被建设与土壤干燥化:问题与展望

黄土高原大规模植被建设有效减少了水土流失、改善了区域生态环境,大规模人工植被种植也造成了土壤水分的过度消耗,导致了土壤干燥化,成为当前黄土高原生态恢复的重要制约因素,威胁区域生态系统健康与稳定。系统综述了黄土高原地区人工植被恢复对土壤干燥化的作用机制,植被群落特征与土壤干燥化的耦合关系,多尺度土壤干燥化时空分异规律及其影响因素,明确了当前大规模人工植被恢复过程中土壤水分持续利用面临的问题与挑战。建议今后加强植被动态对水文过程影响的研究,明确多尺度植被格局与土壤干燥化时空分异的耦合关系,系统开展变化环境下不同尺度植被与土壤水分相互作用的模拟研究,探讨基于植被格局优化的土壤水分调控机制,维护黄土高原地区土壤安全,提升区域生态系统服务功能。     

Interactions Between Escherchia coli and the Colloids of Three Variable Charge Soils and Their Effects on Soil Surface Charge Properties

The adhesion of Escherchia coli (E. coli) to the colloids of three variable charge soils and its effect on surface charge properties and potassium adsorption of these soil colloids were investigated. The adhesion isotherms of E. coli by soil colloids can be described using the Langmuir equation. The amount of E. coli adhered by the soil colloids varied with soil type and followed the order: Ultisol from Guangxi > Oxisol from Yunnan > Ultisol from Jiangxi. The iron and aluminum oxide contents and CECs of the soils are the important factors affecting the adhesion of E. coli to soil colloids. The relatively lower iron and aluminum oxide contents and higher CEC of the Ultisol from Jiangxi led to the lower adhesion of E. coli to the soil colloids compared to the Ultisol from Guangxi and the Oxisol from Yunnan. The amount of E. coli adhered to the soil colloids decreased with increasing pH, which was consistent with the results predicted from the DLVO theory. E. coli adhesion made the zeta potential of the soil colloids more negative and reduced the isoelectric point of the soil colloids, suggesting that E. coli decreased the surface positive charge and increased negative charge of the soil colloids. In addition, E. coli adhesion increased K⁺ adsorption by the soil colloids. Therefore, bacterial adhesion improves the fertility of variable charge soils by increasing soil CEC because the CECs of variable charge soils are usually low.     

宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体养分特征及微生物特性的影响

测定了宁夏黄土丘陵区植被恢复近30年的天然草地和农地不同粒径团聚体的土壤养分含量、微生物生物量、呼吸特性和生态化学计量比等指标,探索黄土丘陵区植被恢复对不同粒径土壤团聚体的养分特性和微生物学性质的影响.结果表明: 微团聚体(粒径<0.25 mm)质量百分比、各粒径土壤团聚体养分(有机碳、全氮、速效钾)含量、C/N均表现为天然草地大于农地,其中1～2 mm粒径团聚体有机碳、全氮含量在天然草地和农地中均最高,C/N也较高,说明植被恢复能有效促进土壤团粒的形成,适宜养分积累和有机碳的汇集,且在1～2 mm粒径团聚体上表现最为突出;天然草地各粒径土壤团聚体微生物生物量(碳、氮)、基础呼吸强度均高于农地,而呼吸熵低于农地,可见植被恢复措施可有效提高各粒径土壤微生物生物量与活性,并使土壤生境趋于稳定;但由于养分特性的差异,不同粒径团聚体微生物特性对植被修复的响应存在差异,其中天然草地土壤1～2 mm粒径团聚体微生物生物量碳,<0.25、0.25～1、1～2 mm粒径团聚体微生物生物量氮,以及1～2、>5 mm粒径团聚体基础呼吸强度显著高于其他粒径,即上述粒径团聚体的微生物生物量和微生物活性在植被恢复过程中逐渐被改善.表明宁南山区植被恢复有效改善了土壤团聚体的肥力状况与结构特征,且1～2 mm粒径团聚体的改良效果最为突出.